scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Extracts of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pneumoniae

BioResources ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Vainio-Kaila ◽  
Aino Kyyhkynen ◽  
Lauri Rautkari ◽  
Anja Siitonen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antibacterial Effects

scholarly journals Pharmacodynamics of RWJ-54428 against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis in a Neutropenic Mouse Thigh Infection Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Griffith ◽  
David Rodriguez ◽  
Erik Corcoran ◽  
Michael N. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Dosing Interval ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy

ABSTRACT RWJ-54428 (also known as MC-02,479) is a new cephalosporin with promising activity against gram-positive bacteria. The pharmacodynamics (PDs) of RWJ-54428 against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis were studied in a neutropenic mouse thigh infection model. The RWJ-54428 MICs ranged from 0.25 to 1 mg/liter. Mice with ca. 106 CFU/thigh at the initiation of therapy were treated intraperitoneally with RWJ-54428 at doses that ranged from 3 to 1,200 mg/kg of body weight/day (in 2, 3, 4, 6, or 12 divided doses) for 24 h. The maximal reductions in bacterial counts in thigh tissues at 24 h for the methicillin-resistant S. aureus, penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, and E. faecalis strains were −2.8, −3.8, and −1.7 log10 CFU/thigh, respectively. The percentage of a 24-h dosing interval that the unbound serum RWJ-54428 concentrations exceeded the MIC (fT > MIC) was the pharmacokinetic (PK)-PD parameter that best described the efficacy of RWJ-54428. The fT > MICs for a bacteriostatic effect (no net change in the numbers of CFU/thigh over 24 h) ranged from 14 to 20% for staphylococci and streptococci; for maximal reductions in the numbers of CFU/thigh, the fT > MICs ranged from 22 to 36% for these strains. For E. faecalis, the ranges of fT > MICs for static and maximal effects were 30 to 46% and 55 to 60%, respectively. These data show that treatment with RWJ-54428 results in marked antibacterial effects in vivo, with the PK-PD parameters for efficacy being comparable to those for the efficacy of penicillins and carbapenems active against staphylococci and pneumococci.

The In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus robur L. Methanolic and Aqueous Leaves’ Extracts, from the Algerian High Plateaus Against some Uropathogenic Microbial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
E. Benyagoub ◽  
N. Nabbou ◽  
S. Boukhalkhel ◽  
I. Dehini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Microbial Strains

The medicinal value of the plants is due to their chemical components that bring a definite physiological action on the human body to prevent the diseases. In this work, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of leaves’ extracts of Quercus robur L., collected from the Algerian upper highlands, on ten bacterial strains and one fungal strain known to be pathogenic. First, we performed a qualitative phytochemical analysis, and second, antimicrobial activity tests performed by agar diffusion method (disc and well) with the determination of MIC by broth macro-dilution method. Given the results, it appears that obtained macerates of Quercus robur L. were rich in bioactive phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, and other components. The yield of aqueous and methanolic macerates of leaves was 8.5 ± 1.41 and 22.4 ± 4.36%, respectively. The bacterial resistance was relatively important to several antibiotics, namely, ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid for strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. However, Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, and oxacillin; while Enterococcus faecalis was resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, oxacillin, and ticarcillin. The antibacterial activity of the macerates toward tested microbial strains showed that the aqueous and methanolic macerates of the leaves were proportional to the tested concentration and active not only against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also on the fungal species Candida albicans. The estimated MIC for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus was in the order of 10 mg/mL, which seems more effective than toward Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans which were in the order of 30 mg/mL. These preliminary results confirm that the part of the studied plant had a very good antimicrobial activity that was proportional to the serial concentrations of the tested extracts.

scholarly journals Urinary Excretion and Bactericidal Activities of Gemifloxacin and Ofloxacin after a Single Oral Dose in Healthy Volunteers

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3524-3530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph K. Naber ◽  
Michaela Hammer ◽  
Martina Kinzig-Schippers ◽  
Christian Sauber ◽  
Fritz Sörgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Cumulative Excretion

