Evaluation of Opuntia ficus-indica potential as a natural coadjuvant for vinasse treatment

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6031-6056
Author(s):  
Crisel A. Mejía-Rivas ◽  
Ana M. Bailón-Salas ◽  
Luis A. De la Peña-Arellano ◽  
María D. J. Rodríguez-Rosales ◽  
Luis A. Ordaz-Díaz

Agro-industrial waste is generated in large quantities, producing negative environmental impacts. For instance, in the distillation process of vinasses, up to 15 L are produced per alcohol produced. Therefore, it is necessary to search for ecological alternatives. Biological treatments are not recommended because vinasses contain compounds, such as melanoidins, which exert inhibitory activity against microorganisms. Thanks to this activity, melanoidins could be removed, recovered, and become a value-added product. In this study, Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) mucilage, a natural biopolymer as coadjuvant, was used to improve the coagulation-flocculation process in the treatment of real samples of mezcal vinasses, after evaluating the individual effect of aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride. It was possible to eliminate 90% of color using ferric chloride, showing better removals than aluminum sulfate. However, the effect of ferric chloride plus OFI mucilage generated an adverse effect because the removal was under 17%. The individual effect of ferric chloride for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was 28%. This removal was improved by the addition of OFI mucilage, as it was able to increase removal to 84%. The natural coadjuvant was shown to be effective in the COD removal in the treatment of mezcal vinasse using the coagulation-flocculation process.

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonalika Sonal ◽  
Astha Singh ◽  
Brijesh Kumar Mishra

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the performance of a novel coagulant, i.e. ZrOCl2, for the removal of anthraquinone-based reactive dye from aqueous solution. An ideal experimental setup was designed based on central composite design using response surface methodology to determine the individual and interactive effects of different operational variables (i.e. pH, coagulant dose and dye concentration) on treatment performance in terms of dye and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. Total 92.58% dye and 85.33% COD removal were experimentally attained at optimized conditions at low coagulant dose, i.e. 156.67 mg/L for the dye concentration of 105.67 mg/L at pH 2. To validate the working pH of the metal coagulant, the static charge of ZrOCl2 was measured using Eh value. The performance of the coagulant was validated with experimental and predicted values in the selected data set, and R2 values for both responses were found to be 0.99 and 0.95 respectively, which shows the reliability of the experimental design. Further, the toxicity of the coagulant was assessed and no such toxicity was found even up to the concentration of 500 mg/L, proclaiming the disposal of sludge may not exhibit any threat to humans. Experimental results suggested that the ZrOCl2 could be used as an eco-friendly coagulant for dye wastewater treatment.


Author(s):  
Gilberto Jesús Colina Andrade ◽  
Sedolfo Carrasquero ◽  
Amelia Segovia ◽  
Gabriela Zambrano ◽  
Altamira Díaz

