scholarly journals The effects of the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole on bone metabolism and cardiovascular risk indices in ovariectomized, androgen-treated female-to-male transsexuals

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs C M Bunck ◽  
Arno W F T Toorians ◽  
Paul Lips ◽  
Louis J G Gooren
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Estrogen Deprivation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Indices

Objective: Cases of men with estrogen resistance and aromatase deficiency have highlighted the effects of estrogens on bone metabolism, the cardiovascular system and biochemical variables of the metabolic syndrome. In eugonadal men, administration of an aromatase inhibitor induces a substantial elevation of LH and testosterone due to the decreased negative-feedback signal of estrogen and may thwart the interpretation of results. As there is no gonad for LH to act on, no increase of serum testosterone concentration will be seen in female-to-male transssexuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of estrogen deprivation on bone metabolism and vascular parameters without the interference of counter-regulatory effects as seen in eugonadal men. Design: Thirty ovariectomized female-to-male transsexuals participated in this double-blind, randomized trial. During 3 months, subjects received the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole 1 mg/day (n = 16) or a placebo (n = 14) in addition to parenteral testosterone esters (Sustanon 250 every 2 weeks). Results: Serum 17β-estradiol (E2) concentration fell significantly from 134.0 ± 78.8 to 77.7 ± 130.6 pmol/l compared with placebo (P < 0.01). LH and FSH levels rose without the rise of testosterone levels observed in eugonadal men. Within the placebo group, E2 remained at baseline levels. Of the endpoint variables measured (bone metabolism and vascular parameters) no significant changes were observed compared with placebo, or within the anastrozole-treated group. Conclusions: These results may indicate that the negative effects of estrogen deprivation in men only become manifest when the concentration falls below the levels induced by our intervention with anastrozole (77 pmol/l). This assumption is supported by the observation in the anastrozole group that, although effects of the reduction of serum E2 on vascular parameters could not be demonstrated in subjects as a group, there was a correlation between individual serum E2 and several vascular parameters.

scholarly journals Cognitive effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy in peripubertal boys

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hero ◽  
S Maury ◽  
E Luotoniemi ◽  
E Service ◽  
L Dunkel
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Double Blind

ObjectiveAromatase inhibitors, blockers of oestrogen biosynthesis, have emerged as a new potential treatment modality for boys with short stature. The cognitive effects of such therapy are unknown. In this study, we explored the effects of aromatase inhibition on cognitive performance in peripubertal boys.DesignProspective, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical study.MethodsTwenty-eight boys, aged 9.0–14.5 years, with idiopathic short stature were treated with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (2.5 mg/day) or placebo, for 2 years. During the treatment, the progression of physical signs of puberty and the concentrations of sex hormones were followed up. A selection of cognitive tests, focusing on memory function, was administered to the participants at entry, at 12 months and at 24 months after the start of the treatment.ResultsLetrozole effectively inhibited the conversion of androgen to oestrogen, as indicated by high serum testosterone and low serum oestradiol concentrations in letrozole-treated boys who progressed into puberty. In both the groups, there was a gain in performance during the follow-up period in tests of verbal performance, in most of the tests of visuospatial performance and in some tests of verbal memory. No significant differences between the letrozole- and placebo-treated boys in development of cognitive performance were found in any of the tests during the follow-up period.ConclusionsOur results suggest that blockade of oestrogen biosynthesis with an aromatase inhibitor does not influence cognitive performance in peripubertal males.

scholarly journals Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical study to assess efficacy and safety of NRL/MW/201901 in subjects suffering from erectile dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2790-2801
Author(s):  
Omkar Kulkarni ◽  
Anuj Agarwal ◽  
Priya Khare ◽  
Gayatri Ganu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Resting Metabolism

Sex is an integral part of a well-being. Sexual satisfaction is the most important component of the quality of life. In management of ED overall sexual potential and quality of life needs to be taken care of as a holistic approach to management. The aim of the study was to clinically validate effect of NRL/MW/201901 a polyhedral Nutraceutical product in ED. The clinical efficacy of NRL/MW/201901 in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction was evaluated by assessing Quality of Erection Questionnaire and sexual encounter profile with Intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time, serum testosterone and anthropometric analysis etc. NRL/MW/201901 was effective in increasing erection function, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction, overall satisfaction and sexual desire. There is marked increase in number of sexual encounters in NRL/MW/201901 treated group. Serum levels of testosterone were increased after treatment of NRL/MW/201901 than in placebo group. It was evident from the anthropometric analysis of the subjects that there was significant increase in resting metabolism and % skeletal muscle content in NRL/MW/201901 treated group. There were no evident adverse events related to drug. Thus it could be concluded that NRL/MW/201901 is safe and effective in the treatment of mild to moderate erectile dysfunction.

