scholarly journals Study on the Relationship between Drivers’ Personal Characters and Non-Standard Traffic Signs Comprehensibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2678
Author(s):  
Antoni Wontorczyk ◽  
Stanislaw Gaca
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Professional Drivers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Unusual Combination ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Road Space ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Drivers’ incorrect perception and interpretation of the road space are among reasons for human errors. Proper road markings are elements improving perception of road space. Their effectiveness relies on traffic participants receiving the provided information correctly. The range of signs used is constantly expanding and unusual situations in traffic require use of non-standard signs or an unusual combination of existing standard signs. The aim of this study was to explore the level of comprehensibility of four different types of non-standard signs. The relationship between the level of comprehensibility of these signs and personality traits of the drivers was also studied. A total of 369 drivers were tested using a questionnaire to analyze the traffic signs comprehensibility and Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The obtained results indicate that symbolic signs, unlike symbolic and text ones, are much better comprehended by drivers. Men comprehend the significance of non-standard symbolic regulatory signs better than women. Higher level of comprehensibility of symbolic and text regulatory signs is shown by older, better educated drivers and professional drivers. The study found there is a link between personality traits of the driver and the comprehensibility of symbolic regulatory signs.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Geometrik Dan Kelengkapan Rambu Lalu Lintas Terhadap Kecelakaan (Studi Kasus : Tanjakan Kethekan Kec. Jambu, Ruas Jalan Ambarawa – Magelang Km. 46+000 S/D 46+750)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Rizqi Rangga Perdana ◽  
Yeremia Kristian Adi Permata ◽  
Siti Latifah ◽  
Sukoyo Sukoyo ◽  
Wasino Wasino
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Geometric Conditions ◽  
Arterial Road ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="Default"><em>Ambarawa – Magelang main road is an arterial road which used by drivers who came from Central Java headed to Yogyakarta. The Road Segment is considered to have frequent traffic accidents. The study aims to analyze the relationship between geometric aspects and the occurrence of accidents, compare actual speed with plan speed, and analyzing the completeness of the traffic signs on this section to identify the causes of accidents that occurred at that location</em>. <em>The stages of analysis is by doing the geometric calculation of the road and compared with the requirements in the regulation then identifying whether there is a relationship between accidents that occur with geometric conditions, vehicle speed, and the signs completeness. Identification and results of geometric analysis is known that Black Spot are on bend road I (km 46+300) there were 22 accidents due to breaking road markings, 6 accidents due to extreme bend, and 4 accidents due to road slackness throughout 2012 – 2018. On the bend road II (km 46+440) there were 5 accidents due to breaking road markings and on the bend road III (km 46+520) there were 3 accidents due to road slackness. with the result that there is a relationship between geometric conditions with accidents that occur and after being analyzed the completeness of the traffic signs is still lacking and needs to be completed.</em></p>

ABERRANT DRIVING AMONG YOUNG MALAYSIAN DRIVERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozmi Ismail ◽  
Ng Lei Voon ◽  
Mohamad Hanif Md Saad ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Norhayati Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Test System ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Road Rage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the result of a quasi experimental study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and aggressive (aberrant) driving among young Malaysian drivers. 127 students with mean age of 22 (68 males and 59 females) and valid class B2 driving license were recruited for the study. Before exposure to experimental intervention, the participants completed Eysenck's Impulsivity Inventory (aka IVE Questionnaire) which assessed personality traits (impulsiveness, venturesome and empathy), and AVIS Questionnaire, developed by Vienna Test System (VTS) which assessed aggressiveness while driving. In the experiment the participants were shown video scenarios of aggressive driving as a stimulus for aggressive driving evaluation. They were then asked to respond to questions related to provocations and aggressive behaviour from other drivers on to themselves and of other drivers being provoked by the same situation. The results revealed significant relationship between empathy and personality types (p<0.05) where subjects who score low on empathy and high on venturesome-ness tended to be more aggressive. Even though nearly all participants admitted that Malaysian drivers were aggressive on the road, only 15% of the participants agreed that they are aggressive drivers themselves. Based on this study's results, it is suggested that personality screening tests should be implemented by the relevant agencies as a preliminary measure to reduce the road rage phenomena and aggressive driving.

Plato on Pure Pleasure and the Best Life

Phronesis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Good Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Instrumental Value ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Positive Evaluation

Abstract In the Philebus, Socrates maintains two theses about the relationship between pleasure and the good life: (1) the mixed life of pleasure and intelligence is better than the unmixed life of intelligence, and: (2) the unmixed life of intelligence is the most divine. Taken together, these two claims lead to the paradoxical conclusion that the best human life is better than the life of a god. A popular strategy for avoiding this conclusion is to distinguish human from divine goods; on such a reading, pleasure has merely instrumental value, and it benefits human beings only as a result of their imperfect nature. I argue that certain ‘pure’ pleasures are full-fledged, intrinsic goods in the Philebus, which are even worthy of the gods (thus Socrates ultimately rejects thesis 2). This positive evaluation of pure pleasure results from a detailed examination of pleasure, which reveals that different types of pleasures have fundamentally different natures.