  Los efluentes industriales ocasionan graves impactos ambientales, su adecuado tratamiento y su posterior reutilización contribuye a un consumo sostenible del agua. En esta investigación se evaluó la efectividad de la bentonita (BT) como clarificante y se comparó con los coagulantes químicos tradicionales: sulfato de aluminio (SA) y cloruro férrico (CF) durante el tratamiento de los efluentes de un complejo industrial alimentario. Este estudio se llevó a cabo utilizando aguas residuales provenientes de industrias manufactureras de harina de trigo y pastas localizada en San Francisco, Venezuela. La caracterización del efluente se realizó mediante la medición de los parámetros: demanda bioquímica de oxígeno, demanda química de oxígeno, alcalinidad total, sólidos totales, sólidos suspendidos totales, sólidos sedimentables, color real, pH y turbidez. Los tratamientos se ejecutaron a través de corridas exploratorias con dosis que oscilaron entre 0 y 400 mg/L. El experimento se condujo con un diseño que toma muestras al azar y aplica tres tratamientos (SA, CF y BT), usando el equipo de la prueba de jarra, para reproducir las condiciones de una planta de tratamiento. Las dosis óptimas que permitieron obtener porcentajes de remoción de 98, 90 y 98% para el color y 92, 93 y 97% para la turbidez, fueron 260, 200 y 40 mg/L para el SA, CF y BT, respectivamente. Existieron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos realizados, siendo la bentonita dosificada en húmedo la que arrojó las mayores remociones y generó un efluente que cumplió con la normativa venezolana vigente para descargas en cuerpos de agua.   Palabra clave: tratamiento fisicoquímico, aguas residuales industriales, bentonita, cloruro férrico, sulfato de aluminio.   Abstract Industrial effluents cause serious environmental impacts, proper treatment and subsequent reuse for multiple uses contributes to sustainable water consumption, which is why it is necessary to apply treatments to improve the conditions of the effluent. The effectiveness of bentonite (BT) as a clarifying agent was evaluated and compared with chemical coagulants: aluminum sulfate (AS) and ferric chloride (FC) by a physicochemical treatment of coagulation-flocculation in effluents of a food industrial complex. This study was carried out using wastewater from a manufacturing industrial complex of wheat flour and pastas. Wastewater characterization was performed by measuring the parameters: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5,20), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total alkalinity, total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS), settleable solids (SS), true colour, pH and turbidity. The treatments were carried out by conducting exploratory runs with doses of coagulants ranging between 0 and 300 mg/L. The experiment was conducted by using a completely randomized design with a total of three treatments (SA, CF y BT) and the jar test equipment, which reproduces the treatment plant conditions. Optimal doses obtained for the clarifying agents were 260, 200, and 40 mg/L, for a removal of 98, 90, and 98% for colour and 92, 93, and 97% for turbidity, respectively. There were significant differences between the treatments performed, being the wet bentonite the one that produced the highest elimination percentages. The effluent quality obtained from the treatments fulfilled the Venezuelan standards for discharge in water bodies.   Keywords: physicochemical treatment, coagulation, industrial wastewater, effluent, bentonite, ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e41910212474
Author(s):  
Gilmar dos Santos ◽  
Joel Marques da Silva ◽  
Javier Alonso Villegas-Aragón ◽  
Silvanio Silvério Lopes da Costa ◽  
Joel Alonso Palomino-Romero

Wastewater from guava juice production was treated by two electrochemical processes: Electroflotation (EF) and Electrocoagulation (EC). Using Box-Behnken experimental design, these processes were optimized in order to find the values of treatment time, initial pH and current density that lead to the maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. Aluminum electrodes were used in EC treatment and an iron cathode and a ruthenium dioxide / titanium dioxide anode were applied in EF treatment. EC treatment resulted in maximum COD removal of 60%, when treating the wastewater for 40 minutes, with initial pH 4.5 and current density of 35 A/m2. On the other hand, EF only removed 25% of the wastewater COD (treatment time 40 minutes, initial pH 7.0 and current density 45 A/m2). Aluminum sulfate addition improved the wastewater conductivity, lowering electricity consumption rates. Moreover, the treatment combining EF and this chemical coagulant lead to better results than the ones found when using EF alone.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7388
Author(s):  
Karolina Drężek ◽  
Joanna Kozłowska ◽  
Anna Detman ◽  
Jolanta Mierzejewska

2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is an alcohol with a rosy scent and antimicrobial activity, and therefore, it is widely used in the food and cosmetic industries as an aroma and preservative. This work was aimed to draw up a technology for 2-PE bioproduction on whey permeate, which is waste produced by the dairy industry, rich in lactase and proteins. Its composition makes it a harmful waste to dispose of; however, with a properly selected microorganism, it could be converted to a value-added product. Herein, two yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus strains and one Kluyveromyces lactis, isolated from dairy products, were tested for 2-PE production, firstly on standard media and then on whey permeate based media in batch cultures. Thereafter, the 2-PE bioproduction in a continuous system in a 4.8 L bioreactor was developed, and subsequently, the final product was recovered from culture broth. The results showed that the yield of 2-PE production increased by 60% in the continuous culture compared to batch culture. Together with a notable reduction of chemical oxygen demand for whey permeate, the present study reports a complete, effective, and environmentally friendly strategy for 2-PE bioproduction with a space-time yield of 57.5 mg L−1 h−1.