scholarly journals Acute inhibition of oestrogen biosynthesis does not affect serum leptin levels in young men

2000 ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Luukkaa ◽  
J Rouru ◽  
O Ahokoski ◽  
H Scheinin ◽  
K Irjala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Enzyme Design ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Selective Blockade ◽  
Pre Treatment

OBJECTIVE: Leptin plays an important role in the regulation of reproduction. To explore the contribution of oestradiol to serum leptin levels in men, we measured the concentrations of serum leptin and insulin after inhibition of oestrogen biosynthesis by selective blockade of the aromatase enzyme. DESIGN: The study had a double-blind parallel group design. METHODS: The aromatase inhibitor, MPV 2213ad, was given to eight healthy male volunteers as a single dose of 100mg. Eight men received placebo. Serum leptin and insulin were determined from blood samples collected at 0800h, 1600h and 2000h both on the actual test day (day 0) and on the previous day (day -1), and from single blood samples taken in the morning of days 1, 2, 4 and 7. Changes in serum leptin were correlated with those seen in serum oestradiol, testosterone, LH, FSH, cortisol and aldosterone, which were determined earlier. RESULTS: After the aromatase inhibitor administration, mean serum oestradiol concentration was reduced by 74% from the baseline compared with a 19% reduction in the placebo group (P for difference <0.001), and returned to pre-treatment levels within four days. Despite marked changes in serum oestradiol and sustained elevations in serum testosterone, LH and FSH concentrations, serum leptin concentrations were similar in the group receiving the aromatase inhibitor and in the placebo group. We found a weak correlation between serum oestradiol and leptin, which could not be reproduced when the percentage changes in these variables were analysed. CONCLUSION: Marked short-term reduction in serum oestradiol concentration has no effect on serum leptin levels in young men.

Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis Treated with Porcine Plasmin

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 468-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Storm ◽  
P Ollendorff ◽  
E Drewsen ◽  
P Tang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Initial Dose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Thrombolytic Effect ◽  
Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryThe thrombolytic effect of pig plasmin was tested in a double blind trial on patients with deep venous thrombosis in the lower limb. Only patients with not more than three days old thrombi were selected for this study. The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis was made clinically and confirmed by phlebography. Lysofibrin Novo (porcine plasmin) or placebo (porcine plasminogen) was administered intravenously to the patients. The enzyme and the placebo were delivered as lyophilized powder in labelled bottles - the contents of the bottles were unknown to the doctor in charge of the clinical administration of the trial. An initial dose of plasmin/plasminogen of 30 unit per kg body weight given slowly intravenously (1-1% hours infusion) was followed by a maintenance dosis of 15 per cent the initial dose per hour for the following 5-7 hours. In most cases a similar maintenance dosis was given the next day. In all patients heparin was administered after ending the plasmin/plasminogen infusion. The results of the treatment was evaluated clinically as well as by control phlebo- grams the following days.A statistically significant improvement was found in the plasmin treated group compared with the placebo (plasminogen) treated group. Thrombolysis was obtained clinically and phlebographically in 65 per cent of the plasmin treated group, but only in 15 per cent of the control patients were improvements found.This study has thus demonstrated that plasmin treatment according to a standard scheme was able to induce thrombolysis. There were only a few and insignificant side effects. Allergic reactions have not been seen and only very simple tests are required.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous adiponectin supplementation in early pregnant PCOS mice on the metabolic syndrome of adult female offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zuo ◽  
Guotao Liao ◽  
Wenqian Zhang ◽  
Dan Xu ◽  
Juan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pcos Group

