scholarly journals Starbucks and Aristotle

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Anna Buhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
North America ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Social Unity ◽  
Civic Dialogue ◽  
Human Desire

Aristotle argued that democratic participation in decision-making rests on informal encounters between citizens, because these interactions help to build civic friendships. In modern-day North America, the Starbucks corporation has posited itself as a “third place”, a space other than work and home that acts as a theatre for the development of civic friendships. In this essay, I investigate whether visiting Starbucks allows customers to connect to their larger community by providing the opportunity for meaningful social interaction. While Starbucks’ marketing strategies capitalize on the human desire for belonging, its expensive brand succeeds in differentiating citizens by their socioeconomic status, thereby undermining social unity. Furthermore, the environment in Starbucks stores emphasize experiences of personal pleasure rather than the enjoyment of community, as evidenced by the lack of authentic civic dialogue occurring within these spaces. As it encourages customers to settle for less than the formation of civic virtue, Starbucks’ commodification of community may challenge the flourishing of contemporary democracy.

How Should We Educate Students Whose Cultures Frown upon Rational Disputation?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
Rational Argumentation

`How should public education in democratic states deal with the cultural diversity brought about by contemporary globalization? My suggestion is that key to democratic public education is the obligation to foster in students the skills and abilities, and attitudes and dispositions, needed to participate fully in democratic decision-making. Of central importance are the abilities and dispositions required for critical thinking and rational argumentation: evaluating arguments of others, constructing arguments of one’s own that might rationally persuade one’s fellow citizens, etc. Without these abilities and dispositions, full participation in democratic decision-making is impossible. But fostering them is problematic when students are members of cultures in which argumentation is frowned upon. In this paper I address this tension, and argue that while respecting cultural differences is of the first importance, in democracies it cannot override the requirements of democracy itself. When these two clash, the requirements of democratic participation must take precedence.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being: Testing Alternative Sociological Interpretations

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
William McTeer ◽  
James E. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Zero ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between physical activity in sport and feelings of well-being, testing alternative interpretations of the relationship between these two variables. It was expected that there would be positive relationships between physical activity on the one hand and physical fitness, feelings of well-being, social interaction in the sport and exercise environment, and socioeconomic status on the other hand. It was also expected that physical fitness, social interaction, and socioeconomic status would be positively related to psychological well-being. Further, it was expected that any positive zero-order relationship of physical activity and well-being would be at least in part a result of the conjoint effects of the other variables. The analyses were conducted separately for the male and female subsamples of a large survey study of Canadian adults. The results, after controls, show a modest positive relationship of physical activity and well-being for males but no such relationship for females. The predicted independent effects of the control factors obtained for both males and females. Interpretations of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals An Individual Housing-Based Socioeconomic Status Measure Predicts Advance Care Planning and Nursing Home Utilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Barwise ◽  
Young J. Juhn ◽  
Chung-Il Wi ◽  
Paul Novotny ◽  
Carolina Jaramillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Advance Directives ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Multiple Variables

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of disparities in health care and may play a role in end-of-life care and decision-making. The SES is difficult to retrospectively abstract from current electronic medical records and data sets. Objective: Using a validated SES measuring tool derived from home address, the HOUsing-based SocioEconomic Status index, termed HOUSES we wanted to determine whether SES is associated with differences in end-of-life care and decision-making. Design/Setting/Participants: This cross-sectional study utilized a cohort of Olmsted County adult residents admitted to 7 intensive care units (ICUs) at Mayo Rochester between June 1, 2011, and May 31, 2014. Measurements: Multiple variables that reflect decision-making and care at end of life and during critical illness were evaluated, including presence of advance directives and discharge disposition. The SES was measured by individual housing-based SES index (HOUSES index; a composite index derived from real property as a standardized z-score) at the date of admission to the ICU which was then divided into 4 quartiles. The greater HOUSES, the higher SES, outcomes were adjusted for age, 24-hour Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score, sex, race/ethnicity, and insurance. Results: Among the eligible 4134 participants, the addresses of 3393 (82%) were successfully geocoded and formulated into HOUSES. The adjusted odds ratios comparing HOUSES 1 versus 2, 3, and 4 demonstrated lower likelihood of advance directives −0.77(95% CI: 0.63-0.93) and lower likelihood of discharge to home −0.60(95% CI: 1.0.5-0.72). Conclusion: Lower SES, derived from a composite index of housing attributes, was associated with lower rates of advance directives and lower likelihood of discharge to home.

scholarly journals Retention or defection? Chinese consumers’ decision-making styles for domestic and global brands

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
S. Y. Tzeng ◽  
W. M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
High Price ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Global Brands ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Foreign Brands ◽  
Sports Shoes

This study explores consumers’ decision-making in terms of intention to switch to foreign brands from domestic brands when purchasing cell phones and sports shoes. A survey of 584 undergraduates in Guangdong, China, shows that domestic brands retain their low quality-conscious, low fashion-and-recreational-conscious and low price-conscious customers and attract low brand-conscious and high choice-confused buyers from foreign brands. Foreign brands typically retain their consumers who are highly conscious of fashion and recreation and keep and draw customers with low choice confusion. High-price-conscious consumers and those who are highly brand-confused will assess foreign and domestic brands when searching for bargains. Regarding managerial implications, local brands should offer products of high quality at low pricesand constantly invest in R&D; foreign brands may expand their customer bases and build interactive brand channels; all companies can retain brand-confused customers with preferential packages and design their marketing strategies based on decision-making styles of their target consumers.

