scholarly journals Identification of Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among Nursing Students during Curricular Clinical Internships: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João Coelho ◽  
Ricardo Magalhães ◽  
Inês Lopes Cardoso ◽  
Cristina Pina ◽  
Maria Pia Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Clinical Exposure ◽  
Clinical Rotations ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the most frequently isolated bacteria in the community and in the hospital environment, being associated with several infections. Healthcare professionals represent a group vulnerable to Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA colonization, therefore being potential disseminators of these microorganisms during their care activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of S. aureus and MRSA nasal colonization among nursing students over the four years of university attendance, including pre-clinical exposure and at different moments during clinical rotations. Samples were collected from students from the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year. The study identified 55.9% MSSA positive samples and 31.4% MRSA positive samples from the total studied population. Simultaneous carriage of MRSA and MSSA was observed in students from all years of the nursing degree, but a highest MSSA colonization (61.5%) was linked to a lower MRSA colonization (30.8%). MRSA colonization seems to be dependent on the type of clinical internship, since the group attending internship in emergency rooms and surgery wards presented a significant increase in the amount of MRSA samples. Nursing students should be educated on the risks involved in carrying S. aureus and MRSA and informed about infection control measures.

scholarly journals 855. Significance of Invasive Infections due to Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in the neonatal population

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S468-S468
Author(s):  
Mariawy Riollano ◽  
Deena Altman ◽  
shanna kowalsky ◽  
Stephanie Pan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
Neonatal Population

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known cause of hospital acquired infections. Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization is a recognized risk factor for invasive infections. The neonatal population in the intensive care unit (NICU) is particularly vulnerable to these types of infections, resulting in high mortality and morbidity. However, only scant data is available to establish the risk for invasive disease in patients with Methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). As a result, surveillance and prevention strategies are only address for MRSA colonization. Here, we describe the clinical characteristics of S. aureus colonized patients identified in late 2018 during transmission events in a single center NICU. As a result of the targeted surveillance investigation for MRSA infection control measures, S. aureus colonization was stratified, and we were able to compare the differences in invasive disease between MRSA and MSSA. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of the 47 colonized patients identified during October 2018- January 2019 SA transmission events in single center NICU. Risk factors, clinical characteristics, and the hospital course of these cases, including the proportion of invasive illness were reviewed. Results We found that most clinical characteristic, risk factors, and hospital course were the same between MRSA and MSSA colonized infants (p values > 0.05). Additionally, there was no difference in the proportion of invasive infection between MRSA and MSSA colonized patients (p value > 0.05). The type of invasive infections identified were SSTI, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis. Conclusion The proportion of invasive infection was the same in MSSA and MRSA colonized patients. This data provides us with supportive material for future recommendations of infection control measures for MSSA colonized patients. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage and Peritonitis by Staphylococcus Aureus in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: A Prospective Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert J.A. Wanten ◽  
Peter Van Oost ◽  
Peter M. Schneeberger ◽  
Marianne I. Koolen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Renal Unit ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Infection Control Measures

Objective To establish whether or not patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using current infection control measures who are nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus are at risk for the development of S. aureus peritonitis. Design A prospective 22-month study analyzing nasal and ski nlnasal (i.e., nasal and/orexit-site)carrier status for S. aureusand peritonitis episodes. Nasal swab cultures for S. aureus were taken with 1 to 3-month intervals; swab cultures from the catheter exit site were taken only when infection was suspected. Setting Renal unit, tertiary-care center. Patients All patients on CAPD at our center that could be observed during at least 2 months. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Nasal and skinlnasal carrier status, occurrence of peritonitis. Results Of 54 enrolled patients, 31 (57%) were nasal carriers for S. aureus: 6 of these 31 developed S. aureus peritonitis as opposed to none of 23 non-carriers (p = 0.03). The S. aureus peritonitis rate in 28 skin/nasal carriers was increased when compared to non-carriers (p = 0.02), but there was no difference between chronic and intermittent skin/nasal carriers (p = 0.63). Conclusions In our population, nasal carriers are at increas ed risk for the development of S. aureusperitonitis. Further studies should evaluate the effect of eradication of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the effect of additional preventive hygienic measures on the occurrence of peritonitis by S. aureus.