Abstract Objective PCOS is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder with both reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. At present, PCOS has been confirmed to have a certain genetic background. Compared with healthy women, the vast majority of PCOS patients have hyperandrogenemia, and this excessive androgen exposure during pregnancy may affect the development of female fetuses. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of adiponectin intervention during early pregnancy of obese mice with PCOS on the metabolic phenotype of adult female offspring. Methods After the PCOS model was established, C57BL/6J mice were divided into maternal-control, maternal-PCOS, and maternal-PCOS + APN groups. DHEA-induced PCOS mice were supplemented with adiponectin (10 mg/kg/day) in the early pregnancy in order to eliminate adverse hormone exposure and then traced for endocrine indicators in their adult female offspring, which were observed for metabolism syndrome or endocrine disturbance and exhibited the main effects of APN. To further explore the underlying mechanism, the relative expressions of phosphorylated AMPK, PI3K, and Akt were detected in the ovaries of offspring mice. Results The serum testosterone level of the maternal-PCOS + APN group in early pregnancy was significantly lower than that of the maternal-PCOS group (p < 0.01). The serum testosterone level in the offspring-PCOS + APN group was significantly lower than in the offspring-PCOS group (p <0.05), the diestrus time characterized by massive granulocyte aggregation in the estrus cycle was significantly shorter than in the offspring-PCOS group (p<0.05), and the phenotypes of PCOS-like reproductive disorders and metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and hyperlipidemia, were also significantly improved in the offspring-PCOS + APN group (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of phosphorylated AMPK, PI3K, and Akt in the offspring-PCOS group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while those in the offspring-PCOS + APN group were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Conclusions APN intervention in early pregnancy significantly reduced the adverse effects of maternal obesity and high androgen levels during pregnancy on female offspring and corrected the PCOS-like endocrine phenotype and metabolic disorders of adult female offspring. This effect may be caused by the activation of the AMPK/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in PCOS offspring mice.

scholarly journals Midazolam-Flumazenil Topical Anaesthesia for Microlaryngoscopy with Jet Ventilation

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
W. Rushatamukayanunt ◽  
T. Tritrakarn
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Topical Anaesthesia ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Jet Ventilation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
High Incidence

A comparison between midazolam and midazolam-flumazenil for total intravenous anaesthesia in combination with topical anaesthesia and muscle relaxants was performed in a double-blind, parallel study in 40 patients scheduled for microlaryngoscopy with or without bronchoscopic procedures using jet ventilation with oxygen. A single intravenous injection of midazolam 0.3 mg/kg, lignocaine spray and muscle relaxants provided adequate anaesthesia and good operative conditions throughout the procedures, which took 20 to 30 minutes. Patients who had placebo at the end of the procedures had a longer recovery and a high incidence of airway obstruction (20%). Administration of flumazenil provided prompt awakening in 19 of 20 patients (95%) within five minutes, resulting in rapid and favourable recovery without resedation or other side-effects, while only three of 20 (15%) patients in the placebo-treated group had improved consciousness within five minutes. The simplicity and reliability of the midazolam-flumazenil technique is attractive. We consider it worthy of further investigation for wider application in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Effect of oral DHEA on serum testosterone and adaptations to resistance training in young men

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2274-2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Brown ◽  
Matthew D. Vukovich ◽  
Rick L. Sharp ◽  
Tracy A. Reifenrath ◽  
Kerry A. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Liver Transaminases ◽  
And Training

This study examined the effects of acute dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) ingestion on serum steroid hormones and the effect of chronic DHEA intake on the adaptations to resistance training. In 10 young men (23 ± 4 yr old), ingestion of 50 mg of DHEA increased serum androstenedione concentrations 150% within 60 min ( P < 0.05) but did not affect serum testosterone and estrogen concentrations. An additional 19 men (23 ± 1 yr old) participated in an 8-wk whole body resistance-training program and ingested DHEA (150 mg/day, n = 9) or placebo ( n = 10) during weeks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8. Serum androstenedione concentrations were significantly ( P < 0.05) increased in the DHEA-treated group after 2 and 5 wk. Serum concentrations of free and total testosterone, estrone, estradiol, estriol, lipids, and liver transaminases were unaffected by supplementation and training, while strength and lean body mass increased significantly and similarly ( P < 0.05) in the men treated with placebo and DHEA. These results suggest that DHEA ingestion does not enhance serum testosterone concentrations or adaptations associated with resistance training in young men.

