scholarly journals Potential sustainable biomaterials derived from cover crops

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5641-5652
Author(s):  
Naresh Shahi ◽  
Gautam Joshi ◽  
Byungjin Min
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Onset Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Raman Spectral ◽  
Raman Spectral Analysis

Plant-derived biopolymers are renewable and readily available, thus making viable alternatives to synthetic polymers. The present study examined properties of biopolymers from cover crops such as rye, oat, clover, vetch, and barley, which were grown organically in a greenhouse. The yields of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of the cover crops were calculated based on the dry weight. Structural variations and thermal properties of the isolated cellulose were characterized and compared with commercial cellulose using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The average yield percentages of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were 19 to 27%, 9 to 25%, and 1.42 to 4.86%, respectively. The FTIR and Raman spectral analysis indicated that the isolated cellulose had similar peaks and patterns to commercial cellulose, and confirmed the removal of non-cellulosic constituents. The onset decomposition temperature occurred at 270 °C in all samples. Interestingly, the maximum degradation temperature beyond 370 °C in cellulose was isolated from black oat, which was higher than commercial cellulose (350 °C). The findings of this research suggest that cellulose isolated from cover crops may be a benefit to the polymer industry in the development of bio-based materials such as biofuels, bio-composites, and biomedical devices.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of N-Substituted Polyether-Block-Amide Copolymers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Jyun-Yan Ye ◽  
Kuo-Fu Peng ◽  
Yu-Ning Zhang ◽  
Szu-Yuan Huang ◽  
Mong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Phenyl Isocyanate ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Melt Polycondensation ◽  
Structural Regularity

A series of N-substituted polyether-block-amide (PEBA-X%) copolymers were prepared by melt polycondensation of nylon-6 prepolymer and polytetramethylene ether glycol at an elevated temperature using titanium isopropoxide as a catalyst. The structure, thermal properties, and crystallinity of PEBA-X% were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. In general, the crystallinity, melting point, and thermal degradation temperature of PEBA-X% decreased as the incorporation of N-methyl functionalized groups increased, owing to the disruption caused to the structural regularity of the copolymer. However, in N-acetyl functionalized analogues, the crystallinity first dropped and then increased because of a new γ form arrangement that developed in the microstructure. After the cross-linking reaction of the N-methyl-substituted derivative, which has electron-donating characteristics, with poly(4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), the decomposition temperature of the resulting polymer significantly increased, whereas no such improvements could be observed in the case of the electro-withdrawing N-acetyl-substituted derivative, because of the incompleteness of its cross-linking reaction.

Crystal Growth, Spectral, Thermal and Optical Properties of Phthalic Anhydride (PA) Single Crystal

2012 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Janarthanan ◽  
Y.C. Rajan ◽  
R. Sugaraj Samuel ◽  
S. Pandi
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Phthalic Anhydride ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Organic Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fundamental Wavelength ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Raman Spectral ◽  
Raman Spectral Analysis

ABSTRACT Organic single crystal of Phthalic Anhydride (PA) was successfully grown by slow evaporation method. The structure of the grown crystal was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. FT-IR, and FT-Raman spectral analysis of the crystalline samples reveal that the crystalline sample consists of all functional groups. The placement of protons was identified from H1-NMR spectral analysis. UV-Visible and photoluminescence spectral analyses were carried out for the grown crystals. The thermal behavior was studied with TGA-DTA analyses. The existence of second harmonic generation (SHG) signal was observed using Nd:YAG laser with a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. Keywords: Organic crystals, NLO crystals

Allelopathic Influence of Germinating Seeds and Seedlings of Cover Crops on Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda L. Hoffman ◽  
Leslie A. Weston ◽  
John C. Snyder ◽  
Emilie E. Regnier
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Allelopathic Interference ◽  
Radicle Length

Bioassays using binary mixtures that included a cover crop with known allelopathic potential and a weed species were employed to determine the importance of allelopathy compared to resource competition as interference mechanisms. Responses of weed species germinated with cover crops in a petri dish were measured. Interference between weed and cover crop seedlings was determined in a greenhouse experiment using the additive design, which included partitions to reduce above- and below-ground competition and used capillary mat subirrigation to control moisture and fertilizer availability. Germinating sorghum reduced radicle length of weeds, whereas germinating rye tended to increase weed radicle length. Methods limited above-ground competition, so likely interference mechanisms were below-ground competition and allelopathy. Germination with a cover crop had little effect on germination and shoot length of weeds. Increased density of rye but not of sorghum reduced growth of barnyardgrass seedlings. Reduced number of barnyardgrass leaves in the presence of rye was likely due to allelopathy. Suppression of barnyardgrass dry weight attributed to allelopathic interference by rye was successfully separated and compared to the combined effects of competition and allelopathy.

