scholarly journals Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from giant reed (Arundo donax L.)

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Teresa García-Ortuño ◽  
Javier Andréu-Rodríguez ◽  
María T. Ferrández-García ◽  
Manuel Ferrández-Villena ◽  
Clara E. Ferrández-García
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Arundo Donax L

Single-layer experimental particleboards were made from various sizes of Arundo donax particles bonded with urea formaldehyde resin. The experimental panels were tested for their mechanical strength including modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB), screw holding strength (SH), and physical properties (density, moisture content, thickness swelling (TS), and water absorption (WA)) according to the procedures defined by European Union (EN) Standards. The overall results showed that most panels exceeded the EN Standards for MOE, MOR, and IB. The mechanical properties of the particleboard were enhanced as the density increased. Particle size was found to have a profound effect on the board properties.

scholarly journals Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Medium Density Fiberboard

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Waheed Gul ◽  
Hussein Alrobei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Thickness Swelling

In this research, the special effects of graphene oxide nanoparticle charging (0, 2, 4, 6, wt.%) on the properties of medium-density fiberboard were examined. Physical and mechanical properties of the panels were determined conferring the method of European Norm standards. The consequences exhibited substantial enhancement in mechanical properties, explicitly in modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding for 2–6% nanoparticle addition in a urea–formaldehyde resin. The mechanical properties, i.e., internal bond, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were improved by 28.5%, 19.22% and 38.8%, respectively. Results also show a clear enhancement in thickness swelling and water absorption. The physical properties of thickness swelling, water absorption and thermal conductivity were improved up to 50%, 19.5% and 39.79%, respectively. The addition of graphene oxide nanoparticles strongly affected the curing time of the urea–formaldehyde resin and improved its thermal stability.

scholarly journals Properties of Wood Particleboards Containing Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.) Particles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10469
Author(s):  
Manuel Ferrandez-Villena ◽  
Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia ◽  
Teresa Garcia-Ortuño ◽  
Clara Eugenia Ferrandez-Garcia ◽  
Maria Teresa Ferrandez Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
Environmental Treatment ◽  
Arundo Donax L

Agriculture is responsible for generating large amounts of waste that are not adequately managed in terms of their environmental treatment and economic administration. This work uses giant reed, which was traditionally used as a construction material in eastern areas of Spain. Nowadays, it is no longer used, which has led to its rapid, autonomous, uncontrolled proliferation on river banks, making it a serious environmental hazard because this plant causes significant blockages of bridges and other infrastructure when uprooted by the strong currents that occur as rivers flood. The aim of this work is to develop wood and giant reed particleboards, which help to counter the high dependence on wood in industrial manufacturing by using an easily renewable resource. It will thereby be possible to achieve two general objectives: controlling the growth of a weed and obtaining a product (particleboards) from a waste material. Particleboards containing 9% urea formaldehyde composed of different proportions of sawmill wood and giant reed (0, 50, 70 and 100%) have been manufactured by applying two different pressures (2.1 and 2.6 MPa) and a temperature of 120 °C for 4 min in a hot plate press. Density, thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) after immersion in water, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding strength (IB) and screw holding strength (SH) have been tested according to european norms (EN) for wood boards. With the addition of 70% reed particles, the density, MOR and TS decrease and the MOE, IB and SH increase; therefore, adding giant reed particles to wood boards can improve their properties, bringing about considerable industrial and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Investigating the possibility of making lignin-glyoxal resins as adhesives in the production of plywood

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 7122-7133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Tupa Esfandiyari ◽  
Mohammad Talaei Pour ◽  
Habibollah Khademieslam ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Mir Shokraei ◽  
Behzad Bazyar
Keyword(s):  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Control Samples

The possibility of making glues of natural origin (pure lignin and lignin-gluoxal (instead of chemical resins for making plywood from poplar layer was investigated. For this purpose, lignin was reacted with glyoxal and the lignin-glyoxal glue was produced. To make the desired plywood, pure lignin (L.100%), lignin-glyoxal 15% (L.85%, G.15%), and lignin-glyoxal 30% (L.70%, G.30%) were used as the adhesive at three different levels. Ammonium chloride (1%) as the hardener and wheat flour (30%) as the filler based on the dry weight of the adhesive were also used. Plates made with urea formaldehyde resin at 160 g/m2 were considered as control samples. After the laboratory boards were produced, the physical and mechanical properties of samples, such as thickness swelling after 2 and 24 h of immersion in water, shear strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, were measured. In addition, the groups and bonds in the pure lignin and lignin-gloxal adhesives were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In most tests and compared to the boards made of the adhesives and control boards, the lignin-glyoxal 30% (L.70%, G.30%) glue came closest to the performance of the control glue.