scholarly journals The role of sex steroids in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and serum lipid concentrations during male puberty: a prospective study with a P450-aromatase inhibitor

2002 ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Wickman ◽  
T Saukkonen ◽  
L Dunkel
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Letrozole Treatment

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the sex steroid-mediated changes in serum insulin and lipid concentrations in boys during puberty. DESIGN AND METHODS: We treated boys with constitutional delay of puberty either with testosterone plus placebo or with testosterone plus an aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, which inhibits the conversion of androgens to oestrogens. We demonstrated previously that during treatment with testosterone plus letrozole the increase in testosterone concentration was more than 5-fold higher than during treatment with testosterone plus placebo. The concentrations of 17beta-oestradiol, IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 increased during testosterone-plus-placebo treatment, but during testosterone-plus-letrozole treatment the concentrations remained unchanged. These divergent changes in the two groups enabled us to study the effects of sex steroids and GH on insulin sensitivity and lipid concentrations. RESULTS: The insulin concentration in the testosterone-plus-placebo-treated group did not change. In contrast, in the testosterone-plus-letrozole-treated group, the concentration decreased during letrozole treatment, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Changes in insulin and IGF-I concentrations within 12 and 18 months were correlated. In the testosterone-plus-placebo-treated group, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration did not change but in the testosterone-plus-letrozole-treated group the concentration decreased. The concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) and triglycerides did not change in either of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that androgens do not directly alter insulin sensitivity in boys during puberty. In contrast, the observations suggest tight regulation of glucose--insulin homeostasis by GH in boys at this stage. Furthermore, our findings indicate that sex steroids do not significantly participate in the regulation of serum concentrations of LDL-cholesterol or triglycerides in boys during early and mid-puberty.

scholarly journals A Three-Month Consumption of Eggs Enriched with ω-3, ω-5 and ω-7 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Significantly Decreases the Waist Circumference of Subjects at Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Monique T. Ngo Njembe ◽  
Barbara Pachikian ◽  
Irina Lobysheva ◽  
Nancy Van Overstraeten ◽  
Louis Dejonghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), rumenic acid (RmA), and punicic acid (PunA) are claimed to influence several physiological functions including insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes. In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, we investigated the combined effect of ALA, DHA, RmA and PunA on subjects at risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Twenty-four women and men were randomly assigned to two groups. Each day, they consumed two eggs enriched with oleic acid (control group) or enriched with ALA, DHA, RmA, and PunA (test group) for 3 months. The waist circumference decreased significantly (−3.17 cm; p < 0.001) in the test group. There were no major changes in plasma insulin and blood glucose in the two groups. The dietary treatments had no significant effect on endothelial function as measured by peripheral arterial tonometry, although erythrocyte nitrosylated hemoglobin concentrations tended to decrease. The high consumption of eggs induced significant elevations in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p < 0.001), which did not result in any change in the LDL/HDL ratio in both groups. These results indicate that consumption of eggs enriched with ALA, DHA, RmA and PunA resulted in favorable changes in abdominal obesity without affecting other factors of the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Effect of oral sugar solution for reducing pain in infants underwent diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT) im- munization: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Priambodo ◽  
Madarina Julia ◽  
Djauhar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Median Duration ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
To Receive

Background Infants are often subjected to painful procedures suchas diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DTP) immunization. Despiteits negative effects, pain in infants has not got enough attention.Sweet oral solution has analgesic effect.Objective To determine whether oral sugar solution can reducethe duration of crying in infants who got DTP immunization.Methods This was a randomized, double-blind controlled trialperformed at Growth and Development Clinic of Dr. SardjitoGeneral Hospital and two Primary Health Centers in Yogyakarta.Study subjects were 4-6 month-old infants who got the 3 rd DTPimmunization. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive 2 ml75% oral sugar solution (intervention group) or 2 ml drinkingwater (placebo) just before the immunization. Crying was recordedfrom just before the injection until 3 minutes after.Results Eighty-six subjects were enrolled; 42 subjects receivedsugar solution and 44 subjects received placebo. Sugar solutionreduced the median duration of first cry about 38 seconds or 32%(P=0.03) and reduced the median duration of total crying about35 seconds or 24% (P=0.02).Conclusion Administration of 2 ml 75% oral sugar solution canalleviate pain associated with DTP immunization as shown byreduced duration of crying.

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