Single-Cell Raman Spectral Analysis of Oxygenated and Deoxygenated Thalassemia Erythrocytes

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2854-2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
陈秀丽 Chen Xiuli ◽  
王桂文 Wang Guiwen ◽  
尹晓林 Yin Xiaolin ◽  
刘军贤 Liu Junxian ◽  
姚辉璐 Yao Huilu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Raman Spectral ◽  
Raman Spectral Analysis

scholarly journals Biosourced Polysaccharide-Based Superabsorbents

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
Ludovic Llanes ◽  
Pascal Dubessay ◽  
Guillaume Pierre ◽  
Cédric Delattre ◽  
Philippe Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Industrial Demand ◽  
Agriculture Water

In the last decades, many studies have been conducted on new materials to meet a growing industrial demand and to move scientific research forward. Superabsorbents are good examples of materials that have generated special attention in many fields for their ability to absorb and retain water up to 1000 times of their dry weight. They found many applications in hygiene products and other products, for a fast growing market of USD 9.58 Billion in 2019. Most of them are composed of synthetic polymers, which are often not environmentally friendly. Therefore, natural superabsorbents and particularly those based on polysaccharides have received a recent increased interest for their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and renewability. This review focuses on polysaccharide-based superabsorbents, on their properties, synthesis methods, and characterization. Their potential applications in many fields, such as biomedical and hygiene, agriculture, water treatment, and the building sector, are also reported with an interest in products already marketed.

scholarly journals Agro-economic yield of taro clones in Brazil, propagated with different types of cuttings, in three crop seasons

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-798
Author(s):  
NESTOR A. HEREDIA ZARATE ◽  
MARIA C. VIEIRA ◽  
LUCIANE A. TABALDI ◽  
DANILO A. HEREDIA VIEIRA ◽  
ROSIMEIRE P.G. JORGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Different Types

The experimental studies were conducted in 2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 crop seasons, in order to know the agro-economic yield of 'Chinês' and "Macaquinho" taro clones, propagated using huge, extra, large, medium, small and tiny cormels. The harvest was done on average on 202 days after planting, in three crop seasons. Based on the joint analysis of variance carried out, it was observed that taro clones showed significant differences in the yield of fresh and dry weight of leaves, cormels, and commercial and non-commercial comels; besides, there were significant differences in yield of a crop season to another and the size of the cuttings induced significant differences in yield. In the conditions that the experiments were conducted, and considering the highest average yield of fresh weight of commercial cormels (28.69 t.ha-1) and highest net income (US $14,741.14) correspondent to the three crop seasons, it is recommended to cultivate 'Macaquinho' clone using small cuttings in propagation.

scholarly journals Silicate Melt Inclusions in Diamonds of Eclogite Paragenesis from Placers on the Northeastern Siberian Craton

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Shatsky ◽  
Dmitry Zedgenizov ◽  
Alexey Ragozin ◽  
Viktoriya Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Melt Inclusions ◽  
Silicate Melt ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Cooling Stage ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
New Findings ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Raman Spectral ◽  
Raman Spectral Analysis ◽  
Primary Melt

New findings of silicate-melt inclusions in two alluvial diamonds (from the Kholomolokh placer, northeastern Siberian Platform) are reported. Both diamonds exhibit a high degree of N aggregation state (60–70% B) suggesting their long residence in the mantle. Raman spectral analysis revealed that the composite inclusions consist of clinopyroxene and silicate glass. Hopper crystals of clinopyroxene were observed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopic analyses; these are different in composition from the omphacite inclusions that co-exist in the same diamonds. The glasses in these inclusions contain relatively high SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O and, K2O. These composite inclusions are primary melt that partially crystallised at the cooling stage. Hopper crystals of clinopyroxene imply rapid cooling rates, likely related to the uplift of crystals in the kimberlite melt. The reconstructed composition of such primary melts suggests that they were formed as the product of metasomatised mantle. One of the most likely source of melts/fluids metasomatising the mantle could be a subducted slab.

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