I processi decisionali come rituali di interazione: giochi di faccia e interazione sociale in un gruppo politico di maggioranza

2009 ◽  
pp. 31-53
Author(s):  
Mariangela De Gregorio ◽  
Gerardo Patriotta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Town Council ◽  
Interaction Dynamics ◽  
Coherent Image ◽  
Interaction Order ◽  
Impression Management Tactics

- This paper proposes a view of decision making as a social interaction process. Drawing on Goffman's face theory, it documents and interprets the micro interaction dynamics within the ruling political coalition of an Italian town council. Two main arguments are put forward. First, decision making unfolds through face games and impression management tactics where individuals are primarily concerned with attributing plausible sense to situations while maintaining a coherent image of self. Second, face-to-face behavior has structuring properties. It generates an interaction order amongst the participants that becomes progressively consolidated as the actors in- volved strive to affirm their respective situated identities through repeated face-to-face exchanges. A number of organizational implications are drawn from the study.Keywords: Decisional process, face game, interaction's ritual.

Law Matters

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Bailey ◽  
Forrest Maltzman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Stare Decisis ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Strict Interpretation ◽  
Commerce Clause

Building on the theoretical model of Chapter 3, this chapter seeks to assess whether “law” affects judicial decisions independently of policy preferences. Numerous legal doctrines may shape judicial decision-making, including stare decisis, originalism, plain meaning, the promotion of democratic participation, and doctrines with regard to specific elements of the Constitution such as the Bill of Rights or the commerce clause. The chapter concentrates on three legal doctrines (stare decisis, strict interpretation of the Constitution, and judicial restraint) that are both prominent and clearly more likely to play a role in structuring decision-making on some cases than on others. These doctrines are not necessarily canons of jurisprudence that are universally shared; they are principles that are widely acknowledged in the legal world as appropriately influencing constitutional interpretation.

The Rationality of Dumping

2014 ◽  
pp. 359-367
Author(s):  
Mauricio Garita
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Market Game ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Rational Decision Making

Central America is an interesting region for developing business, and its proximity to South and North America makes the isthmus a strategic region for growth. Guatemala is seen as an emerging economy with the capacity for growth and expansion. The cement industry is now one of the most competitive industries in Central America and has expanded to different countries in the region. However, this was not the case in 1999 when the Mexican Firm Cruz Azul entered via a price predation strategy into the Guatemalan market. Game theory demonstrates the advantage of price predation and the rational decision-making behind the strategy, and also demonstrates that a business smaller than its competitors can win a price predation battle by cooperating. The analysis is based on the dissertation by Garita (2008).

Islamic Marketing

2015 ◽  
pp. 130-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Sarofim ◽  
Ahmed Tolba
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Consumer Behaviors ◽  
Islamic Politics ◽  
Political Associations ◽  
Ultimate Objective

The ultimate objective of this chapter is to provide a new conceptualization that encompasses Islam as a religion, Islamic culture, and Islamic politics to provide both academicians and practitioners with a multidimensional understanding of interrelated factors in Islamic marketing. It illustrates how cultural factors and political associations intersect with Islamic teachings and rules to shape the Muslim consumer behaviors and decision-making process; consequently, business and marketing strategies aimed at targeting Muslim consumers are either threatened or reinforced.

Semantics, conceptual role

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned Block
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Procedural Semantics ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Conceptual Role Semantics ◽  
Conceptual Role

According to conceptual role semantics (CRS), the meaning of a representation is the role of that representation in the cognitive life of the agent, for example, in perception, thought and decision-making. It is an extension of the well-known ‘use’ theory of meaning, according to which the meaning of a word is its use in communication and, more generally, in social interaction. CRS supplements external use by including the role of a symbol inside a computer or a brain. The uses appealed to are not just actual, but also counterfactual: not only what effects a thought does have, but what effects it would have had if stimuli or other states had differed. Of course, so defined, the functional role of a thought includes all sorts of causes and effects that are non-semantic, for example, perhaps happy thoughts can bolster one’s immunity, promoting good health. Conceptual roles are functional roles minus such non-semantic causes and effects. The view has arisen separately in philosophy (where it is sometimes called ‘inferential’ or ‘functional’ role semantics) and in cognitive science (where it is sometimes called ‘procedural semantics’).

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