scholarly journals Suitability of Muli Bamboo (Melocanna baccifera) for Making Bamboo Mat Plywood

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ashaduzzaman ◽  
R Rana ◽  
MNH Khan ◽  
MI Shams
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Alternative Source

This paper investigated the potentiality of muli (Melocanna baccifera) for making bamboo mat plywood. Bamboo mat plywood with the length, width and thickness of 2.4 m × 1.2 m × 7 mm was made using liquid urea formaldehyde resin. The physical and mechanical properties of such plywood were compared with the existing market plywood. The average density of bamboo mat plywood was much higher compared to the existing market plywood. The modulus of rupture (MOR) of bamboo mat plywood was 3 times and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) was 6 times higher compared to commercial (Bombax ceiba) plywood. Interestingly, the specific MOR and MOE were significantly higher than those of market plywood. The high strength values might be due to the long fiber length of the bamboo. Furthermore, the lamination of decorative thin garjan (Dipterocarpus turbinatus) veneer did not significantly reduce mechanical properties of the products. Bamboo plywood mat as well as garjan laminated bamboo mat plywood showed better performance in respect to thickness swelling, linear expansion and water absorption. Hence, muli bamboo can be a potential alternative source of raw material for the manufacture of plywood materials. Key words: Bamboo mat plywood; Density; Dimensional stability; Modulus of elasticity; Modulus of rupture DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9605 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 543-548

Glutardialdehyde Modified Corn Starch – Urea Formaldehyde Resin as a Binder for Particleboard Making

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H.M. Amini ◽  
R. Hashim ◽  
N.S. Sulaiman ◽  
S. Hiziroglu ◽  
Othman Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Japanese Industrial Standard ◽  
Internal Bonding Strength

The objective of the study was to characterize and to evaluate physical and mechanical properties of experimental particleboard panels made from rubberwood (Heveabrasiliensis) using modified starch-urea formaldehyde as binder. Panels were manufactured using 13% corn starch modified with glutardialdehyde with addition of 2 % urea formaldehyde resin and tested for their physical and mechanical properties. All of the particleboards satisfied the Japanese Industrial Standard which required 2000 N/mm2, 8.0 N/mm2and 0.15 N/mm2for modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and internal bonding strength, respectively. The mechanical properties were comparable to those made using 15 % urea formaldehyde resin with reduction of formaldehyde fume was over 50 %.

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Petar Antov ◽  
Viktor Savov ◽  
Ľuboš Krišťák ◽  
Roman Réh ◽  
George I. Mantanis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Formaldehyde Content ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
European Standards

The potential of producing eco-friendly, formaldehyde-free, high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels from hardwood fibers bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and a novel ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) is investigated in this paper. HDF panels were fabricated in the laboratory by applying a very low UF gluing factor (3%) and ALS content varying from 6% to 10% (based on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the fiberboards, such as water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), as well as formaldehyde content, were determined in accordance with the corresponding European standards. Overall, the HDF panels exhibited very satisfactory physical and mechanical properties, fully complying with the standard requirements of HDF for use in load-bearing applications in humid conditions. Markedly, the formaldehyde content of the laboratory fabricated panels was extremely low, ranging between 0.7–1.0 mg/100 g, which is, in fact, equivalent to the formaldehyde release of natural wood.

