scholarly journals DAIKTŲ IR VARDŲ SANTYKIO FILOSOFINĖ REFLEKSIJA ANTIKOJE

Problemos ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Nijolė Aukštuolytė
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Logical Thinking ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Straipsnyje analizuojama būties, žinojimo ir kalbos santykio filosofinė refleksija antikoje, besiremianti būties ir mąstymo vienovės pajauta sinkretiniame graikų mąstyme. Būdingiausia jos išraiška – antikinės filosofijos bandymai aiškinti pasaulio prigimtį bei ryšius ir siekti tikrojo žinojimo, išreikšto „tikrųjų daiktų”, t. y. esmių, vardais. Argumentuojama, kaip Platono siekis ieškoti „tikrųjų daiktų” vardų implikuoja teorinę kalbos tinkamumo žinojimui analizę ir pirmą kartą minties istorijoje iškelia filosofijai pažintinių kalbos galimybių tyrimo uždavinį. Kartu parodoma nevienareikšmė autoriaus pozicija, neduodanti konkretaus atsakymo, kokios yra kalbos galimybės atskleisti daiktų esmę. Aristotelio bandymai žinojimą tyrinėti kaip loginio samprotavimo rezultatą ir pastangos ieškoti tikslesnių minties atitikmenų kalboje leidžia argumentuoti, kaip antikoje įsitvirtina metodologinė nuostata, kalbą tapatinanti su žinojimu ir tirianti jos galimybes vaizduoti pasaulį, įžvelgti jo prigimtį.Reikšminiai žodžiai: epistemologija, logos, kalba ir žinojimas, vardas ir daiktas, Aristotelio logika. PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THINGS AND THEIR NAMES IN THE ANTIQUITYNijolė Aukštuolytė Summary  The article discusses the Antique philosophical reflection of the relationship between being, knowing and language, based on the unity of being and thinking in the syncretic thinking of the Greek philosophers. Itsmost characteristic manifestation lies in the attempts of ancient philosophy to explain the nature and relationships of the world and to seek for true knowing, conceived as knowledge of ‘true things’, in other words,the names of the essence. The article argues that Plato’s search for the names of ‘true things’ implies a theoretical analysis of the adequacy of language for knowing as well as raises the objective of philosophical analysis of the cognitive potential of language. Plato’s ambiguous stance with reference to the potential of language to reveal the essence of things is also shown. Aristotle’s attempts to analyze knowing as a result of logical thinking and his attempts to search for more precise equivalents of thought in language led to the idea of the methodological approach which identifies language as knowing and focuses on the analysis of its potential to depict the world and penetrate into its nature. Keywords: epistemology, logos, language and knowledge, word and thing, Aristotle’s logic.

scholarly journals The Dialectics of Distance and Nearness in Philosophies of G. W. Fr. Hegel and L. Feuerbach

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Vidauskytė
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Philosophical Language ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Using the method of H. Blumenberg (metaphorology) the article focuses on ‘a dialectics of distance and nearness’ in philosophy and everyday life of G. Fr. Hegel and L. Feuerbach (let us say – another two examples of the biography of ‘distance’ and ‘nearness’) and here lies the novelty of the article. These metaphors ‘distance’ and ‘‘nearness’ are not just a simple decoration of philosophical language, but rather they are indicators of the phenomenological approach to the world. Blumenberg in his work Das Lachen der Thrakerin. Eine Urgeschichte der Theorie analysed the reception of the old story about Thales and Thracian women in the philosophical tradition. The story metaphorically shows the relationship between invisible proto-theory and practical wisdom. It also projects a very significant feature of theory – the exotic behaviour of the observer (absentmindedness). The laughter of practical wisdom means the disappearance of distance and the emergence of everyday importance (nearness). Unfortunately, Blumenberg’s methodological approach is not developed further by other philosophers.

scholarly journals Metaphor in the Structure of Exploring Complexity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Alexander Dumov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
The World ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Organization Ecology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodological Reflection

