scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Nickel Content of the Normal Human Prostate Gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zaichick
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
High Data ◽  
Ni Content

Introduction: The prostate gland is subject to various disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases remain not well understood. Moreover, despite technological advancements, the differential diagnosis of prostate disorders has become progressively more complex and controversial. It was suggested that the nickel (Ni) level in prostatic tissue plays an important role in prostatic carcinogenesis and its measurement may be useful as a cancer biomarker. These suggestions promoted more detailed studies of the Ni content in the prostatic tissue of healthy subjects. Materials and methods: The present study evaluated by systematic analysis the published data for Ni content analyzed in prostatic tissue of “normal” glands. This evaluation reviewed 1889 studies, all of which were published in the years from 1921 to 2020 and were located by searching the databases Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, ELSEVIER-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. The articles were analyzed and “Median of Means” and “Range of Means” were used to examine heterogeneity of the measured Ni content in prostates of apparently healthy men. Results: The objective analysis was performed on data from the 20 studies, which included 743 subjects. It was found that the range of means of prostatic Ni content reported in the literature for “normal” gland varies widely from 0.030 mg/kg to 4.50 mg/kg with median of means 0.625 mg/kg on a wet mass basis. Conclusion: Because of small sample size and high data heterogeneity, we recommend other primary studies be performed.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE CHROMIUM CONTENT OF THE NORMAL HUMAN PROSTATE GLAND

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
ZAICHICK V
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
High Data ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
Data Heterogeneity

The prostate gland is subject to various disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases remain not well understood. Moreover, despite technological advancements, the differential diagnosis of prostate disorders has become progressively more complex and controversial. It was suggested that the chromium (Cr) level in prostatic tissue plays an important role in prostatic carcinogenesis and its measurement may be useful as a cancer biomarker. These suggestions promoted more detailed studies of the Cr content in the prostatic tissue of healthy subjects. The present study evaluated by systematic analysis the published data for Cr content analyzed in prostatic tissue of “normal” glands. This evaluation reviewed 1958 studies, all of which were published in the years from 1921 to 2020 and were located by searching the databases PubMed, Scopus, ELSEVIER-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. The articles were analyzed and “Median of Means” and “Range of Means” were used to examine heterogeneity of the measured Cr content in prostates of apparently healthy men. The objective analysis was performed on data from the 28 studies, which included 1282 subjects. It was found that the range of means of prostatic Cr content reported in the literature for “normal” gland varies widely from 0.009 mg/kg to 0.34 mg/kg with median of means 0.095 mg/kg on a wet mass basis. The level of intra-prostatic metal does not depend on age and androgen status. Finally, because of small sample size and high data heterogeneity, we recommend other primary studies be performed.

A Systematic Review of the Aluminum Content of the Normal Human Prostate Gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Al Content ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Heterogeneity

The prostate gland is subject to various disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases remain not well understood. Moreover, despite technological advancements, the differential diagnosis of prostate disorders has become progressively more complex and controversial. It was suggested that the aluminum (Al) level in prostatic tissue plays an important role in prostatic carcinogenesis and its measurement may be useful as a cancer biomarker. These suggestions promoted more detailed studies of the Al content in the prostatic tissue of healthy subjects. The present study evaluated by systematic analysis the published data for Al content analyzed in prostatic tissue of “normal” glands. This evaluation reviewed 1981 studies, all of which were published in the years from 1921 to 2020 and were located by searching the databases Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, ELSEVIER-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. The articles were analyzed and “Median of Means” and “Range of Means” were used to examine heterogeneity of the measured Al content in prostates of apparently healthy men. The objective analysis was performed on data from the 25 studies, which included 1190 subjects. It was found that the range of means of prostatic Al content reported in the literature for “normal” gland varies widely from 0.89 mg/kg to mg/kg with median of means 29.0 mg/kg on a wet mass basis. Finally, because of small sample size and high data heterogeneity, we recommend other primary studies be performed.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Antimony Content of the Normal Human Prostate Gland