ABSTRACT In a randomized crossover study, 16 volunteers (8 men, 8 women) received single oral doses of 320 mg of gemifloxacin and 400 mg of ofloxacin on two separate occasions in the fasting state to assess the urinary excretion and urinary bactericidal titers (UBTs) at intervals for up to 144 h. Ofloxacin showed higher concentrations in urine compared with those of gemifloxacin. The median (range) cumulative excretion of gemifloxacin was 29.7% (8.4 to 48.7%) of the parent drug administered, and median (range) cumulative excretion of ofloxacin was 84.3% (46.5 to 95.2%) of the parent drug administered. The UBTs, i.e., the highest twofold dilutions (with antibiotic-free urine as the diluent) of urine that were still bactericidal, were determined for a reference strain and nine uropathogens for which the MICs of gemifloxacin and ofloxacin were as follows:Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, 0.016 and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0.03 and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively; Proteus mirabilis, 0.125 and 0.125 μg/ml, respectively; Escherichia coli, 0.06 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 and 4 μg/ml, respectively; Staphylococcus aureus, 0.008 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively; Enterococcus faecalis, 0.06 and 2 μg/ml, respectively;Staphylococcus aureus, 0.25 and 4 μg/ml, respectively;Enterococcus faecalis, 0.5 and 32 μg/ml, respectively; and Staphylococcus aureus, 2 and 32 μg/ml, respectively. Generally, the UBTs for gram-positive uropathogens were higher for gemifloxacin than for ofloxacin and the UBTs for gram-negative uropathogens were higher for ofloxacin than for gemifloxacin. According to the UBTs, ofloxacin-resistant uropathogens (MICs, ≥4 mg/liter) should also be considered gemifloxacin resistant. Although clinical trials have shown that gemifloxacin is effective for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, whether an oral dosage of 320 mg of gemifloxacin once daily is also adequate for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections has yet to be confirmed.

scholarly journals Atividade antibacteriana de extratos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4 suppl 3) ◽  
pp. 1142-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.L MIRANDA ◽  
J.A. ROCHA ◽  
K.M. ARAÚJO ◽  
P.V. QUELEMES ◽  
S.J. MAYO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis

RESUMO O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de doenças é uma estratégia antiga utilizada por praticamente todas as populações do mundo, e, embora novos antibióticos tenham sido desenvolvidos para o controle de micro-organismos infecciosos, às vezes são ineficazes. Diversos extratos de plantas medicinais têm efeitos antimicrobianos, principalmente quando associados à antibióticos de uso clínico, representando alternativa terapêutica para doenças infecciosas. Montrichardia linifera, conhecida popularmente como aninga, é espécie macrófita, aquática emergente de hábito herbáceo, pertencente a família Araceae e ocorre em áreas alagáveis. A utilidade farmacológica desta espécie é diversificada tendo sido relatada como cicatrizante, antirreumático, antidiurético e expectorante. Devido à relevância no campo etnofarmacológico, ampla utilização na medicina popular e escassez de trabalhos relacionados à atividade antibacteriana desta espécie, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos alcoólicos de folhas de Montrichardia linifera, coletadas na margem do rio Igaraçu, Parnaíba-PI. O extrato foi testado em oito cepas de bactérias: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de verificação da formação de halos de inibição e determinação das concentrações inibitórias e bactericidas mínimas. Os testes antibacterianos evidenciaram como principais resultados que o extrato metanólico seco (EMS), extrato metanólico fresco (EMF), e o extrato etanólico seco (EES), apresentaram ação antibacteriana, enquanto o extrato etanólico fresco (EEF) não apresentou atividade para as bactérias testadas. O EMS foi o mais eficiente, inibindo o crescimento bacteriano na concentração de 200 μg/mL para E. faecalis, 400 μg/mL para S. aureus, 400 μg/mL para S. epidermidis e 2.000 μg/mL para P. aeruginosa. O EMF obteve CIM de 2.000 μg/mL para E. faecalis e EES obteve CIM de 250 μg/mL para E. faecalis. Os resultados demonstraram que M. linifera constitui fonte eficiente de compostos bioativos antibacterianos. Os estudos sobre as propriedades farmacológicas de plantas da família Araceae são escassos, e os resultados deste trabalho são pioneiros em relação a atividade antibacteriana desta espécie.

scholarly journals Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniaeto Deformylase Inhibitors Is Due to Mutations indefB

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 2432-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Margolis ◽  
Corinne Hackbarth ◽  
Sara Lopez ◽  
Mita Maniar ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Peptide Deformylase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Resistant Mutants

ABSTRACT Resistance to peptide deformylase inhibitors in Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus is due to inactivation of transformylase activity. Knockout experiments in Streptococcus pneumoniae R6x indicate that the transformylase (fmt) and deformylase (defB) genes are essential and that adef paralog (defA) is not. Actinonin-resistant mutants of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 harbor mutations indefB but not in fmt. Reintroduction of the mutated defB gene into wild-type S. pneumoniaeR6x recreates the resistance phenotype. The altered enzyme displays decreased sensitivity to actinonin.

