Explaining Differences in Decline between Industrial Sites

Well field management in urban areas faces challenges such as pollution from old waste deposits and former industrial sites, pollution from chemical accidents along transport lines or in industry, or diffuse pollution from leaking sewers. One possibility to protect the drinking water of a well field is the maintenance of a hydraulic barrier between the potentially polluted and the clean water. An example is the Hardhof well field in Zurich, Switzerland. This paper presents the methodology for a simple and fast expert system (ES), applies it to the Hardhof well field, and compares its performance to the historical management method of the Hardhof well field. Although the ES is quite simplistic it considerably improves the water quality in the drinking water wells. The ES knowledge base is crucial for successful management application. Therefore, a periodic update of the knowledge base is suggested for the real-time application of the ES.

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Disability and Work During the Industrial Revolution in Britain

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190234959.013.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Blackie

Keyword(s):

Disability Studies ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Coal Industry ◽

Historical Research ◽

Disabled People ◽

Industrial Sites ◽

The Past ◽

Paid Employment

A common claim in disability studies is that industrialization has marginalized disabled people by limiting their access to paid employment. This claim is empirically weak and rests on simplified accounts of industrialization. Use of the British coal industry during the period 1780–1880 as a case study shows that reassessment of the effect of the Industrial Revolution is in order. The Industrial Revolution was not as detrimental to the lives of disabled people as has often been assumed. While utopian workplaces for disabled people hardly existed, industrial sites of work did accommodate quite a large number of workers with impairments. More attention therefore needs to be paid to neglected or marginalized features of industrial development in the theorization of disability. Drawing on historical research on disability in the industrial workplace will help scholars better understand the significance of industrialization to the lives of disabled people, both in the past and the present.

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An Optimal Footprint Based Coverage Planning for Hydro Blasting Robots

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1194

Author(s):

Thejus Pathmakumar ◽

Madan Mohan Rayguru ◽

Sriharsha Ghanta ◽

Manivannan Kalimuthu ◽

Mohan Rajesh Elara

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Mobile Robots ◽

Numerical Simulations ◽

Labour Force ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Multi Objective Optimization ◽

Metallic Surfaces ◽

Industrial Sites ◽

Experimental Trials ◽

Time And Energy

The hydro blasting of metallic surfaces is an essential maintenance task in various industrial sites. Its requirement of a considerable labour force and time, calls for automating the hydro blasting jobs through mobile robots. A hydro blasting robot should be able to cover the required area for a successful implementation. If a conventional robot footprint is chosen, the blasting may become inefficient, even though the concerned area is completely covered. In this work, the blasting arm’s sweeping angle is chosen as the robot’s footprint for hydro blasting task, and a multi-objective optimization-based framework is proposed to compute the optimal sweeping arc. The genetic algorithm (GA) methodology is exploited to compute the optimal footprint, which minimizes the blasting time and energy simultaneously. Multiple numerical simulations are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Moreover, the strategy is successfully implemented on our hydro blasting robot named Hornbill, and the efficacy of the proposed approach is validated through experimental trials.

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Design and Implementation Scheme of QSFP28 Optical Transceiver for Long-Reach Transmission Using PAM4 Modulation

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11062803 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 2803

Author(s):

Jae-Woo Kim ◽

Dong-Seong Kim ◽

Seung-Hwan Kim ◽

Sang-Moon Shin

Keyword(s):

Form Factor ◽

Low Cost ◽

Pulse Amplitude ◽

Small Form ◽

Transceiver Design ◽

Industrial Sites ◽

Design And Implementation ◽

Design Scheme ◽

Implementation Scheme ◽

Small Form Factor

A quad, small form-factor pluggable 28 Gbps optical transceiver design scheme is proposed. It is capable of transmitting 50 Gbps of data up to a distance of 40 km using modulation signals with a level-four pulse-amplitude. The proposed scheme is designed using a combination of electro-absorption-modulated lasers, transmitter optical sub-assembly, low-cost positive-intrinsic-native photodiodes, and receiver optical sub-assembly to achieve standard performance and low cost. Moreover, the hardware and firmware design schemes to implement the optical transceiver are presented. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and the performance of the manufactured optical transceiver, thereby confirming its applicability to real industrial sites.