Manufacture of thin rice straw particleboards bonded with various polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate/ urea formaldehyde resin mixtures

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 935-944
Author(s):  
Peng Luo ◽  
Chuanmin Yang ◽  
Mengyao Li ◽  
Yueqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Layer Medium ◽  
Resin Formulation

Reducing particleboard thickness is one of the major approaches to decrease consumption volume of particleboard for furniture manufacture. This study employed an adhesive mixture of polymeric methane diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) and urea formaldehyde (UF) to produce single-layer medium density thin rice straw particleboard. The effects of various PMDI/UF formulations as well as board density on mechanical properties and water resistance of rice straw particleboard were studied. The results indicated that the mechanical properties and water resistance of the thin rice straw particleboard were appreciably affected by resin formulation. The panels bonded with PMDI/UF adhesive mixtures had mechanical properties and water resistance far superior to those bonded with UF. Higher PMDI content levels in resin mixtures led to improved mechanical properties and water resistance. Density influenced mechanical properties and water resistance of the thin rice straw particleboard. Increasing the density of the panel could upgrade the mechanical properties of the thin rice straw particleboard. The experimental outcomes showed that PMDI/UF resin systems had potential to substitute for pure PMDI resin in producing thin rice straw particleboard, which could effectively lower manufacturing cost and bring economic efficiencies due to reduced amount of pricey PMDI.

scholarly journals KUALITAS PAPAN KOMPOSIT LIMBAH KULIT BATANG SAGU (Metroxylon sp) DAN PLASTIK POLIPROPILENA BERDASARKAN JUMLAH LAPISAN PENYUSUN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayang Archila ◽  
Farah Diba ◽  
Dina Setyawati ◽  
. Nurhaida
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Composite Board ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Composite Layers ◽  
Sago Bark

The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the number of composite layers on the quality of the composite board from sago bark waste and plastic waste, and the number of composite layers that produce the best quality on composite board. The composite board is made with size 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm. The composition and division of the material was carried out manually with the polypropylene distribution divided into three parts: the front and rear respectively of 15%, and the center 70% of the plastic weight. Target density of composite boards was 0.7 g / cm3. The treatment used is based on the number of layers composing, which is 5 layers, 7 layers, 9 layers, 11 layers and 13 layers. After mixed the sago bark particle and waste of polypropylene, the materials then compressed with hot press at 180oC with pressure about ± 25 kg / cm2 for 10 minutes. The composite boards then tested the quality included physical and mechanical properties. Testing of physical and mechanical properties refers to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Physical properties consist of density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption. Mechanical properties consist of modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, and modulus of screw holding strength. The study used a completely randomized design experiment consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed the average value of composite density was range between 0.6962 – 0.7896 g/cm3, the moisture content was range between 4.3388 % - 6.8066%, the thickness swelling was range between 8.2605% - 11.9615%, and water absorption was range between 17.2380% - 22.3867%. The average value of modulus of rupture was range between 60,0632 kg/cm2 – 64,4068 kg/cm2, the modulus of elasticity was range between 17935,1813g/cm2 – 32841,8278 kg/cm2, the internal bonding was range between 1,9268 kg/cm2  - 5,4119 kg/cm2, and the modulus of screw holding strength was range between 78,2530 kg/cm2 – 92,9677 kg/cm2. The composite board made from sago stem bark waste and polypropylene waste plastic with 13 layers treatment is the best composite board and fulfilled the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Keywords: bark of sago, composite boards, layer of composite, polypropylenes plastic, waste

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Binderless Particleboard Made from Steam-Pretreated Oil Palm Trunk Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Geng Boon ◽  
Rokiah Hashim ◽  
Mohammed Danish ◽  
Wan Noor Aidawati Wan Nadhari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk

Formaldehyde emissions from conventional particleboards raise issues of health and safety. One of the potential solutions is binderless particleboards made without using synthetic adhesives. However, the physical and mechanical properties of untreated binderless particleboards are relatively poor compared to conventional particleboards. This research aims to reveal the potential of using steam pretreatment to improve binderless particleboard properties made from oil palm trunk. The oil palm trunk particles were treated with steam pretreatment for different durations of time (20, 40, 60 min). The chemical constituents of the treated and untreated particles were evaluated. The binderless particleboards were made from treated and untreated particles. In addition, panels using untreated oil palm trunk particles with 10% urea–formaldehyde resin were made and used as a comparison. The boards were evaluated according to European Standards. The results indicated that the hemicellulose and starch content gradually reduced with the progression of steam pretreatment. The physical and mechanical properties were improved by increasing steam pretreatment duration. The steam pretreatment was able to improve the properties of binderless particleboards made from oil palm trunk. However, the performance of steam-pretreated binderless particleboard in this study is not compatible with the particleboards made using 10% urea–formaldehyde.

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