The paper presents a review of modern philosophical and methodological literature on exploring complexity. The research featured the effect of metaphor in the cognitive processes, research communication, and transmission of complex ideas. The author developed a classification of metaphors in the context of exploring complexity. The approach is based on the identification of a certain ontological and epistemic content of the metaphor. The contextual role of the metaphor in cognition processes depends on these aspects of its content. The author analyzed the groups of metaphors associated with such topics of exploring complexity as self-organization, ecology, and dialogue. The metaphors proved important in developing a complex vision of the relationship between the cognizer and the world. The study also examined the axiological aspects of the metaphors, as well as the connection between the metaphor and the new vision of rationality, typical of the philosophical reflection of complexity. The metaphor proved to have a heuristic, communicative, and organizational potential in conditions of methodological uncertainty. The context of philosophical and theoretical-methodological reflection of complexity makes it possible to study the metaphor in order to identify the existing models of exploring complexity and their cognitive stylistics.

From Analog Objects to Digital Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-730
Author(s):  
Jorge William Montoya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gilbert Simondon

This article intends to establish a comparison between technical analog objects—which were the objects of the epoch when the French philosopher Gilbert Simondon elaborated his philosophical reflection—and digital devices that emerged in the last few decades of the 1900s. First, I define the main features of Simondon’s technical objects in order to understand what the necessary conditions are for there to be technical progress, which is based on what he called the process of concretization. Then, I analyze the relationship between digital objects—as understood by Yuk Hui—and digital devices that take over from analog objects, without necessarily presenting continuity in an evolutionary process. Finally, I intend to expose the role that both analog objects and digital devices play as mediators with the world in a digital era, and to address the question of technical culture nowadays.

scholarly journals MODERNIZATION OF SPORTS EQUIPMENT AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING OF DIFFICULTY SCORE OF COMPETITIVE ROUTINES IN TRAMPOLINE GYMNASTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Kokhanska Sofiia
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
The World ◽  
Difficulty Score ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constant Improvement ◽  
Historical Periods

Introduction.Trampoline gymnastics is a modern sport that has been included in the program of the Olympic Games since 2000. Constant improvement of the sports equipment, changes and innovations to the international rules of competitions ensure the continuous development of the sport and the wide world popularity of trampoline gymnastics. Aim is to acknowledge the relationship between the modernization of sports equipment and increasing of the difficulty score of competitive routines of athletes in trampoline gymnastics. Material and methods: theoretical analysis of scientific and methodical literature, retrospective analysis of protocols of international competitions, video analysis, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The conducted research allowed to determine the main models of trampolines used at the international competitions in different historical periods; video analysis revealed the basic elements which formed athletes' competitive routines in 1964-1972; retrospective analysis of protocols of international competitions permitted to calculate the average, maximum and minimum difficulty scores of competitive routines of leading athletes in trampoline gymnastics at the World Championships and the World Cups from 1972 to 2020 and identify the interconnection between modernization of the trampolines and increasing of the difficulty scores of competitive routines of trampoline athletes in different historical periods of the sport development. Conclusions. The led studies confirmed the interconnection between increasing of numbers of high difficult elements and difficulty scores of competitive routines of athletes and modernization of sports equipment in trampoline. According to the results of the research, the average difficulty score of competitive routines of qualified athletes raised from 0.2 to 0.5 points and maximum difficulty score from 0.1 to 0.7 points after introduction of each new model of trampoline.

The Holy Spirit and Christian Experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Zahl
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

This book presents a fresh vision for Christian theology that foregrounds the relationship between theological ideas and the experiences of Christians. It argues that theology is always operating in a vibrant landscape of feeling and desiring, and shows that contemporary theology has often operated in problematic isolation from these experiential dynamics. It then argues that a theologically serious doctrine of the Holy Spirit not only authorizes but requires attention to Christian experience. Against this background, the book outlines a new methodological approach to Christian theology that attends to the emotional and experiential power of theological doctrines. This methodology draws on recent interdisciplinary research on affect and emotion, which has shown that affects are powerful motivating realities that saturate all dimensions of human thinking and acting. In the process, the book also explains why contemporary theology has often been ambivalent about subjective experience, and demonstrates that current discourse about God’s activity in the world is often artificially abstracted from experience and embodiment. The book culminates in a proposal for a new experiential and pneumatological account of the theology of grace that builds on this methodology. Focusing on the work of the Holy Spirit in salvation and sanctification, it retrieves insights from Augustine, Luther, and Philip Melanchthon to present an affective and Augustinian vision of salvation as a pedagogy of desire. In articulating this vision, the book engages critically with recent emphasis on participation and theosis in Christian soteriology and charts a new path forward for Protestant theology in a landscape hitherto dominated by the theological visions of Karl Barth and Thomas Aquinas.