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Characteristics of forklift accidents in korean industrial sites

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-203402 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Kwan Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Older Workers ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Industrial Accidents ◽

Work Process ◽

Industrial Sites ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Intensive Education ◽

And Training ◽

Insurance Compensation

BACKGROUND: Although using forklifts in industrial sites contributes to productivity, many workers have been injured or killed owing to industrial accidents caused by forklifts. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the characteristics of forklift accidents by employment type and work process, thereby identifying the factors contributing to industrial accidents and providing recommendations to prevent accidents. METHODS: Data on 1,061 industrial forklift accidents occurring in 2018 collected from the national injury insurance compensation database were analyzed. In addition to analyzing the accident characteristics, this study performed a risk assessment per forklift work process. RESULTS: Many accidents were associated with older workers, those employed for < 6 months, and workplaces with ≤49 workers. The risk was the highest for accidents involving caught-in objects in the loading/unloading step and collision accidents in the forward- and backward-driving steps. CONCLUSIONS: Measures are needed to prevent industrial forklift accidents. First, forklift and worker movement routes must be strictly separated or controlled by a work supervisor. It is necessary to secure a time margin for workers to avoid collapsing cargo by using an appropriate tool/jig during loading/unloading. Second, guidance, inspection, and support are needed to promote employers’ safety and health awareness in workplaces with < 50 workers. Lastly, intensive education and training concerning health and safety is required for workers with less than six months of experience.

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Assessment of the mercury contamination of landfilled and recovered foundry waste – a case study

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2021-0043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 462-470

Author(s):

Marta Bożym ◽

Beata Klojzy-Karczmarczyk

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Mercury Content ◽

Mercury Contamination ◽

Reference Level ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Foundry Sands ◽

Industrial Sites ◽

Different Types ◽

Main Component

Abstract Environmental pollution by mercury is a local problem in Poland and concerns mainly industrial sites. Foundry waste are usually characterized by low mercury content compared to other heavy metals. Spent foundry sands with low content of Hg are the main component of foundry waste. However, Hg may be present in foundry dust, which may also be landfilled. Due to Hg toxicity, even a minimal content may have a negative impact on biota. This study focuses on assessing the mercury content of landfilled foundry waste (LFW), to assess its toxicity. Currently tested waste is recovered and reused as a road aggregate. The results were compared with the mercury content of local soils as the reference level. Waste samples were taken from foundry landfill. The mercury content, fractional composition, organic matter (OM) and total organic carbon content, pH and elementary composition of waste were analysed. It was found that the mercury content in LFW was very low, at the level of natural content in soils and did not pose a threat to the environment. The statistical analysis shows that mercury was not associated with OM of the waste, in contrast to soils, probably due to different types of OM in both materials.

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Examining the Relationship Between Racialized Poverty Segregation and Hazardous Industrial Facilities in the U.S. Over Time

American Behavioral Scientist ◽

10.1177/00027642211013417 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000276422110134

Author(s):

Kerry Ard ◽

Kevin Smiley

Keyword(s):

Multilevel Models ◽

Sociological Theory ◽

Spatial Separation ◽

The United States ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Industrial Facilities ◽

Race And Class ◽

Industrial Sites ◽

Over Time

Scholars interested in understanding the unequal exposure to environmental harms by race and class have often relied on urban sociological theory. Specifically, the argument that the outmigration of middle-class Whites and African Americans from America’s industrial areas, as well as the decline in manufacturing employment in these communities, concentrated minority poverty around industrial sites. These nested, community-level, processes have not yet been measured as such in the environmental inequality literature. This article addresses this limitation by using spatial measures of poverty segregation between and within racial groups. Multilevel models are presented that examine how the density of industrial facilities is related to the economic health of a host-tract, the broader economic context of the county, and the level of poverty segregation (both within and between racial/ethnic groups). Results demonstrate that there is a spatial separation of the economic benefits and environmental harms across the United States, a pattern that has remained consistent over time.

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