scholarly journals Regulation of intracellular pH during oocyte growth and maturation in mammals

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg FitzHarris ◽  
Jay M Baltz
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Oocyte Growth ◽  
Homeostatic Process ◽  
Mapk Signalling ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Early Mammalian Development

Regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) is a fundamental homeostatic process essential for the survival and proliferation of virtually all cell types. The mammalian preimplantation embryo, for example, possesses Na+/H+and HCO3−/Cl−exchangers that robustly regulate against acidosis and alkalosis respectively. Inhibition of these transporters prevents pH corrections and, perhaps unsurprisingly, leads to impaired embryogenesis. However, recent studies have revealed that the role and regulation of pHiis somewhat more complex in the case of the developing and maturing oocyte. Small meiotically incompetent growing oocytes are apparently incapable of regulating their own pHi, and instead rely upon the surrounding granulosa cells to correct ooplasmic pH, until such a time that the oocyte has developed the capacity to regulate its own pHi. Later, during meiotic maturation, pHi-regulating activities that were developed during growth are inactivated, apparently under the control of MAPK signalling, until the oocyte is successfully fertilized. Here, we will discuss pH homeostasis in early mammalian development, focussing on recent developments highlighting the unusual and unexpected scenario of pH regulation during oocyte growth and maturation.

scholarly journals Regulatory network characterization in development: challenges and opportunities

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Guangdun Peng ◽  
Jing-Dong J. Han
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Early Mammalian Development

Embryonic development and stem cell differentiation, during which coordinated cell fate specification takes place in a spatial and temporal context, serve as a paradigm for studying the orderly assembly of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and the fundamental mechanism of GRNs in driving lineage determination. However, knowledge of reliable GRN annotation for dynamic development regulation, particularly for unveiling the complex temporal and spatial architecture of tissue stem cells, remains inadequate. With the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing technology, elucidating GRNs in development and stem cell processes poses both new challenges and unprecedented opportunities. This review takes a snapshot of some of this work and its implication in the regulative nature of early mammalian development and specification of the distinct cell types during embryogenesis.

pH regulation in ileum: Na(+)-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange in isolated crypt and villus cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. G440-G449 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Sundaram ◽  
R. G. Knickelbein ◽  
J. W. Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Separation Cell

Current evidence suggests that intestinal crypt and villus cells have different functions in electrolyte transport. To study the regulation of transporters, we isolated and separated these two cell types. This was accomplished by sequential collection of enterocytes from rabbit ileal loops incubated with buffered solutions of calcium chelators. Alkaline phosphatase and thymidine kinase activity, sodium-glucose cotransport, and morphological criteria were used to determine cell separation. Cell viability was evaluated with trypan blue exclusion, leucine incorporation into protein, and morphological features. The role of Na(+)-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange in the regulation of intracellular pH was analyzed using an intracellular pH sensitive dye, BCECF. Removal of external Na+ or the addition of amiloride resulted in acidification of both crypt and villus cells. Removal of Cl- or the addition of DIDS resulted in alkalinization of both cell types. The cells could be acidified with NH4Cl, and recovery from this acid load was dependent on Na+ and inhibited by amiloride. Similarly, the cells could be alkalinized with propionate and recovery was Cl- dependent and DIDS sensitive. These data are consistent with the presence of Na(+)-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange in both crypt and villus cells. Both exchanges appear to be involved in the regulation of basal pH as well as in recovery from alterations in intracellular pH. Having demonstrated the presence of Na(+)-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange activity in both crypt and villus cells, we can now use these cells to determine the regulation of these exchangers by intracellular second messengers.

scholarly journals Heterochromatin Morphodynamics in Late Oogenesis and Early Embryogenesis of Mammals

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Bogolyubova ◽  
Dmitry Bogolyubov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Histone Variants ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Oocyte Growth ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Early Mammalian Development

During the period of oocyte growth, chromatin undergoes global rearrangements at both morphological and molecular levels. An intriguing feature of oogenesis in some mammalian species is the formation of a heterochromatin ring-shaped structure, called the karyosphere or surrounded “nucleolus”, which is associated with the periphery of the nucleolus-like bodies (NLBs). Morphologically similar heterochromatin structures also form around the nucleolus-precursor bodies (NPBs) in zygotes and persist for several first cleavage divisions in blastomeres. Despite recent progress in our understanding the regulation of gene silencing/expression during early mammalian development, as well as the molecular mechanisms that underlie chromatin condensation and heterochromatin structure, the biological significance of the karyosphere and its counterparts in early embryos is still elusive. We pay attention to both the changes of heterochromatin morphology and to the molecular mechanisms that can affect the configuration and functional activity of chromatin. We briefly discuss how DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, alternative histone variants, and some chromatin-associated non-histone proteins may be involved in the formation of peculiar heterochromatin structures intimately associated with NLBs and NPBs, the unique nuclear bodies of oocytes and early embryos.

scholarly journals pH homeostasis in human lymphocytes: modulation by ions and mitogen.

