scholarly journals The weaponized Gulf riyal politik(s) and shifting dynamics of the global arms trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Soubrier
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The Political ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Important Shift

This article considers the politics and economics of arms trade in the Persian Gulf from the perspective of the importers, rather than the usual focus on the exporters. It analyses the purposes that weapons purchases have served over the last three decades for three of the most important Middle Eastern arms importers—the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar. This shows an increasingly blurred divide between the political, economic and strategic dimensions of the arms trade. It suggests an important shift in the relations between the arms client/importing states, supplier/exporting states, and defense industrial companies.

scholarly journals The Changing Security Dynamics of the Persian Gulf

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
Regional Landscape ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Rapid Emergence

The contradictory trends of the ‘post-Arab Spring’ landscape form both the backdrop to, and the focus of, this volume on the changing security dynamics of the Persian Gulf, defined as the six GCC states plus Iraq and Iran. The political and economic upheaval triggered by the uprisings of 2011, and the rapid emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria in 2014, have underscored the vulnerability of regional states to an intersection of domestic pressures and external shocks. The initial phase of the uprisings has given way to a series of messy and uncertain transitions that have left societies deeply fractured and ignited violence both within and across states. The bulk of the protests, with the notable exception of Bahrain, occurred outside the Gulf region, but Persian Gulf states were at the forefront of the political, economic, and security response across the Middle East. This volume provides a timely and comparative study of how security in the Persian Gulf has evolved and adapted to the growing uncertainty of the post-2011 regional landscape.

SAUDI ARABIA'S ECONOMIC POLICY AMID GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
K. V. TIMAKHOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Global Uncertainty ◽  
Further Development

The events that took place in the first half of 2020 once again demonstrated how countries in the modern globalizing world are interdependent and interconnected: what is happening in one part of the planet inevitably affects other states, regardless of their geographical position. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is no exception. The crisis that arose because of the outbreak of the coronavirus infection hit the country’s infant economic system, disrupting the government’s ambitious plans to modernize and transform the kingdom. In this connection, it is of great scientific interest to study changes in the internal political course of the monarchy of the Persian Gulf, consider and analyze feasible scenarios for the further development of the country.

scholarly journals The circulation of the Persian Gulf: a numerical study

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kämpf ◽  
M. Sadrinasab
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Mass Properties ◽  
Inverse Estuary ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Abstract. We employ a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (COHERENS) to study the circulation and water mass properties of the Persian Gulf, which is a large inverse estuary. Our findings suggest that the Persian Gulf experiences a distinct seasonal cycle in which a Gulf-wide cyclonic overturning circulation establishes in spring and summer, but this disintegrates into mesoscale eddies in autumn and winter. Establishment of the Gulf-wide circulation coincides with establishment of thermal stratification and strengthening of the baroclinic exchange circulation through the Strait of Hormuz. The latter is associated with winter cooling of extreme saline (>45 psu) water in shallow regions along the coast of United Arab Emirates. To validate the model results, we present a detailed comparison with observational evidence.

An Era of Transition

2010 ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Yaron Harel
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leadership And Organization ◽  
The Persian Gulf

This chapter examines the Jewish minority in Syria in 1840, when the Damascus affair took place and ended when economic disaster overtook Damascus Jewry. It highlights profound changes in Ottoman imperial rule and society in Syria from 1840, when Ottoman rule was reinstated. It also analyses shifts in Jewish society against the broad background of the political, social, and economic changes that took place in Syria. The chapter looks at the difference between the Jewish communities of Damascus and Aleppo with regard to social structure, economic endeavour, communal leadership and organization, and education. It recounts Jewish merchants in both Damascus and Aleppo in 1840 that engaged in international trade via the camel caravans that travelled between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea.

Networks around entrepreneurs: gendering in China and countries around the Persian Gulf

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Gjedssø Bertelsen ◽  
Shayegheh Ashourizadeh ◽  
Kent Wickstrøm Jensen ◽  
Thomas Schøtt ◽  
Yuan Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Purpose Entrepreneurs are networking with others to get advice for their businesses. The networking differs between men and women; notably, men are more often networking for advice in the public sphere and women are more often networking for advice in the private sphere. The purpose of this study is to account for how such gendering of entrepreneurs’ networks of advisors differs between societies and cultures. Design/methodology/approach Based on survey data from the Global Entrepreneurships Monitor, a sample of 16,365 entrepreneurs is used to compare the gendering of entrepreneurs’ networks in China and five countries largely located around the Persian Gulf, namely Yemen, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. Findings Analyses show that female entrepreneurs tend to have slightly larger private sphere networks than male entrepreneurs. The differences between male and female entrepreneurs’ networking in the public sphere are considerably larger. Societal differences in the relative prominence of networking in the public and private spheres, and the gendering hereof, correspond well to cultural and socio-economic societal differences. In particular, the authors found marked differences among the religiously conservative and politically autocratic Gulf states. Research limitations/implications As a main limitation to this study, the data disclose only the gender of the entrepreneur, but not the gender of each advisor in the network around the entrepreneur. Thus, the authors cannot tell the extent to which men and women interact with each other. This limitation along with the findings of this study point to a need for further research on the extent to which genders are structurally mixed or separated as entrepreneurs network for advice in the public sphere. In addition, the large migrant populations in some Arab states raise questions of the ethnicity of entrepreneurs and advisors. Originality/value Results from this study create novel and nuanced understandings about the differences in the gendering of entrepreneurs’ networking in China and countries around Persian Gulf. Such understandings provide valuable input to the knowledge of how to better use the entrepreneurial potential from both men and women in different cultures. The sample is fairly representative of entrepreneur populations, and the results can be generalized to these countries.

