OSIP DYMOV AND CHARLES BOVARY (THE INTERTEXTUAL STRUCTURE OF CHEKHOV’S SHORT STORY THE FIDGET)

A. P. Chekhov's short story The Fidget (1892) is an abridged hypertext of G. Flaubert's novel Madame Bovary (1856). The article undertakes a detailed comparison of the characters who occupy a similar place in the narrative and figurative system of these two works: Osip Dymov and Charles Bovary. Both of them are doctors, but Chekhov's character seems to realize the untapped potential that was laid down in the character penned by Flaubert. He is no longer a failed doctor, but a talented one, with all the qualities required to become an excellent medical scientist. Thus, Chekhov does not merely stand up for the medical community, which he is no stranger to. Thanks to this, the story of the Russian writer transforms into a polemical interpretation of the classic French novel. In Flaubert's Emma's imaginary search for the meaning of life, which explains her two adulteries in Madame Bovary, Chekhov seems rather inclined to see the selfishness and lack of responsibility that destroy her family and lead to her own death. It is not by chance that Dymov, rather than Olga Ivanovna dies as a result of her own similar behavior in Chekhov’s short story. At the same time, Chekhov's text is also a polemical interpretation of Tolstoy's Anna Karenina (1873–1877), which was created as an explicit hypertext of Flaubert's novel. In the short story, Chekhov's critical reinterpretation of these two works is clearly based on a kind of “folk” morality of the Ant from the canonical Krylov fable The Dragonfly and the Ant (1808), which is clearly referenced in the title and text of the story. The intertextual structure of Chekhov's story is examined in the article primarily as a system of its pretexts, some of which relate to it in unison, and others-dissonantly. At the same time, the former are the object of polemical interpretation, while the latter are the subject of stylization and value orientation.

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Effi Briest

10.1093/owc/9780199675647.001.0001 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Theodor Fontane ◽

Ritchie Robertson

Keyword(s):

Theodor Fontane ◽

Marital Relations ◽

Her Family ◽

Anna Karenina ◽

Madame Bovary ◽

Baltic Coast ◽

Effi Briest ◽

The Baltic

‘I loathe what I did, but what I loathe even more is your virtue.’ Seventeen-year-old Effi Briest is steered by her parents into marriage with an ambitious bureaucrat, twenty years her senior. He takes her from her home to a remote provincial town on the Baltic coast of Prussia where she is isolated, bored, and prey to superstitious fears. She drifts into a half-hearted affair with a manipulative, womanizing officer, which ends when her husband is transferred to Berlin. Years later, events are triggered that will have profound consequences for Effi and her family. Effi Briest (1895) is recognized as one of the masterpieces by Theodor Fontane, Germany's premier realist novelist, and one of the great novels of marital relations together with Madame Bovary and Anna Karenina. It presents life among the conservative Prussian aristocracy with irony and gentle humour, and opposes the rigid and antiquated morality of the time by treating its heroine with sympathy and keen psychological insight.

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Menelusuri Bentang Alam Dalam Karya Sastra Yang Bertema Lingkungan Alam

Jurnal KATA ◽

10.22216/jk.v2i1.3082 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Nanny Sri Lestari

Keyword(s):