scholarly journals Playing God

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Uwe Meixner
Keyword(s):  
Special Form ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Analogical Thinking ◽  
Board Games ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
Playing God ◽  
The World ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Metaphysical modelling is a method in (epistemologically enlightened) metaphysics. It uses models for the philosophical analysis of metaphysico-epistemological situations. In this paper, the method is applied to a set of metaphysical questions that concern the relationship between God and the world, and the relationship between human beings and the world. The questions revolve around a center: What is it that ultimately determines reality? This complex metaphysical subject is treated in a simplified and downsized manner: on the scale of board games. As will be seen, the unusual perspective provided by the model leads to new insights and has a salutary corrective effect in the metaphysico-epistemological respect. The paper also provides an analysis and defense of analogical thinking in metaphysics (of which way of thinking metaphysical modelling is a special form).

Of Frames and Cultures - A Cross-Cultural Comparison of TV Newscasts

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Senokozlieva ◽  
Oliver Fischer ◽  
Gary Bente ◽  
Nicole Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. TV news are essentially cultural phenomena. Previous research suggests that the often-overlooked formal and implicit characteristics of newscasts may be systematically related to culture-specific characteristics. Investigating these characteristics by means of a frame-by-frame content analysis is identified as a particularly promising methodological approach. To examine the relationship between culture and selected formal characteristics of newscasts, we present an explorative study that compares material from the USA, the Arab world, and Germany. Results indicate that there are many significant differences, some of which are in line with expectations derived from cultural specifics. Specifically, we argue that the number of persons presented as well as the context in which they are presented can be interpreted as indicators of Individualism/Collectivism. The conclusions underline the validity of the chosen methodological approach, but also demonstrate the need for more comprehensive and theory-driven category schemes.

Kazakhstan’s Economic Growth in the Context of the World Economy

2006 ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Arystanbekov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Crude Petroleum ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Kazakhstan’s economic policy results in 1995-2005 are considered in the article. In particular, the analysis of the relationship between economic growth and some indicators of nation states - population, territory, direct access to the World Ocean, and extraction of crude petroleum - is presented. Basic problems in the sphere of economic policy in Kazakhstan are formulated.

Virginia Woolf and Being-in-the-world

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Simone
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Existential Perspective

Virginia Woolf and Being-in-the-world: A Heideggerian Study explores Woolf’s treatment of the relationship between self and world from a phenomenological-existential perspective. This study presents a timely and compelling interpretation of Virginia Woolf’s textual treatment of the relationship between self and world from the perspective of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. Drawing on Woolf’s novels, essays, reviews, letters, diary entries, short stories, and memoirs, the book explores the political and the ontological, as the individual’s connection to the world comes to be defined by an involvement and engagement that is always already situated within a particular physical, societal, and historical context. Emma Simone argues that at the heart of what it means to be an individual making his or her way in the world, the perspectives of Woolf and Heidegger are founded upon certain shared concerns, including the sustained critique of Cartesian dualism, particularly the resultant binary oppositions of subject and object, and self and Other; the understanding that the individual is a temporal being; an emphasis upon intersubjective relations insofar as Being-in-the-world is defined by Being-with-Others; and a consistent emphasis upon average everydayness as both determinative and representative of the individual’s relationship to and with the world.

A Māori Girl Watches, Listens, and Learns – Coming of Age from an Indigenous Viewpoint: Mauri (Merata Mita, 1988)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fox
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Indigenous Woman ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Force ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines Merata Mita’s Mauri, the first fiction feature film in the world to be solely written and directed by an indigenous woman, as an example of “Fourth Cinema” – that is, a form of filmmaking that aims to create, produce, and transmit the stories of indigenous people, and in their own image – showing how Mita presents the coming-of-age story of a Māori girl who grows into an understanding of the spiritual dimension of the relationship of her people to the natural world, and to the ancestors who have preceded them. The discussion demonstrates how the film adopts storytelling procedures that reflect a distinctively Māori view of time and are designed to signify the presence of the mauri (or life force) in the Māori world.

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