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zaichick
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Antimony Content ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Heterogeneity

The prostate gland is subject to various disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases remain not well understood. Moreover, despite technological advancements, the differential diagnosis of prostate disorders has become progressively more complex and controversial. It was suggested that the antimony (Sb) level in prostatic tissue plays an important role in prostatic carcinogenesis and its measurement may be useful as a cancer biomarker. These suggestions promoted more detailed studies of the Sb content in the prostatic tissue of healthy subjects. The present study evaluated by systematic analysis the published data for Sb content analyzed in prostatic tissue of “normal” glands. This evaluation reviewed 1998 studies, all of which were published in the years from 1921 to 2020 and were located by searching the databases PubMed, Scopus, ELSEVIER-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. The articles were analyzed and “Median of Means” and “Range of Means” were used to examine heterogeneity of the measured Sb content in prostates of apparently healthy men. The objective analysis was performed on data from the 23 studies, which included 1173 subjects. It was found that the range of means of prostatic Sb content reported in the literature for “normal” gland varies widely from 0.0066 mg/kg to 0.071 mg/kg with median of means 0.0085 mg/kg on a wet mass basis. Because of small sample size and high data heterogeneity, we recommend other primary studies be performed.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Zinc Concentrations in the Prostate Fluid of Normal and Inflamed Gland

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zaichick ◽  
Sofia Zaichick
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Prostatic Fluid ◽  
Zn Concentration

Background and objective: the prostate gland is subject to various disorders and of them chronic prostatitis (CP) is a complex disease. Various studies indicate some discrepancies regarding zinc (Zn) levels in prostatic fluid of normal and inflamed glands. The present study evaluated by systematic analysis the published data for Zn levels analyzed in expressed prostatic fluid (EPF) of normal and inflamed glands. Methods: The present systematic analysis included 25 studies, all of which were published in the years from 1961 to 2018 and selected by searching the databases Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, ELSEVIER-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. The articles were analyzed and “Median of Means” and “Range of Means” were used to examine heterogeneity of Zn concentrations in two groups of subjects – apparently healthy men “N” and patients with prostatitis “P”. Moreover, using the ratios of prostatic fluid Zn in “P” group to prostatic fluid Zn in “N” group (ZnP/ZnN) obtained (or calculated by us) in the reviewed studies, “Median of Means” and “Range of Means” for these ratios were found. The objective analysis was performed on data from the 25 studies, with total 285 subjects in “P” group and more than 900 subjects in “N” group. Results: The range of means of Zn concentration reported in the literature for normal EPF varies widely from 47.1 mg/L to 825 mg/L with median of means 501 mg/L. The range of means of Zn concentration for EPF of untreated prostatitis varies also widely from 56 mg/L to 491 mg/L, with median of means 268 mg/L. Thus, the obtained median of means for Zn concentration in normal human prostatic fluid is about two times higher than median of mean values of the element content in EPF of inflamed prostate. In other words, the analysis of 25 studies with discordant data regarding prostatic fluid concentration of Zn demonstrated that there is a significantly diminished concentration of Zn in EPF of patients with prostatitis compared to controls. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between lowered Zn concentrations in prostatic fluid and prostatitis, but because of small sample size and high data heterogeneity, we recommend other primary studies.

scholarly journals Treatment strategies for cerebrospinal shunt infections: a systematic review of observational studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e038978
Author(s):  
Joan L Robinson ◽  
Dolores Freire ◽  
Liza Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Csf Shunt ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Shunt Infections

