scholarly journals Russian Cinema in the Free-Market Realm

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Stojanova
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Central Planning ◽  
The Political ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Social Economist ◽  
Great Transformation ◽  
Russian Cinema ◽  
Breaking Work

RUSSIAN CINEMA IN THE FREE-MARKET REALM: STRATEGIES FOR SURVIVAL For a motto of this article I would like to paraphrase the title of Werner Herzog's 1974 film Jeder für sich und Gott gegen alle(1) (Every Man for Himself and God Against All) to read: Every Director for Himself and the Free Market Against All. The Hungarian-born social economist and philosopher Karl Polanyi provides a useful theoretical framework for the current situation in post-Communist national cinemas. In his ground-breaking work The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (1944) he critiques the inherent tendency of an all powerful market to subordinate and manipulate society. His famous dictum "laissez-faire was planned, central planning was not" rings more true today on the basis of post Communist experience, than at the time he wrote his book between the wars.(2) Polanyi has consistently warned against the dangers of separation...

scholarly journals Karl Polanyi og utopien om det fri marked - en introduktion til Karl Polanyis The Great Transformation

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Christian O. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Free Market ◽  
World Order ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Master Narrative ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Great Transformation

This article offers the first comprehensive introduction to Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation (TGT) from 1944 written in Danish. Relatively unnoticed by the time of its publication, TGT has since received widespread attention, especially after the rise of economic globalisation and neo-liberal policies. The thesis of TGT is that the great wars and crisis of Western civilization in the 20th century should be seen against the backdrop of the 19th century’s liberal civilisation. Polanyi argues that the attempt to create a liberal, free market world order was crucial for the later breakdown of Western civilization. Polanyi’s concept of a ‘double movement’ traces the historical dialectic between the creation of free markets, and the reactions against these. Central to the legacy of Polanyi is his concept of ‘embeddedness’, which has become a key concept in economic sociology. Whereas before 19th century liberal civilization, economic relationships and markets were ‘embedded’ in social relationships, 19th century ‘liberal utopia’ was an attempt to embed societies into markets. In this ‘master narrative’ of Western civilization, Polanyi traces the historical trajectory of the market, its intellectual history, and its historical significance. The article introduces mainthemes of TGT and the reception of TGT. At the end, it briefly sketches a ‘Polanyian’ account of the world financial crisis of 2008.

Chronicle of a Death Foretold? Thinking About Sovereignty, Expertise and Neoliberalism in the Light of Brexit

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (S1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntina Tzouvala
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Great Transformation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

“The true nature of the international system under which we were living was not realised until it failed.”Karl PolanyiThe Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (1944)There is a certain degree of irony in writing about Brexit for a law journal- a read put together, hosted and read mostly, if not exclusively, by ‘experts’. The irony lies in the fact that the outcome of the UK referendum on the EU was, amongst other things, a rejection of experts; or rather, of current mobilizations of expertize and the political allegiances of a large number of experts. Despite this irony, or precisely because of it, I will reflect on three interrelated questions that, in my mind, determined the content and outcome of this historic referendum. First, I will discuss the discourse of ‘sovereignty’ and ‘control’ at the centre of the Leave campaign. Secondly, I will focus on the role of expertize and (technocratic) knowledge both in the construction of the European project and in the revolt against it. Finally, I will argue that given neoliberal hegemony and its heavily unequal distributive outcomes, revolts against contemporary structures of power, both national and inter/supranational are to be expected. Therefore, the question for progressive lawyers is how to mobilize our expertise so that these revolts do not become the exclusive playing terrain of the extreme right with unforeseen consequences.

scholarly journals Europe and problems of marketization: from Polanyi to Scharpf

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
European Level ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Great Transformation ◽  
Zero Sum

The author uses the theory of the 'Great Transformation' of the industrialisation of England developed by Karl Polanyi to describe the current situation in Europe. There is a strong marketisation of the economy and also of social life, but what is missing is the social policy that needs to accompany this process, if there are not to be major problems. From this perspective marketization and social policy do not exist in a zero-sum game, but are mutually dependent. The emphasis on negative rather than positive integration (to use the terms conceived by Fritz Scharpf) in the development of Europe makes this interdependence more difficult to achieve. The division of competences between the European level (market policies) and the nation states (social policies) makes this situation even worse. The only way forward is a strengthening of the European social dimension.

scholarly journals Talking to Walls: The Socialist Calculation Debate that Never Really Was One

2018 ◽  
pp. 339-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brecht L. Arnaert
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Central Planning ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Calculation ◽  
Socialist Calculation Debate ◽  
Fundamental Challenge ◽  
Political Left ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Socialist Economist ◽  
Straw Men