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 885-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Deutsch ◽  
J S Taylor ◽  
M Price
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Proliferative Response ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
Ph Range

Quiescent human peripheral blood lymphocytes have been shown to maintain a relatively constant intracellular pH of 7.0-7.2 over an extracellular pH range of 6.9-7.4. Two methods of measuring intracellular pH were used in these studies, 19F nuclear magnetic resonance and [14C]5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione (DMO) equilibrium distributions. When ATP levels were decreased in these cells, actively maintained pH regulation was abolished and cells exhibited a constant pH gradient of 0.2 pH unit (acid inside relative to outside). Possible mechanisms for pH regulation are discussed. The effects of the Na+ and K+ composition of the medium on pH regulation showed no correlation with their effects on mitogen-induced proliferative response, which we have previously determined (Deutsch, C., and M. Price, 1982, J. Cell. Physiol., 111:73-79). In low-Na+ mannitol medium, pH regulation was similar to that observed for lymphocytes in normal medium, whereas mitogen-induced proliferation was severely inhibited in low-Na+ mannitol. In contrast, high-K+, low Na+ medium caused loss of pH homeostasis, whereas it restored the proliferative response. Loss of pH homeostasis was also observed on prolonged exposure of lymphocytes to mitogen (greater than 6 h in culture). However, mitogen stimulation led to little or no change in intracellular pH in the first few hours of cell culture. Therefore, a shift in intracellular pH is not a necessary or general event in mitogen-stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Plant nitrogen uptake and assimilation: regulation of cellular pH homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (15) ◽  
pp. 4380-4392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Feng ◽  
Xiaorong Fan ◽  
Anthony J Miller ◽  
Guohua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
N Source ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
In Cells

Abstract The enzymatic controlled metabolic processes in cells occur at their optimized pH ranges, therefore cellular pH homeostasis is fundamental for life. In plants, the nitrogen (N) source for uptake and assimilation, mainly in the forms of nitrate (NO3–) and ammonium (NH4+) quantitatively dominates the anion and cation equilibrium and the pH balance in cells. Here we review ionic and pH homeostasis in plant cells and regulation by N source from the rhizosphere to extra- and intracellular pH regulation for short- and long-distance N distribution and during N assimilation. In the process of N transport across membranes for uptake and compartmentation, both proton pumps and proton-coupled N transporters are essential, and their proton-binding sites may sense changes of apoplastic or intracellular pH. In addition, during N assimilation, carbon skeletons are required to synthesize amino acids, thus the combination of NO3– or NH4+ transport and assimilation results in different net charge and numbers of protons in plant cells. Efficient maintenance of N-controlled cellular pH homeostasis may improve N uptake and use efficiency, as well as enhance the resistance to abiotic stresses.

Mechanisms of intracellular pH regulation during postischemic reperfusion of diabetic rat hearts

Diabetes ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Khandoudi ◽  
M. Bernard ◽  
P. Cozzone ◽  
D. Feuvray
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Intracellular Ph Regulation ◽  
Postischemic Reperfusion ◽  
Rat Hearts

CPX, a selective A1-adenosine-receptor antagonist, regulates intracellular pH in cystic fibrosis cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. C226-C233 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Casavola ◽  
R. J. Turner ◽  
C. Guay-Broder ◽  
K. A. Jacobson ◽  
O. Eidelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
A1 Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Adenosine Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane

The selective A1-adenosine-receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX), has been reported to activate Cl- efflux from cystic fibrosis cells, such as pancreatic CFPAC-1 and lung IB3 cells bearing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator(delta F508) mutation, but has little effect on the same process in cells repaired by transfection with wild-type cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (O. Eidelman, C. Guay-Broder, P. J. M. van Galen, K. A. Jacobson, C. Fox, R. J. Turner, Z. I. Cabantchik, and H. B. Pollard. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 5562-5566, 1992). We report here that CPX downregulates Na+/H+ exchange activity in CFPAC-1 cells but has a much smaller effect on cells repaired with the wild-type gene. CPX also mildly decreases resting intracellular pH. In CFPAC-1 cells, this downregulation is dependent on the presence of adenosine, since pretreatment of the cells with adenosine deaminase blocks the CPX effect. We also show that, by contrast, CPX action on these cells does not lead to alterations in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. We conclude that CPX affects pH regulation in CFPAC-1 cells, probably by antagonizing the tonic action of endogenous adenosine.

scholarly journals The landscape of alternative polyadenylation in single cells of the developing mouse embryo

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Agarwal ◽  
Sereno Lopez-Darwin ◽  
David R. Kelley ◽  
Jay Shendure
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Alternative Polyadenylation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Untranslated Regions ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Translation Rate ◽  
Dynamic Landscape

Abstract3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs) post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA stability, localization, and translation rate. While 3′-UTR isoforms have been globally quantified in limited cell types using bulk measurements, their differential usage among cell types during mammalian development remains poorly characterized. In this study, we examine a dataset comprising ~2 million nuclei spanning E9.5–E13.5 of mouse embryonic development to quantify transcriptome-wide changes in alternative polyadenylation (APA). We observe a global lengthening of 3′ UTRs across embryonic stages in all cell types, although we detect shorter 3′ UTRs in hematopoietic lineages and longer 3′ UTRs in neuronal cell types within each stage. An analysis of RNA-binding protein (RBP) dynamics identifies ELAV-like family members, which are concomitantly induced in neuronal lineages and developmental stages experiencing 3′-UTR lengthening, as putative regulators of APA. By measuring 3′-UTR isoforms in an expansive single cell dataset, our work provides a transcriptome-wide and organism-wide map of the dynamic landscape of alternative polyadenylation during mammalian organogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document