scholarly journals Efeito antimicrobiano do extrato de Cranberry sobre micro-organismos causadores de infecção urinária

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Carla Franco Porto Belmont Souza ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Souza da Silva Irineu ◽  
Renan Silva De Souza ◽  
Renato da Silva Teixeira ◽  
Ivina Sanches Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Mueller Hinton

A resistência microbiana tem se mostrado um problema de proporções mundiais, causando estado de morbidade e mortalidade em diversos pacientes. Em vista disso, tem crescido a busca por métodos alternativos naturais de profilaxia. A investigação clínica sugere que o Extrato de Cranberry está entre as melhores propostas de prevenção natural. O Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) é um fruto que tem crescido comercialmente pelo sabor e propriedades benéficas à saúde. Dentre as formas comercializadas estão: o suco, o chá e as cápsulas contendo o extrato seco. A ação desta planta está relacionada ao tratamento de doenças do trato urinário, por possuir substâncias que inibem a adesão bacteriana ao epitélio do trato urinário, dificultando sua proliferação e reprodução. Dentre todas as infecções relacionadas à assistência a saúde, a Infecção do Trato Urinário é a mais frequentemente associada a procedimentos invasivos. Se não for tratada, pode resultar em complicações como pielonefrite aguda, bacteremia e pionefrose. Portanto, cranberry pode ser uma nova alternativa para o combate das infecções uroepiteliais, por ser um produto natural de preço acessível, e com formas de comercialização diversificada, ao contrário dos antimicrobianos convencionais, que por sua vez são caros e podem acabar causando resistência nos micro-organismos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de Cranberry, adquirido em farmácia de manipulação, sobre 8 micro-organismos isolados de infecções urinárias. As cepas utilizadas, adquiridas da coleção da FIOCRUZ, foram: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marscecens, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium. No estudo, foram utilizados o caldo Mueller Hinton (MH), Extrato de Cranberry e as bactérias patogênicas. O ensaio foi realizado em triplicata, com o uso de um controle de crescimento dos micro-organismos e o experimento para avaliação do crescimento bacteriano na presença do extrato. A turbidez foi medida com o auxílio de um espectrofotômetro, no comprimento de onda de 600 nm, antes e após 24 horas de incubação à 37 ºC. O procedimento forneceu a Densidade Ótica, do qual possibilitou a identificação da inibição microbiana. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Teste t de Student. O Extrato de Cranberry apresentou atividade antimicrobiana sobre as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marscecens e Enterococcus faecalis (p < 0,05), confirmando seu efeito benéfico em infecções urinárias. No entanto, não teve efeito inibitório significativo sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis e Enterococcus faecium (p > 0,05).

scholarly journals Νέες τεχνικές ανάλυσης ειδικών αλληλουχιών DNA και RNA

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Δέσποινα Καλογιάννη
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Haemophilus Influenza

