scholarly journals Influence of selected storage temperatures on wood properties and its biological resistance after the use of methylxanthines

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6231-6243
Author(s):  
Klára Kobetičová ◽  
Martin Böhm ◽  
Jana Nábělková ◽  
Robert Černý
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Stable Temperature ◽  
Biological Attack ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Methylxanthine’s fungicidal properties were investigated, with attention to the temperature of treatment. Caffeine and theophylline treatments of beech and spruce woods were applied for three months in the temperature range of -20 to 40 °C, simulating potential weather conditions in the European region and temperatures specific for various wood applications (cellars, wine cellars, room indoor temperatures, interior trusses). Effects of the selected temperatures were considered without the influence of the other possible factors, which have been considered in previous studies (e.g. effects of temperature in combination with other factors such as UV radiation, humidity, and chemical or biological degradation). Then, the specimens were exposed to a mix of molds and fungi for three months under controlled laboratory conditions in order to analyze a possible subsequent biological attack. The results did not show any effect of temperature of the methylxanthine treatment within the studied range on the organismal activity. Caffeine exhibited a better protective potential than theophylline and was more effective for spruce than for beech. The results indicated the suitability of caffeine for protection of spruce and spruce-based materials in interior applications at a stable temperature without significant effects of UV and humidity.

scholarly journals Effects of Delays between Harvest and 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment, and Temperature during Treatment, on Ripening of Air-stored and Controlled-atmosphere-stored Apples

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2096-2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Watkins ◽  
Jacqueline F. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Treatment Delay ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Storage Type ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

The effects of temperature during 1-MCP treatment, and the effects of delays of up to 8 d after harvest before treatment, have been investigated using `Cortland', `Delicious', `Jonagold', and `Empire' (normal and late harvest) apple [(Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] cultivars stored in air for 2 and 4 months and in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage for 4 and 8 months. Fruit were treated with 1 μL·L–1 1-MCP for 24 hours on the day of harvest (warm) or after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 days at cold storage temperatures. CA storage was established by day 10. Little effect of temperature during treatment (warm fruit on the day of harvest compared with cold fruit after 24 hours of cooling) was detected. Major interactions among cultivars, handling protocols before 1-MCP treatment, storage type and length of storage were observed. Delays of up to 8 days before 1-MCP treatment either did not affect efficacy of treatment, or markedly reduced it, depending on cultivar, storage type and length of storage. The results indicate that, depending on cultivar, the importance of minimizing the treatment delay increases as storage periods increase.

Effects of Temperature on the Emulsification in Surfactant-Water-Oil Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 2773-2780
Author(s):  
Yin-Quan Yuan ◽  
Xian-Wu Zou ◽  
Ping-Fan Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Molecular Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Active Temperature

The effect of temperature on the emulsification has been investigated by discontinuous molecular dynamic simulation. When a large oil drop is put in water, on one hand the mixing entropy makes it divide into small oil drops; on the other hand the interactions among particles drives the small oil drops fowards aggregation. The evolution of the mean size of oil drops obeys the exponential delay law. There exist an active temperature, at which, the addition of surfactants has obvious effect on the emulsification. The surfactants with low HLB value (e.g. H 1 T 3) make the dispersity of emulsion decrease, and the surfactants with high HLB value (e.g. H 2 T 2 and H 3 T 1) make a contribution to increase the dispersity of emulsion.

Effect of temperature during the synthesis process of CdSe nanoparticles using the colloidal technique

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (63) ◽  
pp. 3389-3395
Author(s):  
R. González-Díaz ◽  
D. Fernández-Sánchez ◽  
P. Rosendo-Francisco ◽  
G. Sánchez-Legorreta
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Electron Cloud ◽  
Cdse Nanoparticles ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
First Results ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this work, the first results of the effects of temperature during the production of Se2- ions and the effect during the interaction of Cd2+ and Se2- ions in the synthesis process of CdSe nanoparticles are presented. The synthesis of CdSe was carried out by the colloidal technique, in the first one we used a temperature of 63 °C to produce Se2- ions and in the second one an interaction temperature of 49 °C. The samples were characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM). From the SEM micrographs it was possible to identify the thorns formation and irregular islands. STM micrographs reveal elliptical shapes with a regular electron cloud profile.

