scholarly journals Adverbialized individual words and adverbs without suffixes in Lithuanian slang and non-normative language and their adaptative features

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Robertas Kudirka
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Nominative Case ◽  
Language System ◽  
Normative Language

here are a number of adverbialized individual words and adverbs without suffixes in Lithuanian slang and non-normative language. Most of them are assimilated borrowings adapted to the language system. Adaptive adverbialization of borrowed adverbs is determined by certain systemic features which are related to the territorial dialects of the Lithuanian language and the standart language. When the Slavic formants of the borrowed individual words are phonetically adapted, analogous hybrid derivatives with that formant are already available in Lithuanian slang. There are few adverbs derived from the singular nominative case. There are also few adverbs derived from the conjugation forms of the verb, mostly the forms are borrowed from informal Russian language. There are a number of borrowed adverbs without formants: there are mostly phonetically, graphically adapted borrowings from Russian language; borrowings of this type are rare from English and German languages. The analysis found that the adaptive features of the slang adverbs are determined by systemic regularities. Slang adverbs are adapted phonetically and graphically according to the principle of substitution of foreign phonemes as close as possible to their own. Slang lexicon tends to copy standart language models and integrate into Lithuanian language derivative and flexic paradigms.

scholarly journals Variation in the official female onomasticon of Ukraine: between norm and abnormality

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Iuliia Makarets
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language System ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Status ◽  
Morphological Variants

The article deals with sociolinguistic analysis of modern official female onomasticon of Ukraine. Its dynamics reflects processes, which are taking place in language system, and changes in society, social demographic and ethnic pattern, cultural markers and values, even the extent of legal regulation of social relations. Sociologists are interested in personal names as a means of social categorization and differentiation of individuals. Legists see them as a tool for one’s legalization and as an object of legal protection. Anthropologists study them as special units of communication and interaction between generations. For linguists they are a specific typexplore them linguists – ists of means of lexical nomination. Linguistically onomasticon is a valuable source of information on the current state of language norms, level of linguistic culture of the population, and the status correlation between languages in society. According to the date of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, the repertoire of newborn girls’ names in 2015–2019 exceeded half a thousand units. It’s due to the magnitude of globalization processes in naming, restoration of national naming traditions, rising social freedom in choosing names, and, sometimes, the decay of sense of responsibility in naming and insufficient language culture. About third part of female names appears as phonetic, orthographic and morphological variants. Ukraine is a multinational state and representatives of other nationalities and national minorities maintain their own naming traditions. Ukrainian spelling of these names in documents often is inconsequent. Often variants arise due to the ambiguity of transliteration, Ukrainian-Russian language interference and violation of Ukrainian spelling standard. Much less it is a result of alive alternation in the Ukrainian language. Rows of variants of the same official female name consist from two to five or six units. Among them there are normative and anomalous variants. In first case main and optional variants can be distinguished. Optional variants are not conventional in language practice but they do not violate the essential features of national language system (over time, some of them may become more popular than the main variant). Linguistically such variants are the same unit, the natural manifestation of potentialities of language system. But legally, person’s name can’t be spelled differently in her documents.

Peculiarities of teaching students foreigners the basics of oratory

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Galina Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Nominative Case ◽  
The Public ◽  
Grammar Rules ◽  
At Home

We substantiate the necessity of teaching students foreigners the aesthetics of Russian language, speech culture and oratory. This is due to the fact that the students in the learning process have to speak publicly: to participate in discussions, conversations, dialogues, make presentations and reports on scientific topics, read the verses, retell the texts, defend coursework, diplomas, etc. It is necessary for them to acquire communication skills to communicate in Russian language, get acquainted with the culture, traditions and customs of our country. It is well known that public speaking foreigners studying Russian language at home in most cases, using textbooks and with fewer practical classes are not always convincing, of course. It is well known that public speaking of foreigners who studied Russian in their native country, in most cases with the help of textbooks and with a small number of practical classes, do not always sound convincing and naturally. Pov-erty of lexicon leads to voids in the speech, ignorance of basic grammar rules entails the use of nouns only in the nominative case, and verbs in the infinitive form. Students, especially from Asian countries, are very much afraid of public speaking, nervous, worrying, often go astray, for-get words, etc. In connection with this we analyze the main aspects of teaching foreign students the public speaking. We formulate the requirements for the speech technique and speed, intona-tion, tone and timbre of their voices, the use of specific rhetorical techniques, lexical means of ex-pressiveness, pantomimicry of students and the formation of general informativeness, expressive-ness and beauty of oratorical speeches.

scholarly journals ADDRESSING THE PRINCIPLE OF LINGUISTIC ECONOMY AGAIN

2017 ◽  
pp. 50-75
Author(s):  
Lydia A. Stanovaïa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Language System ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Different Levels

After a long and very heated discussions in 60s-70s of the last century, the term «linguistic economy» is firmly established in Russian linguistics. However, the analysis of modern publications of Russian linguists indicates «embarrassing» polysemy of the term, which is used in different meanings: 1) ordinary, determined by the meaning of the word «economy» in the Russian language as frugality, thrift; 2) special, determined by A. Martinet theory, where economy is considered as the principle of organization and evolution of the language system; 3) mixed due to the mixture of different terms, ideas and concepts. The article discusses the main issues related to defining the essence of linguistic economy, its place and role in language evolution. Many postulates concerning these issues contradict well-known facts of language change on different levels of language system. However, if we strictly separate economy in speech from economy in language many contradictions disappear.