2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Marina Anatolevna Mefodeva ◽  
Gulnara Firdusovna Valieva

Abstract The relevance of the investigated problem is caused by the increased attention to the issues of a healthy lifestyle among students in Russia. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle, taking into account the individual interests and preferences of students can be embodied not only in the class but also in the framework of elective programs and courses, that are targeted on a healthy lifestyle. The authors reveal approaches, principles and pedagogical conditions for having a healthy lifestyle in the framework of training in educational institutions. The issues of bad habits influence the development and formation of a value attitude to a healthy lifestyle are considered.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghwan Cha ◽  
Jung-In Lee ◽  
Panpan Dong ◽  
Xiahui Zhang ◽  
Min-Kyu Song

A novel strategy for the oxidation of Mg-based intermetallic compounds using CO<sub>2</sub> as an oxidizing agent was realized via simple thermal treatment, called ‘CO2-thermic Oxidation Process (CO-OP)’. Furthermore, as a value-added application, electrochemical properties of one of the reaction products (carbon-coated macroporous silicon) was evaluated. Considering the facile tunability of the chemical/physical properties of Mg-based intermetallics, we believe that this route can provide a simple and versatile platform for functional energy materials synthesis as well as CO<sub>2</sub> chemical utilization in an environment-friendly and sustainable way.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-393
Author(s):  
L. M. Gunina ◽  
◽  
Kazys Mylashyus ◽  
Voitenko V. L. ◽  
◽  
...  

Under high-intensity loads, the athlete's bodies take place a number of biochemical reactions and physiological processes that can lead to hyperbilirubinemia. The factors that can initiate the onset of this phenomenon include the syndrome of micro-damage muscle, violation of the integrity of erythrocyte membranes, decreased blood pH, malnutrition and increase oxygen demand of the body. Degree of expression of manifestations of physiological bilirubinemia depends on the level of adaptation of the athlete to the physical activities offered. Hyperbilirubinemia in athletes can be one of the components of the deterioration of the functional state, forming the symptoms of endogenous intoxication. The relevance of this problem in sport lies in the relatively low detection rate of hyperbilirubinemia due to the lack of regular screening studies. However, in drawing up a plan of nutritional- metabolic support for training and competitive activity and recovery measures, must not only the individual reaction of the athlete body to physical activity, but also the severity of shifts in the indicators of bilirubin metabolism and their ratio. The article describes the reasons for the increase in bilirubin levels, which can be caused by both the effect of physical activity and by the presence of pathological processes in athletes. The factors influencing the blood serum’s bilirubin content are also highlighted, which include the state of erythrocyte cell membranes and the rate of hemoglobin destruction, the functional state of the liver, the specifics of physical loads and the use of ergogenic pharmacological agents by athletes. Particular accent has been placed on the illumination of hereditary hyperbilirubinemias, which may have been detected at the stage of selection of athletes. The most common phenomenon is Gilbert's syndrome, which occurs in 2-5% of cases in the general population, is characterized in the clinic by a benign flow and is manifested by episodes of jaundice and an increase in total bilirubin content to moderate values due to indirect. The frequency of detection of hyperbilirubinemias in the population of athletes is 4.68%, among which Gilbert's disease accounts for almost half (48.7%). Conclusion. The work highlighted the pathogenesis and diagnostic algorithm of Gilbert's disease, and also emphasized that its drug prevention and correction in athletes to maintain functional and physical fitness should be carried out taking into account anti-doping rules, which requires upon diagnosis timely receipt of a therapeutic exclusion


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