In his book «Socialism, Economic calculation and Entrepreneur-ship» Dr. Jesus Huerta de Soto (2010) gives an account of the his-tory of the socialist calculation debate, in which he shows very clearly why the political left today still believes a socialist econ-omy is possible. The popular wisdom in those circles, namely, is that in 1936, Oskar Lange (Lange, October 1936: 53–71 & February 1937) succeeded in refuting Mises’ claim that central planning could not work because the information that is needed to draw up such plans can only be generated in a free market. This paper wants to show that nothing could be further from the truth: Lange never answered Mises’ fundamental challenge, nor was there any other socialist economist that has been able to refute his central argument. A lot of straw men died, but Mises’ funda-mental argument lives.  

Religion and the Construction of a Christian Roman Polity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-113
Author(s):  
Francesco Rotiroti
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Theories Of Religion ◽  
Ancient Christianity

This article seeks to define a theoretical framework for the study of the relation between religion and the political community in the Roman world and to analyze a particular case in point. The first part reviews two prominent theories of religion developed in the last fifty years through the combined efforts of anthropologists and classicists, arguing for their complementary contribution to the understanding of religion's political dimension. It also provides an overview of the approaches of recent scholarship to the relation between religion and the Roman polity, contextualizing the efforts of this article toward a theoretical reframing of the political and institutional elements of ancient Christianity. The second part focuses on the religious legislation of the Theodosian Code, with particular emphasis on the laws against the heretics and their performance in the construction of the political community. With their characteristic language of exclusion, these laws signal the persisting overlap between the borders of the political community and the borders of religion, in a manner that one would expect from pre-Christian civic religions. Nevertheless, the political essence of religion did also adapt to the ecumenical dimension of the empire. Indeed, the religious norms of the Code appear to structure a community whose borders tend to be identical to the borders of the whole inhabited world, within which there is no longer room for alternative affiliations; the only possible identity outside this community is that of the insane, not belonging to any political entity and thus unable to possess any right.

Indian Muslim(s) After Liberalization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Economic Changes

Close to the turn of the century and almost 45 years after Independence, India opened its doors to free-market liberalization. Although meant as the promise to a better economic tomorrow, three decades later, many feel betrayed by the economic changes ushered in by this new financial era. Here is a book that probes whether India’s economic reforms have aided the development of Indian Muslims who have historically been denied the fruits of economic development. Maidul Islam points out that in current political discourse, the ‘Muslim question’ in India is not articulated in terms of demands for equity. Instead, the political leadership camouflages real issues of backwardness, prejudice, and social exclusion with the rhetoric of identity and security. Historically informed, empirically grounded, and with robust analytical rigour, the book tries to explore connections between multiple forms of Muslim marginalization, the socio-economic realities facing the community, and the formation of modern Muslim identity in the country. At a time when post-liberalization economic policies have created economic inequality and joblessness for significant sections of the population including Muslims, the book proposes working towards a radical democratic deepening in India.

The Military Post-Mugabe

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-188
Author(s):  
Godfrey Maringira
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Military

This article argues that, through the coup, the military has become more visible in national politics in post-Mugabe Zimbabwe. The current situation under President Mnangagwa marks a qualitative difference with the military under Mugabe’s rule. Currently, in now being more prominent, the military is politics and is the determinant of any political transition that may be forthcoming in Zimbabwe. However, if it deems it necessary, the military accommodates civilian politicians into politics in order to ‘sanitize’ the political landscape in its own interests. Simultaneously, despite their involvement in the coup, ordinary soldiers feel increasingly marginalized under Mnangagwa’s government.

Imperial Presidency and the Neo-patrimonialization of Disorder in post-Authoritarian Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77
Author(s):  
Adeniyi S. Basiru
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Imperial Presidency ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Presidential Democracies ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Public Disorder

The president and the network of offices that are linked to him, in modern presidential democracies, symbolize a neutral state that does not meddle in order-threatening political struggles. It however seems that this liberal ideal is hardly the case in many illiberal democracies. Against this background, this article examines the presidential roots of public disorder in post-military Nigeria. Drawing on documentary data source and deploying neo-patrimonial theory as theoretical framework, it argues that the presidency in Nigeria, given the historical context under which it has emerged as well as the political economy of neo-patrimonialism and prebendalism that has nurtured it, is a central participant in the whole architecture of public disorder. The paper recommends, among others, the fundamental restructuring of the Nigerian neo-colonial state and the political economy that undergird it.Keywords: Imperial Presidency; Neo-patrimonialism; Disorder; Authoritarianism; Nigeria.

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