The Analysis of the Impact of a Mild, Low-iodine, Lotion Soap on the Reduction of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A New Opportunity for Surveillance by Objectives

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim M. Onesko ◽  
Eugene C. Wienke
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Care Community ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Medical Division ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Teaching

AbstractA significant unremitting increase in the incidence of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in a 500-bed acute care community teaching hospital prompted reevaluation of the efficacy of the infection control measures used. A well-accepted, low-iodine, antimicrobial soap was used to replace a liquid natural handsoap in two areas with the highest incidence of MRSA—the intensive care unit, and a medical division.Over a two-year period, an analysis was made of the effect of soap replacement on nosocomial infections and pathogens. Soap changeover occurred at the midpoint of the two-year period. From year to year, the nosocomial MRSA rate decreased 80% (t test, P=0.005). Other pathogens that demonstrated a dramatic decrease included methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), infections where no pathogens were isolated, and various gram-negative infections. Categories of nosocomial infections that decreased included surgical wound infections, primary bacteremias, and respiratory tract infections. The overall nosocomial infection rate of the two combined areas decreased 21.5%, representing a year-to-year savings of $109,500. As a result, the decision was made to install the low-iodine hand-soap permanently at all sinks within the hospital.

Molecular Characterization ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliaIsolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients and the Hospital Environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Marzuillo ◽  
Maria De Giusti ◽  
Daniela Tufi ◽  
Alessandra Giordano ◽  
Angela Del Cimmuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
And Control

Objectives.To ascertain whether cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are colonized or infected with unique or multiple strains ofStenotrophomonas maltophilia; to understand whether some strains colonize or infect more than 1 patient, indicating clonal spread; and to explore the molecular heterogeneity of hospital water isolates and their correlation with clinical isolates.Setting.The regional CF center of Policlinico “Umberto I” of Rome, Italy.Methods.The study was carried out on a random sample ofS. maltophiliaisolates (n= 110) collected from CF patients (n= 50) during the period 2002–2005 and on 24 water isolates obtained during a monitoring program in the first 6 months of 2005. Home environmental samplings were not performed. All isolates, which were recovered from cultures of specimens obtained in both inpatient and outpatient settings, were genotyped with DNA macrorestriction analysis with the restriction enzymeXbaland pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.Results.One-third of the patients with repeated episodes ofS. maltophiliainfection or colonization hosted more than 1 strain. A potential transmission, defined as the isolation of the same strain in 2 or more patients, occurred 5 times, showing a frequency of potential transmission episodes slightly higher than previously reported. Water, taps, and sinks of the different rooms of the CF center tended to be persistently colonized with the same strain ofS. maltophilia, with no correlation between clinical and water-associated isolates.Conclusions.The study does not provide sufficient data to conclude definitively that isolation of colonized or infected CF patients and control of hospital water systems contamination would be beneficial infection control measures. Epidemiologic analytical studies that correlate the presence ofS. maltophiliawith clinical outcomes are strongly needed.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in veterinary professionals in 2017 in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Neradova ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Helena Zemlickova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
Animal Strains

Abstract Background Cases of colonization or infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequently reported in people who work with animals, including veterinary personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization among veterinary professionals. A total of 134 nasal swabs from healthy attendees of a veterinary conference held in the Czech Republic were tested for presence of MRSA. The stains were further genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Results Nine isolated MRSA strains were characterized with sequence type (ST), spa type (t) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec type. Five different genotypes were described, including ST398-t011-IV (n = 5), ST398-t2330-IV (n = 1), ST398-t034-V (n = 1), ST225-t003-II (n = 1) and ST4894-t011-IV (n = 1). The carriage of the animal MRSA strain was confirmed in 8 cases, characteristics of one strain corresponded to the possible nosocomial origin. Among animal strains were described three spa types (t011, t034, t2330) belonging into one dominating clonal complex spa-CC11. Conclusion According to our results, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in veterinary personnel is 6.72%. Although we described an increase compared to the results of previous study (year 2008), the prevalence in the Czech Republic is still remaining lower than reported from neighboring countries. Our results also indicate that healthcare - associated MRSA strains are still not spread among animals.