ObjectiveA systematic review was conducted of studies comparing time to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sterilisation or rate of recurrence with different treatment strategies for CSF shunt infections.MethodsA librarian-directed search was conducted of Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid Medline Daily and Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Wiley Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text via EBSCOhost, Scopus Advanced Search, and Web of Science Core Collection from 1990 to May 2019. Studies of any design that compared outcomes in groups of any age with different management strategies were included. Studies that compared complete versus incomplete shunt removal were excluded. Quality assessment was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsThe search identified 2208 records, of which 8 met the inclusion criteria. All were cohort studies of moderate quality. Four studies compared the duration of antibiotics; none demonstrates that a longer course prevented recurrences. Two studies analysed addition of rifampin, with one showing a decrease in recurrences while the other had a small sample size. No studies analysed the addition of intraventricular antibiotics, but one showed equally good results with once versus twice daily administration. One study reported no difference in recurrences with placement of antibiotic-impregnated catheters. Recurrence rates did not differ with shunt replacement minimum of 7 days vs less than 7 days after CSF became sterile. There were no recurrences in either group when shunt replacement was performed after sterile CSF cultures were obtained at 24 vs 48 hours after antibiotics were discontinued. A new shunt entry site did not decrease recurrences.DiscussionThe main limitations are the lack of high-quality studies, the small sample sizes and the heterogeneity which precluded meta-analysis. Addition of rifampin for staphylococcal infections may decrease relapse but requires further study.

scholarly journals Increased risk of liver-related outcomes in chronic hepatitis B patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khin Naing Thin ◽  
Andrew Tran ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Eunice Yewon Lee ◽  
Hongli Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) may present increased risk of liver-related outcomes (LROs) but prior studies were limited by small sample size and/or conflicting results. Using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach, we aimed to determine the association between MetS and LROs in CHB. Methods: Two researchers independently screened studies from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to January 21, 2020 and extracted the data. Estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. Results: We screened 2,228 articles and included 10 eligible studies (18,360 CHB patients, 2,557 with MetS). MetS was significantly associated with LROs overall (OR=2.45, 95%CI=1.39-4.32) but not the individual LRO components but subgroup analyses were limited by small study numbers. Discussion/Conclusion: MetS is associated with almost 3 folds higher risk of LROs in CHB and should be considered in management decisions. However, additional studies are needed.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamins C and E supplementation onHelicobacter pylorieradication: a meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1632-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guogang Li ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
Chaohui Yu ◽  
Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Eradication Rate ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Vitamins C and E can act as potent antioxidants to reduce the damage caused by reactive oxygen species in gastric mucosa. Whether vitamin supplements forHelicobacter pylorieradication regimen could improve the rate of eradication remains uncertain. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of vitamins C and E supplementation for the eradication ofH. pylori. Searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and addressed the clinical questions of this analysis were further assessed. Of the six RCT included, five had a low methodological quality. Of the six RCT, three compared the efficacy of the eradication regimenv.eradication regimen plus vitamins C and E. The result of the meta-analysis showed a non-significant difference in the eradication rate ofH. pyloribetween the two groups (risk ratio (RR) 0·93,P = 0·76). Another three RCT compared the eradication regimenv.eradication regimen plus vitamin C only, and there too there was no significant difference in the eradication rate (RR 0·83,P = 0·32). In conclusion, vitamins C and/or E supplements to theH. pylorieradication regimen could not improve the eradication rate. However, currently available data do not draw a definitive conclusion about the effectiveness of antioxidant vitamins onH. pylorieradication, owing to the small sample size and low-to-moderate methodological quality.

scholarly journals Yoga for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangling Ye ◽  
Zehua Chen ◽  
Zhen Shen ◽  
Guocai Chen ◽  
Xuemeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cochrane Library