UV ability to inactivate microorganisms combined with factors affecting radiation

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Shaban ◽  
G. E. El-Taweel ◽  
G. H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Dark Repair ◽  
Nile Water

In the present study, the effect of UV radiation on the inactivation of a range of microorganisms was studied. Each organism was seeded into sterile tap water and exposed to UV in batch experiments with changing turbidities. In addition, the effect of UV on microbial communities in river Nile water was examined. It was found that 1min contact time (0.5L/min flow rate) was effective against vegetative cells levels almost reaching zero (except with Staphylococcus aureus). On the other hand, spore-forming bacteria, Candida albicans and coliphage were more resistant to UV. This contact time caused coenobia cells in single form with Scenedesmus obliquus while for Microcystis aeruginosa colonies broke into smaller groups. Exposure of Nile water microbial communities to UV showed that yeasts and Aeromonas survived better than the other organisms while in the phytoplankton partial fragmentation occurred in some algal groups. The protective effect of turbidity differed between organisms, with increased contact time under conditions of stable turbidity having no effect on the organisms. At 20 NTU the UV radiation had no effect on the morphological characters of algal cells. In reactivation experiments, it is clear that photoreactivation, and not dark repair, takes place with bacterial cells. Only coliphage had no photoreactivation and dark repair responses although with coliphage and host, both reactivation processes worked well. Moreover, the irradiated algae regained their normal shape after 3 days in suitable media and enough light.

UV Irradiation of Shell Eggs: Effect on Populations of Aerobes, Molds, and Inoculated Salmonella typhimurium

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUENG-LIN KUO ◽  
JOHN B. CAREY ◽  
STEVEN C. RICKE
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Shell Eggs

The effects were investigated of 254-nm UV radiation on populations of Salmonella typhimurium, aerobes, and molds on the shells of eggs. In the first experiment, the CFU of attached S. typhimurium cells on unwashed clean shell eggs were determined after 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 min of UV treatment (620 μW/cm2) on both ends of the egg. All UV treatments significantly reduced S. typhimurium CFU (P < .01). UVtreatment (620 μW/cm2) in 1-min alternating light and dark cycles for 5 min (three light and two dark) was compared to 0, 3, and 5 min of UV treatment. No significant differences in microbial populations were observed among light and dark cycles and the other UV treatments. In a subsequent experiment, the same UV treatments were utilized to evaluate photoreactivation. After UV exposure, eggs were exposed to 1 h of fluorescent light or I h of darkness or cultured immediately. S. typhimurium CFU were significantly (P < .01) reduced by the UV treatments. However, no significant differences between microbial populations exposed to UV treatment and UV radiation plus photoreactivation were detected. For studies of aerobic bacteria and molds, different UV treatment times (0, 15, and 30 min) at the intensity of 620 μW/cm2 and different intensities (620, 1350, and 1720 μW/cm2) for 15 min were evaluated. Mold CFU per egg were either 0 or 1 for all UV treatments and a 99% reduction of CFU of aerobic bacteria per egg were observed for all UV treatments. It appears from these studies that UV light can significantly reduce populations of S. typhimurium, aerobes, and molds on shell eggs.

scholarly journals The Respiration of some Planktonic copepods II. The Effect Of Temperature

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Gauld ◽  
J. E. G. Raymont
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acartia Clausi ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Planktonic Copepods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The respiratory rates of three species of planktonic copepods, Acartia clausi, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, were measured at four different temperatures.The relationship between respiratory rate and temperature was found to be similar to that previously found for Calanus, although the slope of the curves differed in the different species.The observations on Centropages at 13 and 170 C. can be divided into two groups and it is suggested that the differences are due to the use of copepods from two different generations.The relationship between the respiratory rates and lengths of Acartia and Centropages agreed very well with that previously found for other species. That for Temora was rather different: the difference is probably due to the distinct difference in the shape of the body of Temora from those of the other species.The application of these measurements to estimates of the food requirements of the copepods is discussed.

scholarly journals A Study of the Effects of Rain, Snow and Hail on the Atmospheric Electric Field near Ground

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Athanasios Karagioras ◽  
Konstantinos Kourtidis
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bounce Back