How Dangerous Is Looking Away From the Road? Algorithms Predict Crash Risk From Glance Patterns in Naturalistic Driving

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1104-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulan Liang ◽  
John D. Lee ◽  
Lora Yekhshatyan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Driver Distraction ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Design Of Algorithms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Road ◽  
Naturalistic Driving Study ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Objective: In this study, the authors used algorithms to estimate driver distraction and predict crash and near-crash risk on the basis of driver glance behavior using the data set of the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study. Background: Driver distraction has been a leading cause of motor vehicle crashes, but the relationship between distractions and crash risk lacks detailed quantification. Method: The authors compared 24 algorithms that varied according to how they incorporated three potential contributors to distraction—glance duration, glance history, and glance location—on how well the algorithms predicted crash risk. Results: Distraction estimated from driver eye-glance patterns was positively associated with crash risk. The algorithms incorporating ongoing off-road glance duration predicted crash risk better than did the algorithms incorporating glance history. Augmenting glance duration with other elements of glance behavior—1.5th power of duration and duration weighted by glance location—produced similar prediction performance as glance duration alone. Conclusions: The distraction level estimated by the algorithms that include current glance duration provides the most sensitive indicator of crash risk. Application: The results inform the design of algorithms to monitor driver state that support real-time distraction mitigation systems.

scholarly journals DEM-FDM Coupled Numerical Study on the Reinforcement of Biaxial and Triaxial Geogrid Using Pullout Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9001
Author(s):  
Jianjun Fu ◽  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Rui Rui
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Pullout Tests ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Similar Deformation ◽  
Better Than

The key to modeling the interlocking of geogrid-reinforced ballast is considering both the continuous deformation characteristics of the geogrid and the discontinuity of the ballast particles. For this purpose, pullout tests using biaxial and triaxial geogrids were simulated using the coupled discrete element method (DEM) and finite difference method (FDM). In this coupled model, two real-shaped geogrid models with square and triangular apertures were established using the solid element in FLAC3D. Meanwhile, simplified shaped clumps were used to represent the ballast using PFC3D. The calibration test simulation showed that the accurately formed geogrid model can reproduce the deformation and strength characteristics of a geogrid. The pullout simulation results show that the DEM-FDM method can well predict the relationship between pullout force and displacement, which is more accurate than the DEM method. For ballast particles of 40 mm in size, both the experiment and simulation results showed that the triaxial geogrid of 75 mm is better than the 65-mm biaxial geogrid . In addition, the DEM-FDM method can study the interaction mechanism between the particles and the geogrid from a microscopic view, and also reveal the similar deformation behavior of the geogrid in the pullout process. Therefore, the DEM-FDM coupled method can not only investigate the interlocking mechanism between the ballast and particles but can also provide a great method for evaluating the performance of different types of geogrids.

Relationship between Auditory Discrimination, Articulation Stimulability, and Consistency of Misarticulation

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Lapko ◽  
Nicholas W. Bankson
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Nonsense Syllable ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

A study was conducted to measure the relationship between auditory discrimination, articulation stimulability, and consistency of misarticulation. Data were based on the Carter-Buck Nonsense-Syllable Imitation Test for stimulability of /s/, the McDonald Deep Test of Articulation which measured consistency of misarticulation of /s/, and the Farquhar-Bankson In-depth Test of Auditory Discrimination which measured external and internal auditory discrimination of /s/. Ss were 25 kindergarten and first grade children with normal hearing and intelligence. No S had received any speech therapy. Each S misarticulated a minimum of three /s/ items on the McDonald Screening Test of Articulation. No more than one phoneme was misarticulated in addition to misarticulation of /s/. A significant correlation between the child's ability to discriminate his own production of /s/ (internal or self-monitoring) and the consistency of misarticulation of /s/ was obtained, as well as one between the consistency of misarticulation of /s/ and the stimulability of /s/. No statistically significant correlations were found between the other variables. A low non-significant correlation was found between the stimulability of /s/ and internal discrimination abilities. Different types of discrimination tasks were of varying difficulty. Performance on external discrimination items was better than for internal discrimination items.

scholarly journals A NEW WAY OF LOOKING AT THE BARNUM EFFECT AND ITS LINKS TO PERSONALITY TRAITS IN GROUPS RECEIVING DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERSONALITY FEEDBACK

Psichologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Mykolas Simas Poškus
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Personality Feedback ◽  
Personality Description ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Barnum Effect

The present study proposes a new way of looking at the Barnum effect. A theoretical model describing the relationship between personality traits, type of personality feedback, and acceptance of personality feedback is proposed and tested. The results of the study provide proof for the model, supporting the notion that personality feedback is accepted both rationally and irrationally, demonstrating that the Barnum effect is linked to personality traits and these links are moderated by the type of personality feedback that is provided.Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that overall ratings of the acceptance of personality descriptions as a measure of the Barnum effect should be avoided. Rather, researchers should gather the acceptance ratings of the whole personality description presented as feedback, as well as acceptance ratings of its component statements. Any correlations between the acceptance ratings of the whole personality description and other variables should be controlled for the acceptance ratings of the component statements of the whole personality description.

scholarly journals Personality features and internal picture of the defect in adolescents with different types of dysontogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Ul’yana Yu. Sevast’yanova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the structure of the internal picture of a defect in adolescents with different variants of dysontogenesis (severe speech impairments, mental retardation, hearing impairment and visual impairment). A theoretical and empirical study was carried out, on the basis of which the features of the internal picture of the defect in adolescents with disabilities were revealed. A description of the personality specifics is given depending on the structure of the defect. A study carried out on 110 adolescents revealed that the existing personality traits of children with disabilities, such as sensitivity, rigidity, anxiety, emotiveness, are associated with the perception, consciousness and attitude of the child to its disorder, that is, with the internal picture of the defect. The study of the relationship between personality traits and the internal picture of a defect components of adolescents with disabilities showed that this mechanism acquires the greatest role in adolescents with hearing impairments in comparison with other nosological groups.

The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

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