Οι μέθοδοι ανίχνευσης και προσδιορισμού ειδικών αλληλουχιών νουκλεϊκών οξέων βασίζονται στην υβριδοποίηση (μοριακή αναγνώριση) του αναλύτη με συμπληρωματικό μόριο DNA/RNA, το οποίο είναι συνδεδεμένο, άμεσα ή έμμεσα, με κατάλληλο ιχνηθέτη για παραγωγή σήματος. Το φάσμα εφαρμογών των μεθόδων υβριδοποίησης συνεχώς διευρύνεται, κυρίως ως αποτέλεσμα της προόδου των προγραμμάτων προσδιορισμού της αλληλουχίας του γονιδιώματος του ανθρώπου και άλλων οργανισμών. Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι αφενός η ανάπτυξη μεθόδων υβριδοποίησης που παρέχουν τη δυνατότητα ταυτόχρονου προσδιορισμού πολλών αλληλουχιών νουκλεϊκών οξέων και αφετέρου η απλοποίηση των μεθόδων υβριδοποίησης με τη χρήση βιοαισθητήρα DNA. Στο Κεφάλαιο 1 της διατριβής περιγράφεται η αρχή της αλυσιδωτής αντίδρασης πολυμεράσης (PCR) και η αντίστροφη μεταγραφή-PCR (RT-PCR) ως οι πιο σημαντικές τεχνικές εκθετικού πολλαπλασιασμού ειδικών αλληλουχιών DNA και RNA, οι οποίες αποτελούν αναπόσπαστο μέρος κάθε σύγχρονης μεθόδου ανάλυσης νουκλεϊκών οξέων. Παρουσιάζεται επίσης η τεχνική της ποσοτικής PCR και διάφορες μέθοδοι προσδιορισμού των προϊόντων της PCR. Στο Κεφάλαιο 2 γίνεται παρουσίαση των δοκιμασιών υβριδοποίησης νουκλεϊκών οξέων, οι οποίες αποτελούν και τον ακρογωνιαίο λίθο της αναλυτικής χημείας του DNA και RNA. Περιγράφεται η εξέλιξη των ιχνηθετών από τα ραδιοϊσότοπα μέχρι τους πιο σύγχρονους μη ραδιενεργούς ιχνηθέτες που παρέχουν υψηλή ανιχνευσιμότητα και δυνατότητες αυτοματοποίησης. Παρουσιάζονται οι ομογενείς και ετερογενείς δοκιμασίες υβριδοποίησης και διάφορες παραλλαγές που διευκολύνουν την εκτέλεση τους. Στο Κεφάλαιο 3 παρέχεται σύντομη περιγραφή της αρχής λειτουργίας και της οργανολογίας της κυτταρομετρίας ροής, η οποία αποτελεί ένα ισχυρό αναλυτικό εργαλείο για τη διερεύνηση ιδιοτήτων μικροσωματιδίων (π.χ. κυττάρων αλλά και συνθετικών μικροσφαιριδίων). Αντικείμενο του Κεφαλαίου 4 είναι η ανάπτυξη πολλαπλών φθορισμομετρικών δοκιμασιών υβριδοποίησης DNA και RNA σε εναιώρημα φασματικά διακριτών μικροσφαιριδίων πολυστυρενίου. Κάθε μικροσφαιρίδιο περιέχει δύο φθορίζουσες χρωστικές σε συγκεκριμένη αναλογία και με αυτό τον τρόπο έχει καταστεί ένα φασματικά κωδικοποιημένο στερεό υπόστρωμα για την εκτέλεση δοκιμασιών υβριδοποίησης. Ειδικά ολιγονουκλεοτίδια-ανιχνευτές προσδένονται ομοιοπολικά στην επιφάνεια κάθε μικροσφαιριδίου. Η αλληλουχία του DNA- ή RNA-στόχου (αναλύτης) υβριδοποιείται με τα ακινητοποιημένα ολιγονουκλεοτίδια και τα υβρίδια ποσοτικοποιούνται με άλλη φθορίζουσα ουσία. Το εναιώρημα αναλύεται με κυτταρομετρητή ροής με ανιχνευτή φθορισμού επαγώμενου με δύο πηγές λέιζερ. Μελετήθηκε ο προσδιορισμός μονόκλωνου DNA, δίκλωνου DNA και RNA και πραγματοποιήθηκαν πειράματα ανάλυσης γονιδιακής έκφρασης σε ασθενείς με λευχαιμία. Στο Κεφάλαιο 5 παρουσιάζεται ο πρώτος βιοαισθητήρας DNA τύπου εμβαπτιζόμενης ταινίας ξηρών αντιδραστηρίων για την ανίχνευση 7 χρωμοσωμικών αλληλομεταθέσεων, οι οποίες σχετίζονται άμεσα με την οξεία ή τη χρόνια λευχαιμία. Ο βιοαισθητήρας βασίζεται σε ολιγονουκλεοτίδια συζευγμένα με νανοσωματίδια χρυσού και επιτρέπει την ταυτοποίηση των αλληλομεταθέσεων δια γυμνού οφθαλμού, έπειτα από πολλαπλασιασμό με RT-PCR. Σε αντίθεση με τις μέχρι τώρα χρησιμοποιούμενες μεθόδους ανίχνευσης αλληλομεταθέσεων, η ανάλυση με το βιοαισθητήρα είναι απλή, δεν απαιτεί ειδικά όργανα και αποφεύγει πολλά στάδια επωάσεων και εκπλύσεων. Αντικείμενο του Κεφαλαίου 6 της διατριβής είναι η ανάπτυξη μεθόδου υβριδοποίησης DNA για την ταχεία ανίχνευση βακτηριακής επιμόλυνσης σε αρθροπλαστικές επεμβάσεις, ένα σημαντικό πρόβλημα στην ορθοπεδική. Απομονώνεται DNA από δείγματα αρθρικού υγρού, ακολουθεί πολλαπλασιασμός με PCR χρησιμοποιώντας καθολικούς εκκινητές και ανίχνευση των προϊόντων με βιοαισθητήρα DNA. Ανιχνεύονται οι μικροοργανισμοί Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Haemophilus influenza, Enterococcus faesium και Streptococcus pneumoniae. Στο Κεφάλαιο 7 περιγράφεται η εφαρμογή του βιοαισθητήρα DNA για την ανίχνευση γενετικά τροποποιημένων οργανισμών (GMO) σε τρόφιμα. Αν και η παρουσία GMO μπορεί να διαπιστωθεί με ανίχνευση είτε της νέας πρωτεΐνης που συνθέτει το διαγονιδιακό φυτό ή της αλληλουχίας DNA που έχει εισαχθεί σ’ αυτό, το DNA είναι ο προτιμότερος αναλύτης λόγω της μεγαλύτερης σταθερότητάς του, ιδιαίτερα σε επεξεργασμένα τρόφιμα. Χαρακτηριστικές αλληλουχίες DNA που περιέχονται στα περισσότερα GMO, δηλαδή ο προαγωγέας 35S και ο τερματιστής NOS, πολλαπλασιάζονται με PCR και τα προϊόντα ανιχνεύονται με δοκιμασία υβριδοποίησης στο βιοαισθητήρα DNA. Η παρούσα εργασία εισάγει, για πρώτη φορά στο πεδίο της ανάλυσης GMO, έναν βιοαισθητήρα DNA τύπου εμβαπτιζόμενης ταινίας ξηρών αντιδραστηρίων.

