scholarly journals A NEW WAY OF LOOKING AT THE BARNUM EFFECT AND ITS LINKS TO PERSONALITY TRAITS IN GROUPS RECEIVING DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERSONALITY FEEDBACK

Psichologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Mykolas Simas Poškus
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Personality Feedback ◽  
Personality Description ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Barnum Effect

The present study proposes a new way of looking at the Barnum effect. A theoretical model describing the relationship between personality traits, type of personality feedback, and acceptance of personality feedback is proposed and tested. The results of the study provide proof for the model, supporting the notion that personality feedback is accepted both rationally and irrationally, demonstrating that the Barnum effect is linked to personality traits and these links are moderated by the type of personality feedback that is provided.Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that overall ratings of the acceptance of personality descriptions as a measure of the Barnum effect should be avoided. Rather, researchers should gather the acceptance ratings of the whole personality description presented as feedback, as well as acceptance ratings of its component statements. Any correlations between the acceptance ratings of the whole personality description and other variables should be controlled for the acceptance ratings of the component statements of the whole personality description.

scholarly journals Crowd Workers' Continued Participation Intention in Crowdsourcing Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Gabriel Shing-Koon Leung ◽  
Vincent Cho ◽  
C. H. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Expectancy Theory ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Reasonable Cost ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk ◽  
The Relationship

The micro-task crowdsourcing marketplace, as a novel platform, has provided firms with a new way to recruit employees at a reasonable cost and with a fast turnaround. This research explores how different types of motivations affect individuals’ continued participation intention in compensation-based micro-task crowdsourcing platforms. Our theoretical model builds on expectancy theory, self-determination theory, organizational justice theory and self-efficacy theory. To validate the theoretical model, over 1,000 crowd workers participating in Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed an online questionnaire. Distributive justice and self-efficacy were applied to moderate the relationship between different types of motivations and continued participation intention. The confirmed three-way interaction effects indicated that external regulation and intrinsic motivation on continued participation intention are contingent on distributive justice and the level of self-efficacy. The findings enrich the understanding of MCS communities and provide important guidelines for motivating crowd workers.

scholarly journals Study on the Relationship between Drivers’ Personal Characters and Non-Standard Traffic Signs Comprehensibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2678
Author(s):  
Antoni Wontorczyk ◽  
Stanislaw Gaca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Professional Drivers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Unusual Combination ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Road Space ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Drivers’ incorrect perception and interpretation of the road space are among reasons for human errors. Proper road markings are elements improving perception of road space. Their effectiveness relies on traffic participants receiving the provided information correctly. The range of signs used is constantly expanding and unusual situations in traffic require use of non-standard signs or an unusual combination of existing standard signs. The aim of this study was to explore the level of comprehensibility of four different types of non-standard signs. The relationship between the level of comprehensibility of these signs and personality traits of the drivers was also studied. A total of 369 drivers were tested using a questionnaire to analyze the traffic signs comprehensibility and Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The obtained results indicate that symbolic signs, unlike symbolic and text ones, are much better comprehended by drivers. Men comprehend the significance of non-standard symbolic regulatory signs better than women. Higher level of comprehensibility of symbolic and text regulatory signs is shown by older, better educated drivers and professional drivers. The study found there is a link between personality traits of the driver and the comprehensibility of symbolic regulatory signs.

Online consumer behaviour of mass-customised apparel products

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Simões Ribeiro ◽  
Paulo Alexandre Oliveira Duarte ◽  
Rui Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
Fourth Level ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Online Consumer Behaviour

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply Mowen’s (2000) meta-theoretical model of motivation and personality (3M) and its hierarchy of traits to deeper understand consumer behaviour towards online purchase of mass-customised apparel products. Design/methodology/approach For the current study, the meta-theoretical model of motivation and personality (3M) and its hierarchy of traits proposed by Mowen (2000) were adapted to use in the context of online purchase of mass-customised apparel products. Appropriate and significant constructs and relationships were identified in the four levels of the hierarchy of needs, specifically: one trait in the first level (surface traits), five specific traits in the second level (situational traits), three broader traits in the third level (compound traits), and finally, eight traits in the fourth level (elemental traits). Findings This research allowed the identification of pertinent personality traits in the context of online purchase of mass-customised apparel products and the comprehension of the relationships among these constructs using a hierarchical framework. Originality/value The originality and value of the current approach is the use of a hierarchical structure of traits to understand the relationship among personality traits in the mass-customisation field, which, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has proposed. Theoretical and methodological contributions to the field derive from the current proposal.

scholarly journals Personality features and internal picture of the defect in adolescents with different types of dysontogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Ul’yana Yu. Sevast’yanova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the structure of the internal picture of a defect in adolescents with different variants of dysontogenesis (severe speech impairments, mental retardation, hearing impairment and visual impairment). A theoretical and empirical study was carried out, on the basis of which the features of the internal picture of the defect in adolescents with disabilities were revealed. A description of the personality specifics is given depending on the structure of the defect. A study carried out on 110 adolescents revealed that the existing personality traits of children with disabilities, such as sensitivity, rigidity, anxiety, emotiveness, are associated with the perception, consciousness and attitude of the child to its disorder, that is, with the internal picture of the defect. The study of the relationship between personality traits and the internal picture of a defect components of adolescents with disabilities showed that this mechanism acquires the greatest role in adolescents with hearing impairments in comparison with other nosological groups.

The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

Individual Differences in Students' Preferences for Lecturers' Personalities

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Student Ratings ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
Intelligence Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study examines the relationship between students' personality and intelligence scores with their preferences for the personality profile of their lecturers. Student ratings (N = 136) of 30 lecturer trait characteristics were coded into an internally reliable Big Five taxonomy ( Costa & McCrae, 1992 ). Descriptive statistics showed that, overall, students tended to prefer conscientious, open, and stable lecturers, though correlations revealed that these preferences were largely a function of students' own personality traits. Thus, open students preferred open lecturers, while agreeable students preferred agreeable lecturers. There was evidence of a similarity effect for both Agreeableness and Openness. In addition, less intelligent students were more likely to prefer agreeable lecturers than their more intelligent counterparts were. A series of regressions showed that individual differences are particularly good predictors of preferences for agreeable lecturers, and modest, albeit significant, predictors of preferences for open and neurotic lecturers. Educational and vocational implications are considered.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Investment Traits and Intelligence in Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Intelligence-as-knowledge in adulthood is influenced by individual differences in intelligence-as-process (i.e., fluid intelligence) and in personality traits that determine when, where, and how people invest their intelligence over time. Here, the relationship between two investment traits (i.e., Openness to Experience and Need for Cognition), intelligence-as-process and intelligence-as-knowledge, as assessed by a battery of crystallized intelligence tests and a new knowledge measure, was examined. The results showed that (1) both investment traits were positively associated with intelligence-as-knowledge; (2) this effect was stronger for Openness to Experience than for Need for Cognition; and (3) associations between investment and intelligence-as-knowledge reduced when adjusting for intelligence-as-process but remained mostly significant.

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