scholarly journals Celebrating the 80th anniversary of hormone ablation for prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramita M Ghosh ◽  
Amina Zoubeidi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
Androgen Ablation ◽  
Androgen Withdrawal ◽  
Hormone Ablation ◽  
Anniversary Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prostatic Atrophy

In this special issue of Endocrine-Related Cancer, we are celebrating the 80th anniversary of hormone ablation as treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. Our understanding has evolved from the observation that androgen withdrawal, either surgical or pharmacological, resulted in prostatic atrophy in animal models, to its application in patients, to investigation of the mysterious way in which prostate cancer escapes androgen dependence. We are now in an era of novel AR pathway inhibitors, combination of androgen ablation with chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors, immunotherapies, guided radiotherapy, and novel drug application based upon genetic testing of individual tumors. In this Anniversary Issue, we bring together a collection of eight reviews that cover not only the history of 80 years of progress after the initial identification of androgen ablation as an effective treatment of prostate cancer, but subsequent improvements in the understanding of the biology of the disease, development of novel treatment paradigms, resistance to those treatments and disease progression following that resistance.

scholarly journals BRCA2 and Other DDR Genes in Prostate Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paz Nombela ◽  
Rebeca Lozano ◽  
Alvaro Aytes ◽  
Joaquin Mateo ◽  
David Olmos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Germline Mutations ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Brca1 And Brca2 ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
The Impact

Germline and somatic aberrations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes are more prevalent in prostate cancer than previously recognized, with BRCA2 as the most commonly altered gene. Germline mutations in BRCA2 have been linked to poor prognosis when patients are managed under the protocols currently approved for prostate cancer. The impact of germline mutations in other DDR genes beyond BRCA2 remain unclear. Importantly, a quarter of prostate cancer patients identified as germline mutation carriers lack a family history of cancer. The clinical implications of somatic DDR defects are yet to be elucidated. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapy have proven to be effective in the treatment of other tumor types linked to BRCA1 and BRCA2 alterations and several trials are currently evaluating their efficacy in prostate cancer. Here, we summarize the available evidence regarding the prevalence of somatic and germline DDR defects in prostate cancer; their association with clinical outcomes; the trials assessing the efficacy of new therapies that exploit DDR defects in prostate cancer and briefly discuss some uncertainties about the most appropriate management for these patients.

232: Natural History of Treated Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Porter ◽  
Jochen Walz ◽  
Andrea Gallina ◽  
Claudio Jeldres ◽  
Koichi Kodama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Biochemical Recurrence ◽  
History Of

Docetaxel, estramustine, and short-term androgen withdrawal for patients with biochemical failure after definitive local therapy for prostate cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (4M) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Ellen Taplin ◽  
Glenn J. Bubley ◽  
Barur Rajeshkumar ◽  
Todd Shuster ◽  
Yoo-Joung Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Biochemical Failure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Androgen Withdrawal

Paeonol Inhibits Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation by Inactivation of STAT3 Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Junyi Xiang ◽  
Feng Huang ◽  
Renhua Huang ◽  
Jingzhan Su ◽  
Yulong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ablation Therapy ◽  
Androgen Ablation ◽  
Mesenchymal Transformation ◽  
Dose Dependent

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death in men all over the world. Treatment options such as androgen ablation therapy and cytotoxic agents have many undesirable side effects, narrow therapeutic windows, or other limitations. In this research, we have explored the effects of paeonol on prostate cancer and its mechanism of action. Our results have shown that paeonol reduced the viability of prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The wound-healing assay, a surrogate marker of tumor metastasis, showed that the relative wound width of 10 µM group was less than that of 50 µM paeonol-treated cells. Besides, the results of the transwell assay also showed that the number of migrated cells was significantly lower after treatment with 50 µM paeonol compared to the 10 µM group. The Western blot results showed that paeonol treatment induced a decrease in the mesenchymal markers (vimentin and N-cadherin), while the epithelial marker (E-cadherin) increased in a dose-dependent manner suggesting that paeonol effectively inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in PC3 cells. Furthermore, the expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 was also decreased after paeonol treatment, which indicated that the STAT3 signaling pathway was inhibited by paeonol. To conclude, the results summarized in this paper suggest that paeonol could be a potential candidate in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Prostate Carcinogenesis: Insights in relation to Epigenetics and Inflammation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirazkar D. Pandareesh ◽  
Vivek Hamse Kameshwar ◽  
Kullaiah K. Byrappa
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Prostate Carcinogenesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Potential

: Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease that mainly occurs due to the accumulation of somatic, genetic and epigenetic changes, resulting in the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Mutations in genes, specifically those that control cell growth and division or the repair of damaged DNA, make the cells grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. The risk of developing prostate cancer depends upon the gene that has undergone the mutation. Identifying such genetic risk factors for prostate cancer pose a challenge for the researchers. Besides genetic mutations, many epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and phosphorylation) nucleosomal remodelling, and chromosomal looping, have been significantly contributed to the onset of prostate cancer as well as the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. Chronic inflammation also plays a major role in the onset and progression of human cancer, via. modifications in the tumor microenvironment by initiating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and remodelling the extracellular matrix. In this article, the authors present a brief history of the mechanisms and potential links between the genetic aberrations, epigenetic changes, inflammation and inflammasomes that are known to contribute to the prognosis of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the authors examine and discuss clinical potential of prostate carcinogenesis in relation to epigenetics and inflammation for its diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Treating the patient and not just the cancer: therapeutic burden in prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Spratt ◽  
Neal Shore ◽  
Oliver Sartor ◽  
Dana Rathkopf ◽  
Kara Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Androgen Ablation ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Concomitant Medications

Abstract Background Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of death in older men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered the standard-of-care for men with locally advanced disease. However, continuous androgen ablation is associated with acute and long-term adverse effects and most patients will eventually develop castration-resistant PC (CRPC). The recent approval of three, second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs), apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide, has transformed the treatment landscape of PC. Treatment with these second-generation ARIs have produced positive trends in metastasis-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival. For patients with non-metastatic CRPC, who are mainly asymptomatic from their disease, maintaining quality of life is a major objective when prescribing therapy. Polypharmacy for age-related comorbidities also is common in this population and may increase the potential for drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Method This review summarizes the multiple factors that may contribute to the therapeutic burden of patients with CRPC, including the interplay between age, comorbidities, concomitant medications, the use of ARIs, and financial distress. Conclusions As the treatment landscape in PC continues to rapidly evolve, consideration must be given to the balance between therapeutic benefits and potential treatment-emergent adverse events that may be further complicated by DDIs with concomitant medications. Patient-centered communication is a crucial aspect of alleviating this burden, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) may benefit from training in effective patient communication. HCPs should closely and frequently monitor patient treatment responses, in order to better understand symptom onset and exacerbation. Patients also should be encouraged to participate in exercise programs, and health information and support groups, which may assist them in preventing or mitigating certain determinants of the therapeutic burden associated with PC and its management.

scholarly journals Effect of prior cancer on survival outcomes for patients with advanced prostate cancer

BMC Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yechen Wu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Duocheng Qian ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yiping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background A history of prior cancer commonly results in exclusion from cancer clinical trials. However, whether a prior cancer history has an adversely impact on clinical outcomes for patients with advanced prostate cancer (APC) remains largely unknown. We therefore aimed to investigate the impact of prior cancer history on these patients. Methods We identified patients with advanced prostate cancer diagnosed from 2004 to 2010 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics. Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard model were utilized for survival analysis. Results A total of 19,772 eligible APC patients were included, of whom 887 (4.5 %) had a history of prior cancer. Urinary bladder (19 %), colon and cecum (16 %), melanoma of the skin (9 %) malignancies, and non-hodgkin lymphoma (9 %) were the most common types of prior cancer. Patients with a history of prior cancer had slightly inferior overall survival (OS) (AHR = 1.13; 95 % CI [1.02–1.26]; P = 0.017) as compared with that of patients without a prior cancer diagnosis. Subgroup analysis further indicated that a history of prior cancer didn’t adversely impact patients’ clinical outcomes, except in patients with a prior cancer diagnosed within 2 years, at advanced stage, or originating from specific sites, including bladder, colon and cecum, or lung and bronchus, or prior chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Conclusions A large proportion of APC patients with a prior cancer history had non-inferior survival to that of patients without a prior cancer diagnosis. These patients may be candidates for relevant cancer trials.

scholarly journals Changing the History of Prostate Cancer with New Targeted Therapies

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Susana Hernando Polo ◽  
Diana Moreno Muñoz ◽  
Adriana Carolina Rosero Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Silva Ruiz ◽  
Diana Isabel Rosero Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Synthetic Lethality ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Landscape ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Repair Genes

The therapeutic landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is changing due to the emergence of new targeted therapies for the treatment of different molecular subtypes. Some biomarkers are described as potential molecular targets different from classic androgen receptors (AR). Approximately 20–25% of mCRPCs have somatic or germline alterations in DNA repair genes involved in homologous recombination. These subtypes are usually associated with more aggressive disease. Inhibitors of the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARPi) have demonstrated an important benefit in the treatment of these subtypes of tumors. However, tumors that resistant to PARPi and wildtype BRCA tumors do not benefit from these therapies. Recent studies are exploring drug combinations with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) or protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitors, as mechanisms to overcome resistance or to induce BRCAness and synthetic lethality. This article reviews various different novel strategies to improve outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.

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