Nurses' Fears and Professional Obligations Concerning Possible Human-to-Human Avian Flu

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huey-Ming Tzeng ◽  
Chang-Yi Yin
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Private University ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
H5n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Flu ◽  
Professional Obligations ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
H5n1 Influenza ◽  
Southern Taiwan

This survey aimed to illustrate factors that contribute to nurses' fear when faced with a possible human-to-human avian flu pandemic and their willingness to care for patients with avian flu in Taiwan. The participants were nursing students with a lesser nursing credential who were currently enrolled in a bachelor degree program in a private university in southern Taiwan. Nearly 42% of the nurses did not think that, if there were an outbreak of avian flu, their working hospitals would have sufficient infection control measures and equipment to prevent nosocomial infection in their working environment. About 57% of the nurse participants indicated that they were willing to care for patients infected with avian influenza. Nurses' fear about an unknown infectious disease, such as the H5N1 influenza virus, could easily be heightened to levels above those occurring during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Student nurses’ perceptions of guidance and support in rural hospitals

Curationis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steppies R. Rikhotso ◽  
Martha J.S. Williams ◽  
Gedina De Wet
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Rural Hospitals ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Rural Hospital ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Clinical Exposure ◽  
Clinical Guidance ◽  
Contextual Design ◽  
Professional Nurses

Background: Clinical guidance and support of nursing students in rural hospitals is a challenge for novice nurses, who rotate amongst accredited hospitals throughout the province for clinical exposure, and fid themselves in an unfamiliar environment. Theory learned at the training college is integrated with clinical exposure at hospitals and supplemented through teaching by hospital staff. Nursing students complain about lack of support and guidance from professional nurses within the hospital, some feeling restricted in execution of their nursing tasks by professional nurses and other staff. Students perceived negative attitudes from clinical staff, a lack of clinical resources, inadequate learning opportunities and a lack of support and mentoring during their clinical exposure.Objectives: This article describes perceptions of guidance and support of nursing students by professional nurses in a rural hospital and suggests guidelines for clinical guidance and support of nursing students.Method: A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design was used. Two focus group interviews were employed to collect data from a sample drawn from level II nursing students from one training college in Limpopo Province, South Africa, on different days (n = 13; n = 10). Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse data.Results: Three themes (mutual distrust and disrespect, hospital environment, and clinical guidance and support) and subthemes (student behaviour and staff behaviour) emerged.Conclusion: Failure to support and guide nursing students professionally may lead to high turnover and absenteeism, resulting in students’ refusal to be allocated to a rural hospital for clinical exposure. Proposed guidelines have been formulated for clinical guidance and support of nursing students at the selected rural hospital. The college and hospital management should foster collaboration between the college tutors and professional nurses to ensure adequateguidance and support of nursing students.

Eradication of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus AureusFrom a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit by Active Surveillance and Aggressive Infection Control Measures

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 616-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jad Khoury ◽  
Marilyn Jones ◽  
Autumn Grim ◽  
Wm. Michael Dunne ◽  
Vicky Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Contact Isolation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

AbstractObjectives:To describe an outbreak of hospital-acquired MRSA in a NICU and to identify the risk factors for, outcomes of, and interventions that eliminated it.Setting:An 18-bed, level III-IV NICU in a community hospital.Methods:Interventions to control MRSA included active surveillance, aggressive contact isolation, and cohorting and decolonization of infants and HCWs with MRSA. A case–control study was performed to compare infants with and without MRSA.Results:A cluster of 6 cases of MRSA infection between September and October 2001 represented an increased attack rate of 21.2% compared with 5.3% in the previous months. Active surveillance identified unsuspected MRSA colonization in 6 (21.4%) of 28 patients and 6 (5.5%) of 110 HCWs screened. They were all successfully decolonized. There was an increased risk of MRSA colonization and infection among infants with low birth weight or younger gestational age. Multiple gestation was associated with an increased risk of colonization (OR, 37.5; CI95, 3.9–363.1) and infection (OR, 5.36; CI95, 1.37–20.96). Gavage feeding (OR, 10.33; CI95, 1.28–83.37) and intubation (OR, 5.97; CI95, 1.22–29.31) were associated with increased risk of infection. Infants with MRSA infection had a significantly longer hospital stay than infants without MRSA (51.83 vs 21.46 days;P= .003). Rep-PCR withmectyping and PVL analysis confirmed the presence of a single common strain of hospital-acquired MRSA.Conclusion:Active surveillance, aggressive implementation of contact isolation, cohorting, and decolonization effectively eradicated MRSA from the NICU for 2½ years following the outbreak. (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005;26:616-621)

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