Short Stories ◽

Short Story ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Human Life ◽

Space Communications ◽

Story Structure ◽

Literary Works ◽

Media Space ◽

The Media ◽

The Subject

Sebuah peristiwa, dalam kehidupan manusia, dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi penulisan sebuah cerita. Pengarang, sebagai bagian dari masyarakatnya, mengangkat relung-relung kehidupan manusia, ke dalam sebuah cerita. Namun harus dipahami, bahwa pengalaman pengarang dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari, juga mempengaruhi subjek yang ditulisnya. Saat ini tidak dapat dipungkiri lagi, bahwa teknologi komunikasi yang sangat canggih, telah mempengaruhi perkembangan karya sastra. Media penulisan karya sastra, tidak lagi melalui media cetak seperti kertas tetapi sudah melalui peralatan modern yang sesuai jamannya. Namun demikian ragam karya sastra prosa, seperti cerita pendek, justru mampu mengisi ruang media kommunikasi tersebut. Dua orang pengarang, yang menulis cerita pendek di media masa, berusaha mengangkat isu tentang lingkungan. Isu yang diangkat, lebih menekankan kepada masalah lingkungan alam dengan mengangkat isu tentang pohon sebagai bagian dari kehidupan manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk menelusuri struktur cerita pendek yang mengangkat isu lingkungan dalam jalinan ceritanya. Untuk memenuhi tujuan penelitian, langkah awal dari penelitian ini, adalah melakukan pendekatan struktur cerita, yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan pencarian makna cerita tersebut. Sering sekali di balik sebuah cerita ada pesan yang ingin disampaikan kepada masyarakat pembacanya. Bentuk pesan tersebut tersirat, dalam jalinan struktur cerita pendek tersebut. Pesan yang disampaikan, dalam kedua cerita pendek tersebut, adalah pesan tentang lingkungan alam, yang saat ini tidak pernah diperhatikan oleh masyarakat. Dengan alasan, kebutuhan ekonomi yang sangat dominan.An event, in human life, can be an inspiration for writing a story. The author, as a part of his society, lifts the niches of human life, into a story. But it must be understood, that the author's experience in everyday life, also affects the subject he wrote. Today it is undeniable, that highly sophisticated communication technology, has influenced the development of literary works. Media writing literature, no longer through print media such as paper but have been through modern equipment that fit his era. However, the variety of prose literary works, such as short stories, is able to fill the media space communications. Two authors, who write short stories in the mass media, try to raise issues about the environment. Issues raised, more emphasis on the issue of the natural environment by raising the issue, about the tree as part of human life. The purpose of this research, is to trace the structure of short stories, which raised environmental issues in the composition of the story. To fulfill the purpose of research, the first step of this research, is to approach the structure of the story, which is then linked with the search for the meaning of the story. Very often, behind a story, there is a message to be conveyed to the readers. The form of the message is implied, in the composition of the short story structure. The message conveyed, in both short stories, is a message about the natural environment, which today is never noticed by society. The message conveyed, in both short stories, is a message about the natural environment, which today is never noticed by society.

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QCD at Fixed Order: Processes

10.1093/oso/9780199652747.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

John Campbell ◽

Joey Huston ◽

Frank Krauss

Keyword(s):

Hadron Collider ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Theoretical Description ◽

Higgs Bosons ◽

Final States ◽

Collider Physics ◽

Wide Range ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Fixed Order ◽

The Subject

At the core of any theoretical description of hadron collider physics is a fixed-order perturbative treatment of a hard scattering process. This chapter is devoted to a survey of fixed-order predictions for a wide range of Standard Model processes. These range from high cross-section processes such as jet production to much more elusive reactions, such as the production of Higgs bosons. Process by process, these sections illustrate how the techniques developed in Chapter 3 are applied to more complex final states and provide a summary of the fixed-order state-of-the-art. In each case, key theoretical predictions and ideas are identified that will be the subject of a detailed comparison with data in Chapters 8 and 9.

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Some Problems in Catullus lxvi

Antichthon ◽

10.1017/s0066477400004007 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 38-49

Author(s):

D.A. Kidd

Keyword(s):

Detailed Comparison ◽

Latin Text ◽

The Subject

The Coma Berenices is not taken very seriously as a poem by some critics of Catullus, and there are some obvious reasons for this attitude. The subject itself seems trivial, and the Catullan version of the poem is thought of as a mere translation, with the implication that it is somehow not an authentic poem in its own right. Moreover, there are a number of real problems in it of text and interpretation to which no agreed solution has been found, notably the problem of the ending. All these factors have combined to make lxvi the most avoided of all the longer poems of Catullus. The only aspect of the poem that has received adequate attention is the character of the translation and the detailed comparison of the Latin text with what has survived of the Greek.