scholarly journals FLORAL EXTRACT OF Tibouchina granulosa (DESR.) COGN. PHYTOCHEMISTRY PROSPECTION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Pereira de Menezes Filho ◽  
Matheus Vinícius Abadia Ventura ◽  
Carlos Frederico de Souza Castro
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Positive Results

Tibouchina granulosa is a species that blooms annually in several regions of Brazil. This species is still little explored in terms of phytocompounds in all organs of this plant, especially the floral organ. Flowers of T. granulosa were collected in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, in 2021. The hydroethanolic floral extract was prepared by maceration and qualitative phytochemical (colorimetric reactions and salt formation) and antibacterial analyzes performed and the results expressed in millimeters of inhibition at different concentrations in mg mL-1. Several phytochemical classes were observed with positive results, especially for alkaloids, phenolics, oxylates, saponins, carbohydrates and tannins. As for the bacterial assay, potential antibacterial activity was observed for all bacterial strains tested, except for Salmonella serovar Thyphymurium and serovar Enteritidis. Expressive inhibitions were observed for Enterococcus faecalis > Pseudomonas aeruginosa > Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the highest concentrations between 100-50 mg mL-1. The floral extract of Tibouchina granulosa showed phytotherapeutic potential with the presence of several phytochemical groups and expressive antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Simulated Pediatric Blood Cultures to Assess the Inactivation of Clinically Relevant Antimicrobial Drug Concentrations in Resin-Containing Bottles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Giordano ◽  
Flora Marzia Liotti ◽  
Giulia Menchinelli ◽  
Giulia De Angelis ◽  
Tiziana D’Inzeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bactec Fx

The bacteremia level as well as the administration of antibiotics before blood collection may significantly affect the recovery of bacterial pathogens from pediatric blood cultures in BacT/Alert Virtuo or Bactec FX BC systems, which remain the common techniques to diagnose bacteremia in pediatric patients. We simulated pediatric blood cultures with low or intermediate bacteremia level to evaluate BacT/Alert PF Plus and Bactec Peds Plus blood culture bottles for resin-based inactivation of 16 antibiotic–bacterium combinations. Overall, 105/192 (54.7%) of BacT/Alert PF Plus bottles and 69/192 (36.0%) of Bactec Peds Plus bottles allowed organisms to grow when exposed to antibiotics. In particular, both BacT/Alert PF Plus and Bactec Peds Plus bottles proved to be effective with piperacillin/tazobactam and Pseudomonas aeruginosa or with oxacillin and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (100% growth), whereas no effectiveness was apparent with ceftriaxone and Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, or Streptococcus pneumoniae or with cefepime and E. coli (0% growth). In some relevant instances (e.g., with vancomycin and methicillin-resistant S. aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae), BacT/Alert PF Plus bottles were superior to Bactec Peds Plus bottles. Together, these findings underscore the potentiality of resin-containing bottles to enhance diagnosis of bacteremia in pediatric patients on antimicrobial therapy. This is particularly true with one of the evaluated BC systems and with simulated intermediate bacteremia level only.

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