Purpose: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a pervasive inflammatory autoimmune disease that seriously impairs human health and requires more effective non-pharmacologic treatment approaches. This study aims to systematically review and evaluate the efficacy of yoga for patients with RA.Methods: Medline (through PubMed), Cochrane Library, EMBASE (through SCOPUS), and Web of Science database were screened through for articles published until 20 July 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of yoga in patients with RA were included. Outcomes measures were pain, physical function, disease activity, inflammatory cytokines, and grip strength. For each outcome, standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.Result: Ten trials including 840 patients with RA aged 30–70 years were identified, with 86% female participants. Meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant overall effect in favor of yoga for physical function (HAQ-DI) (5 RCTs; SMD = −0.32, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.05, I2 = 15%, P = 0.02), disease activity (DAS-28) (4 RCTs; SMD = −0.38, 95% CI −0.71 to −0.06, I2 = 41%, P = 0.02) and grip strength (2 RCTs; SMD = 1.30, 95% CI 0.47–2.13, I2 = 63%, P = 0.002). No effects were found for pain, tender joints, swollen joints count or inflammatory cytokines (i.e., CRP, ESR, IL-6, and TNF-α).Summary: The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that yoga may be beneficial for improving physical function, disease activity, and grip strength in patients with RA. However, the balance of evidence showed that yoga had no significant effect in improving pain, tender joints, swollen joints count, and inflammatory cytokines in patients suffering from RA. Considering methodological limitations, small sample size, and low-quality, we draw a very cautious conclusion in the results of the estimate of the effect. High-quality and large-scale RCTs are urgently needed in the future, and the real result may be substantially different.

scholarly journals The Impact of Breast Cancer on Female Sexuality: An Integrative Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita P Castelo ◽  
Mônica Oliveira B Oriá ◽  
Anne Fayma L Chaves ◽  
Karine C Bezerra ◽  
Ana Fátima C Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to conduct an integrative literature review on the impact of breast cancer (CA) on female sexuality.METHODS: The search was performed online in November 2014 using the following databases: Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) and the Cochrane Library. The search results consisted of 13 articles.SYNTHESIS: Most studies have shown that women have less lubrication and a decrease in desire, which directly affect their quality of life. Moreover, 70% of the articles described limitations of the studies, the most cited of which were as follows: small sample size because of the feeling that participants considered the theme to be embarrassing, the altered emotional state decreased willingness to participate in the study, and the non-participation of husbands in the study reduced the impact on marital intimacy.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that breast cancer has a negative impact on the sexual function of women who are affected by this disease.

scholarly journals BRAF and TERT mutations in papillary thyroid cancer patients of Latino ancestry

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1310-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P Estrada-Flórez ◽  
Mabel E Bohórquez ◽  
Alejandro Vélez ◽  
Carlos S Duque ◽  
Jorge H Donado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Women Studies ◽  
Colombian Women ◽  
Multi Center Study

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the second most commonly diagnosed malignancy in U.S. Latinas and in Colombian women. Studies in non-Latinos indicate that BRAF and TERT mutations are PTC prognostic markers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical associations of BRAF and TERT mutations in PTC Latino patients from Colombia. We analyzed mutations of BRAF (V600E) and TERT promoter (C228T, C250T) in tumor DNA from 141 patients (75 with classical variant PTC, CVPTC; 66 with follicular variant PTC, FVPTC) recruited through a multi-center study. Associations between mutations and clinical variables were evaluated with Fisher exact tests. Survival was evaluated with Kaplan–Meier plots. Double-mutant tumors (BRAF+/TERT+, n = 14 patients) were more common in CVPTC (P = 0.02). Relative to patients without mutations (n = 48), double mutations were more common in patients with large tumors (P = 0.03), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.01), extra-thyroid extension (P = 0.03), and advanced stage (P = 6.0 × 10−5). In older patients, TERT mutations were more frequent (mean age 51 years vs 45 years for wild type TERT, P = 0.04) and survival was lower (HR = 1.20; P = 0.017); however, given the small sample size, the decrease in survival was not statically significant between genotypes. Comparisons with published data in US whites revealed that Colombian patients had a higher prevalence of severe pathological features and of double-mutant tumors (10 vs 6%, P = 0.001). Mutations in both oncogenes show prognostic associations in Latinos from Colombia. Our study is important to advance Latino PTC precision medicine and replicates previous prognostic associations between BRAF and TERT in this population.

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