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Charulata 2011: Dramatizing the Glocal

Asiatische Studien – Études Asiatiques ◽

10.1515/asia-2019-0048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 545-557

Author(s):

Rituparna Roy

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

South Asian ◽

First Century ◽

Anna Karenina ◽

Madame Bovary ◽

The World ◽

Twenty First Century ◽

Satyajit Ray

AbstractA lonely wife in Kolkata and a bachelor in London have a virtual affair, but are forced to re-think their relationship when they discover he is her brother-in-law. Charulata 2011 is an ingenious post-millennial adaptation of Tagore’s novella, Nastanir (The Broken Nest, 1901), already immortalized by Satyajit Ray in his classic Charulata (1964). This intertextuality, especially with Ray, lends an added dimension to the film, allowing Chatterjee to contrast two modernities in Bengal – the colonial and glocal – over the course of a century. Both these women gain temporary respite from their suffocating marriage through an affair, but their circumstances are vastly different. While Tagore/Ray’s heroine (like Anna Karenina, Madame Bovary and Lady Chatterley) could only bond with a man she knew, technology expands Charulata’s choice in 2011. She romances the strange and the unknown – an unseen tall dark stranger with a gift for words. While the nineteenth century Bengali heroine had to reign in her erotic impulse, her twenty-first century counterpart submits to it, though with an overwhelming sense of guilt. But there are similarities too – both are childless homemakers; have a literary sensibility; and though a 100 years apart, in both their cases, the lover eventually departs, and duty ultimately wins over passion, bringing back the duly chastened wife to the wronged husband. Charulata 2011 thus dramatizes a glocalized South Asian narrative, where the protagonist negotiates an uneasy juxtaposition of a globalized outlook on the world with the entrapment of age-old social obligations in her self.

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The Ethics of Accepting Gifts from Pharmaceutical Companies

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.88.6.1233 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 1233-1237

Author(s):

Lewis H. Margolis

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Medical Community ◽

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Ongoing Debate ◽

The Subject

How physicians respond to the promotional activities of the pharmaceutical industry is the subject of ongoing debate and controversy. This paper postulates that the acceptance of gifts in virtually any form violates fundamental duties of the physician of nonmaleficence, fidelity, justice, and self-improvement. The medical community must articulate this position clearly, and it should act accordingly.

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INTERPERSONAL MEANING IN THE SHORT STORIES OF WILLEM ISKANDER’S SI BULUS-BULUS SI RUMBUK-RUMBUK

LINGUISTICA ◽

10.24114/jalu.v10i1.24252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 409

Author(s):

ULFA YOZA SALSABILA ◽

ELIA MASA GINTING ◽

WILLEM SARAGIH

Keyword(s):

Short Stories ◽

Short Story ◽

The Subject ◽

The Way

This study aimed to analyze the mood and modality used in the short stories of Willem Iskander’s Si Bulus-Bulus Si Rumbuk-Rumbuk, elaborating and explaining the interpersonal meaning realized in each short story. The source of data was taken from a book authored by Willem Iskander, entitled “Si Bulus- Bulus Si Rumbuk-Rumbuk”. This research showed that : (1) there were 157 clauses in the short stories with three mood types and two degrees of modality. (2) interpersonal meaning is realized based on the order of the subject and the finite. (3) the reason why the interpersonal meaning is realized in the way they are is that the author wants to share his thoughts and experiences of Mandailingnese by classifying each clause and finding the dominant use of declarative mood as the most direct and soft way of conveying the author’s thought

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Contestation of Discourse on Alcoholism among Native Americans in Joy Harjo’s The Reckoning (2002)

J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies ◽

10.20884/1.jes.2020.1.2.3456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Shofi Mahmudah Budi Utami

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Discourse Analysis ◽

Native Americans ◽

Short Story ◽

Discursive Practices ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Joy Harjo ◽