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of rain, snow and hail on potential gradient (PG), as observed in a period of ten years in Xanthi, northern Greece. An anticorrelation between PG and rainfall was observed for rain events that lasted several hours. When the precipitation rate was up to 2 mm/h, the decrease in PG was between 200 and 1300 V/m, in most cases being around 500 V/m. An event with rainfall rates up to 11 mm/h produced the largest drop in PG, of 2 kV/m. Shortly after rain, PG appeared to bounce back to somewhat higher values than the ones of fair-weather conditions. A decrease in mean hourly PG was observed, which was around 2–4 kV/m during the hail events which occurred concurrently with rain and from 0 to 3.5 kV/m for hail events with no rain. In the case of no drop, no concurrent drop in temperature was observed, while, for the other cases, it appeared that, for each degree drop in temperature, the drop in hourly mean PG was 1000 V/m; hence, we assume that the intensity of the hail event regulates the drop in PG. The frequency distribution of 1-minute PG exhibits a complex structure during hail events and extend from −18 to 11 kV/m, with most of the values in the negative range. During snow events, 1-minute PG exhibited rapid fluctuations between high positive and high negative values, its frequency distribution extending from −10 to 18 kV/m, with peaks at −10 and 3 kV/m.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on the Corrosion Inhibition of Trans-4-Hydroxy-4′-Stilbazole on Mild Steel in HCl Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayssar Nahlé ◽  
Ideisan I. Abu-Abdoun ◽  
Ibrahim Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temkin Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Hcl Solution

The inhibition and the effect of temperature and concentration of trans-4-hydroxy-4′-stilbazole on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was investigated by weight loss experiments at temperatures ranging from 303 to 343 K. The studied inhibitor concentrations were between  M and  M. The percentage inhibition increased with the increase of the concentration of the inhibitor. The percentage inhibition reached about 94% at the concentration of  M and 303 K. On the other hand, the percentage inhibition decreased with the increase of temperature. Using the Temkin adsorption isotherm, the thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of this inhibitor on the metal surface were calculated. Trans-4-hydroxy-4′-stilbazole was found to be a potential corrosion inhibitor since it contained not only nitrogen and oxygen, but also phenyl and pyridine rings that are joined together with a double bond (–C=C–) in conjugation with these rings.

scholarly journals Sex Differentiation in Amphibians: Effect of Temperature and Its Influence on Sex Reversal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Adrián Ruiz-García ◽  
Álvaro S. Roco ◽  
Mónica Bullejos
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Expected Increase

The role of environmental factors in sexual differentiation in amphibians is not new. The effect of hormones or hormone-like compounds is widely demonstrated. However, the effect of temperature has traditionally been regarded as something anecdotal that occurs in extreme situations and not as a factor to be considered. The data currently available reveal a different situation. Sexual differentiation in some amphibian species can be altered even by small changes in temperature. On the other hand, although not proven, it is possible that temperature is related to the appearance of sex-reversed individuals in natural populations under conditions unrelated to environmental contaminants. According to this, temperature, through sex reversal (phenotypic sex opposed to genetic sex), could play an important role in the turnover of sex-determining genes and in the maintenance of homomorphic sex chromosomes in this group. Accordingly, and given the expected increase in global temperatures, growth and sexual differentiation in amphibians could easily be affected, altering the sex ratio in natural populations and posing major conservation challenges for a group in worldwide decline. It is therefore particularly urgent to understand the mechanism by which temperature affects sexual differentiation in amphibians.

Improvement of the visual warning system for various driving and road conditions in road transportation

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güray Tonguç ◽  
İsmail Hakkı Akçay ◽  
Habib Gürbüz
Keyword(s):  
Warning System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Accelerometer Sensor ◽  
The Road ◽  
Information Displays ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Information

This study aims to identify the potential adverse driving conditions which result from driver behavior, road surfaces and weather conditions for vehicles during a cruise, and to inform the drivers of the other vehicles moving on the same route. Adverse driving condition scenarios were developed via acceleration data in lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions gathered by using an accelerometer sensor placed at the gravity center of the test vehicles. The drivers were warned through the symbols designed according to the developed scenarios in different shapes and colors, displayed on an information screen showing the position of the vehicle. Three different software programs were used for gathering and evaluating the accelerometer data, storing scenario-specific symbols on the internet and transferring these symbols to the other vehicle information displays. The road tests were performed in conditions present in Turkey. It was observed that the vehicle drivers were alerted with the warning symbols which were designed for dangerous road and driving conditions with a latency of approximately 6s on Google maps which appeared on the driver information screen.

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