Sovereign Wealth Funds in the Persian Gulf States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gawdat Bahgat
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The period from early 2000s to 2014 witnessed unprecedented and sustained high oil prices transforming the main oil and gas exporters in the Persian Gulf into major players in global finance. The Islamic Republic of Iran and the six GCC member states (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) have been using these massive oil revenues to assert their economic and political leverage on the regional and international scene. A key component of this effort has been the creation of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs). This chapter examines the SWFs in Iran and the GCC states. It includes discussion of the emergence and evolution of the oil and gas industry in the region, analysis of the sharp drop in oil prices since 2014 and how this cycle is different from previous ones, and detailed examination (based on limited data availability) of Iran’s and the GCC’s major SWFs.

The establishment of the East India Company Residency at Baghdād, 1798–1806

1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Yapp
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
East India Company ◽  
British Government ◽  
British Policy ◽  
Political Agent ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Important Shift

The establishment of a British political agent at Baghdad marked an important shift in British policy in the area of the Persian Gulf. It underlined the changing interest from trade to politics, the recognition of the strategic problem of Indian defence, and the assertion by the British Government in India of a policy towards the Ottoman Empire which was in contrast to that of the Government in England. During the period of office of the first Resident, Harford Jones, these changes were but dimly perceived through the fog of personal feuds which surrounded him. None the less these feuds did ultimately reflect significant divisions about policy.

Authoritarianism, Civil Society and Democracy in the Middle East: Mass Media in the Persian Gulf

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Kazemi ◽  
Augustus Richard Norton
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The published literature on the topic of “Authoritarianism, Civil Society, and Democracy in the Middle East” is extensive and unwieldy. Partly due to space constraints, we propose to review the topic under six framing questions and then provide a selected and representative bibliography at the end.The ideas of political reform and democracy are often the mainstay of debates within Middle Eastern polities. In general, there is ample awareness of democracy deficit and poor governance in the region. Democracy refers most basically to the ability of citizens to hold their governments accountable, and to change their political leaders at regular intervals. Instead, accountability to the public is generally weak in the region, and rulers are more likely to change as a result of actuarial realities than a withdrawal of public confidence.

scholarly journals Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Louise Gormley ◽  
David Armani
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
White House ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Page Book

With the noble aims of conflict resolution and peace building, Lawrence G.Potter and Gary G. Sick have compiled an excellent collection of essays on“the war without winners” (p. 2). This remarkable publication, Iran, Iraq,and the Legacies of War, adds to Potter and Sick’s series of co-edited bookson Middle Eastern issues, namely, The Persian Gulf at the Millennium:Essays in Politics, Economy, Security, and Religion (Palgrave Macmillan:1997) and Security in the Persian Gulf: Origins, Obstacles, and the Searchfor Consensus (Palgrave Macmillan: 2002). Potter and Sick are two prominentscholars of international affairs at Columbia University. During theCarter presidency, Sick served as the principal White House aide for Iran onthe National Security Council. (Sick is well-known for his exposé All FallDown: America’s Tragic Encounter with Iran [Random House: 1985]).This 224-page book was written in the cautiously hopeful belief thatthe time has come for reconciliation to begin. It contains nine chapters plusPotter and Sick’s helpful introduction, which contextualizes the futile warthat shook the world. The Iran-Iraq war was one of the longest and costliestconventional wars of the twentieth century. Although the number ofcasualties is still in dispute, an estimated 400,000 were killed and perhaps700,000 were wounded on both sides (p. 2). The Economist commentedthat “this was a war that should never have been fought … neither sidegained a thing, except the saving of its own regime. And neither regime wasworth the sacrifice” (p. 2) ...

The Port of Qanaʾ, a Junction between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Davidde
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
The Web

South Arabian kingdoms based their wealth and power on agriculture and the export of incense and other aromatics so much appreciated in the ancient world. After Aelius Gallus’ campaign against Arabia Felix in 25–24 BC, Roman trade by sea with the region greatly increased compared to the overland caravan routes. This chapter summarizes the political situation in Arabia Felix in those times through the analysis of archaeological, historical, and numismatic evidence and focuses on the harbours and mooring places along the Yemenite and Omani coasts. Italian underwater research at Qanaʾ discovered the ancient anchorage, with ceramics dating between the first and the end of the sixth century AD, with a higher percentage before the fourth century AD. Typological and petrological study suggests the close involvement of the Arabian Peninsula in the web of trade routes that connected the Roman world via the Red Sea with India, and the Persian Gulf.

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