Discourse Production ◽

The Subject ◽

American Society

This study aims at revealing how the discursive practices and the discourse on alcoholism in the Native Americans is produced and contested in a short story entitled The Reckoning by Joy Harjo. The problem in this study is approached by Foucauldian concept of discourse production procedure. The method applied here is the Foucauldian discourse analysis by examining the problem through the process of formation including external and internal exclusion. Central to the analysis is that alcoholism is produced as taboo through the mother character which limits the general understanding about alcoholism; hence this discourse is possible to produce by the subject whose credentials can validate the truth. This discourse is also affirmed by the contextual prohibition which authoritatively can state the truth about alcoholism. This is further contested in the current society of how being an alcoholic would be considered as a non-native American way of life. The result indicates that alcoholism among Native American society becomes the discourse within which constraints produce considerable barriers to expose or address to this topic

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Multiple Mechanical Ventilation: historical review and cost analysis

Revista UIS Ingenierías ◽

10.18273/revuin.v21n1-2022010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yina Faizully Quintero-Gamboa ◽

Carlos Andrés Aguirre-Rodríguez ◽

Aradeisy Ibarra-Picón ◽

Edwin Rua-Ramírez ◽

Edwin Gilberto Medina-Bejarano

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Cost Analysis ◽

Historical Review ◽

Medical Community ◽

Mechanical Ventilator ◽

Mechanical Ventilators ◽

The Subject ◽

Flow Division ◽

Flow Splitter

In times of crisis in public health where the resources available in the hospital network are scarce and these must be used to the fullest, innovative ideas arise, which allow multiplying the use of existing resources, as artificial mechanical ventilators can be. These can be used in more than one patient, by attaching a device to distribute the mixture of air and oxygen from the ventilator being used simultaneously (multiple mechanical ventilation). This idea, although innovative, has generated controversy among the medical community, as many fear for the safety of their patients, because attaching such devices to the ventilator loses control over the mechanical ventilation variables of each patient and can only maintain general vigilance over the ventilator. These misgivings about the device have led several researchers to take on the task of verifying the reliability of this flow splitter connector. It is for this reason that this article presents a thorough review of the studies carried out on the subject and additionally shows an analysis of comparative costs between the acquisition of a mechanical ventilator and the flow division system.

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Shaymaa Neamah Mohammed ALMKHELIF

RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.47832/2717-8293.15.14 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 192-200

Author(s):

Sevsen Aziz HILAYIF

Keyword(s):

Short Story ◽

Historical Novel ◽

The Novel ◽

Detailed Explanation ◽

Short Summary ◽

The People ◽

Turkish Literature ◽

Turkish People ◽

The Subject ◽

Orhan Pamuk

Orhan Pamuk is considered one of the most important novelists and short story writers in Turkish Literature. The full name is Ferit Orhan Pamuk. He was born in Istanbul in 1952. He is now 69 year old and still alive. He is considered the first Turkish writer who wins Noble Prize for literature for the year 2006. He won several other prizes, one of which is Noble Prize because he has several short stories and novels. The White Castle is one of the most important novels for the author Orhan Pamuk who won the Noble Prize. It is considered a historical novel that belongs to the Ottoman Empire era in the 17th century. The novel revolves on one of the passengers who travels to Napoli through the sea. The Ottoman pirates captivate him and sell him to one of the Turkish people as slave. Both the master and the slave almost share the same features although they are from different geographic areas. The novel deals with the similarities and differences among the people of the and the people of the west in an accurate way. The concept of dream is to wish something favorable in the future. There were several types and ways of daydreams. This concept is different from one person to another. This term cannot be clearly defined because of its subjective nature. It appears in a very wide area, from the ability to maintain the thing dreamt to achieve to the world of dreams of the dreamer. Hence, the reality of daydreams is a wonderful art that is different from one person to another. We start the research by giving inclusive summary. In the Introduction, there is short summary for the life and literary personality of the Turkish author Orhan Pamuk as well as his works. The research introduces information about the novel which is the subject of the research paper. It introduces, through detailed study for the novel The White Castle, a detailed explanation about the art of dreams.

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