Pronunciation Standards in the Context of Modern Requirements for Students’ Competency Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
L. V. Assuirova ◽  
L. V. Khaymovich
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
System Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Language System ◽  
Final Assessment ◽  
Competency Level ◽  
Modern Russian

The article addresses the problem of frequent violations of pronunciation norms at the present stage of the language system development. Reasons for accentological errors and approaches to correcting them are considered. The methods of participant observation and text analysis were used to identify cases of errors and possible causes of violations of codified rules. Participant observation allowed the authors to identify some repeated mistakes made by schoolchildren in reproducing codified accentological norms. The analysis of modern Russian language textbooks from the standpoint of the requirements for preparing for the final assessment (USE) showed that the textbooks for different educational levels fail to cover cases, where students tend to make accentuation mistakes. In addition, the pronouncing dictionaries of the analysed textbooks often contain language units that have been fully mastered by the language and the society thus not implying any pronunciation variants. The identification of problem areas in teaching accentological norms, as well as the development of methodological techniques for organizing work on their adoption, can contribute to a more effective formation of the pronunciation culture of students.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Full-Size Russian Corpus of Internet Drug Reviews with Complex NER Labeling Using Deep Learning Neural Networks and Language Models

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Alexander Sboev ◽  
Sanna Sboeva ◽  
Ivan Moloshnikov ◽  
Artem Gryaznov ◽  
Roman Rybka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Relation Extraction ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Drug Event ◽  
Full Size ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper presents the full-size Russian corpus of Internet users’ reviews on medicines with complex named entity recognition (NER) labeling of pharmaceutically relevant entities. We evaluate the accuracy levels reached on this corpus by a set of advanced deep learning neural networks for extracting mentions of these entities. The corpus markup includes mentions of the following entities: medication (33,005 mentions), adverse drug reaction (1778), disease (17,403), and note (4490). Two of them—medication and disease—include a set of attributes. A part of the corpus has a coreference annotation with 1560 coreference chains in 300 documents. A multi-label model based on a language model and a set of features has been developed for recognizing entities of the presented corpus. We analyze how the choice of different model components affects the entity recognition accuracy. Those components include methods for vector representation of words, types of language models pre-trained for the Russian language, ways of text normalization, and other pre-processing methods. The sufficient size of our corpus allows us to study the effects of particularities of annotation and entity balancing. We compare our corpus to existing ones by the occurrences of entities of different types and show that balancing the corpus by the number of texts with and without adverse drug event (ADR) mentions improves the ADR recognition accuracy with no notable decline in the accuracy of detecting entities of other types. As a result, the state of the art for the pharmacological entity extraction task for the Russian language is established on a full-size labeled corpus. For the ADR entity type, the accuracy achieved is 61.1% by the F1-exact metric, which is on par with the accuracy level for other language corpora with similar characteristics and ADR representativeness. The accuracy of the coreference relation extraction evaluated on our corpus is 71%, which is higher than the results achieved on the other Russian-language corpora.

Constants of Communication. Quantity in Language System and Semantics of Change in Speech Structure

10.12737/5395 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Шапошников ◽  
Vladimir Shaposhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Logical Scheme ◽  
Language System ◽  
Quantitative Expression ◽  
Cognitive Motivation ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Numerical Change

Alongside the category of multitude within the expression of definite quantity presentation as a set of properties, defining the quantity of a phenomenon there is the reflection of quantity change. The multitude in its change is designated and the count as the object determination reflected. It is phenomenon of the quantity increase and decrease. The numerical change takes place in the reality and it occurrence objective definition; its singleness and articulation are in language mind made. Some correlations between dynamic spheres are formed up. The basic idea of this system exists. Its intrinsic constituents are in the correlation with its statement noted. The quantitative changing as the semantic problem is in the working described. The logical scheme of quantitative changing, its language structures, the semantic series quantitative changing correlation, is noted. The quantitative expression means and modes aggregate, their organization in the Russian language system is described and analyzed. The changes in the expression means of quantity amount in the contemporary Russian language, their cognitive motivation are fixed; their information range and system role and the statement are revealed.

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