Population structure and trap success of bandicota indica (bechstein, 1800) in the four allocated study sites Magway region in Myanmar

Field studies were conducted in Central Negev within the breeding range of Laudakia stellio brachydactyla and in NE Israel (Qyriat Shemona) in the range of an unnamed form (tentatively “Near-East Rock Agama”), during March – May 1996. Additional data have been collected in Jerusalem at a distance of ca. 110 km from the first and about 170 km from the second study sites. A total of 63 individuals were caught and examined. The animals were marked and their subsequent movements were followed. Social and signal behavior of both forms were described and compared. Lizards from Negev and Qyriat Shemona differ from each other sharply in external morphology, habitat preference, population structure, and behavior. The differences obviously exceed the subspecies level. At the same time, the lizards from Jerusalem tend to be intermediate morphologically between those from both above-named localities, which permits admitting the existence of a limited gene flow between lizard populations of Negev and northern Israel. The lizards from NE Israel apparently do not belong to the nominate subspecies of L. stellio and should be regarded as one more subspecies within the species.

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IMPACT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES ON BIODIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE IN MORNI HILLS OF WESTERN HIMALAYA

International Journal on Environmental Sciences ◽

10.53390/ijes.v11i1.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anup Chandra ◽

Ashok Kumar Dhakad

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Species Richness ◽

Alien Species ◽

Invasive Alien Species ◽

Western Himalaya ◽

Lantana Camara ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Forest Communities ◽

Study Sites ◽

The Impact

Species diversity, especially in forests, is one of the most important indices used to evaluate forest productivity, sustainability of forest communities and its ecological functioning and stand structure. Invasive alien species (IAS) are usually considered to be the second greatest threat to biodiversity after habitat destruction. The present study aims to characterize estimate the species richness, dominance of certain species distribution and population structure of major species in the study areas i.e. Kalka, Morni and Pinjore forest range of Panchkula Forest Division, Haryana lies under the Shiwalik mountain range of Western Himalaya. To achieve this, phytosociological study was carried out using quadrat method to assess the impact of IAS on plant diversity. We took twenty quardrats laid down in each site (10×10m for tree layer; 3×3m for shrubby layer and 1×1m for herbaceous flora) in both, invaded sites and control sites (without any IAS). In the study sites, Lantana camara was the major threat to the native flora. In general, diversity index (H) was higher at control site, however, species richness was found to be more in Lantana infested sites for trees and more or less equal for herbs and shrubs in control sites. This indicates the invasion of L. camara after the establishment of tree species in study sites. In all sites, the seedlings have significant more number than saplings and trees. But the conversion of saplings into trees was poor as well as the production of seedlings and their survival rate was very less or drastically reduced. Thus, there is an urgent need of conservation and management of alien invasive species in Himalayas and other parts of Indian forests. Lantana camara infestation can be managed if we utilize it for making handmade papers, handicrafts, baskets, toys, etc. by involving the self help groups and village forest communities.

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Dinamika Populasi Cendana (Santalum album L.) Di Hutan Dan Kebun Di Pulau Timor Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur-Indonesia

Metamorfosa Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.24843/metamorfosa.2020.v07.i01.p12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

Yoseph Nahak Seran ◽

Sudarto Sudarto ◽

Luchman Hakim ◽

Endang Arisoesilaningsih

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Dynamic Structure ◽

Santalum Album ◽

South Central ◽

Population Structure Analysis ◽

Study Sites ◽

Growth Quality ◽

Santalum Album L ◽

Similar Growth

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is a endemic spesies of the Lesser Sunda Island (NTT), grows in deciduous forest or in private traditional plantation for centuries. Study aimed to evaluated profile dynamic structure population of sandalwood in forest and plantation in the district of South Central Timor (TTS) and North Central Timor (TTU). Population structure analysis was held by purposive sampling in eight sites comprised 87 plots. Plots size were 20x20 m2 (trees), 10x10 m2 (poles), 5x5 m2 (saplings), 2x2 m2 (seedlings). Variables observed in each plot were included density, stem diameter, height of free trunk (TBBC), height trees and saplings, crown quality and coverage. Data were analyzed by qualitative descriptively and multivariate statistics. Results showed that population structure of sandalwood varied spatially in all study sites in two district, especially density of seedlings and saplings in plantations and forests. Sandalwood trees density ranges from 0-23 ind.ha-1, poles phase 80-322 ind.ha-1, saplings phase 60-1,289 ind.ha-1, while the seedlings phase is very dominant 2,000-27,813 ind.ha-1. Higher saplings and poles density were found in two sites of TTU plantation and forest or a TTS forest. Farmer in two districts successfully cultivated sandalwood in plantation shown by similar growth quality with those of forest trees.

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Seed germination and population structure of two endangered tree species: Magnolia perezfarrerae and Magnolia sharpii

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1977 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Suria Gisela Vásquez-Morales ◽

Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Size Structure ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Reproductive Capacity ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Endangered Tree ◽

Endangered Tree Species ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Risk Of Extinction ◽

Study Sites

Background: Due to habitat fragmentation many Magnolia species are at risk of extinction in Mexico.Question: What type of population structure is exhibited by Magnolia perezfarrerae and M. sharpii, endemic species of Chiapas, Mexico? Does the extreme reduction in the population of both Magnolia affect their reproductive capacity? What is the propagation potential in both species of Magnolia? Is it necessary to use pregerminative treatments for Magnolia species propagation?Studied species: Magnolia perezfarrerae A. Vázquez & Gómez-Domínguez and Magnolia sharpii Miranda.Study sites and years of study: Highlands and Central Depression of Chiapas, Mexico, from 2015 to 2017.Methods: In this study, the density and distribution of diametric sizes of M. perezfarrerae and M. sharpii were assessed in natural populations. Their reproductive capacity and the ex-situ germination of both species was analyzed.Results: The population density in M. perezfarrerae was 40-53 ind. ha-1, and 24-83 ind. ha-1 in M. sharpii. Size structure varied between populations of each species: one apparently without problems of regeneration, and another with discontinuous distribution in several size categories. The seeds presented physical, chemical and mechanical dormancy. The pre-germination treatments applied proved mostly effective for M. sharpii by 73 % and by 64 % for M. perezfarrerae.Conclusions: The current condition of Magnoliaspecies is critical and their persistence is compromised. Any viable conservation option would need to identify potential sites for the reintroduction of new populations.

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Population structure, vegetation composition and economic potentials of Parkia timoriana in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210126 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anik Nur Hidayati ◽

ERVIZAL A.M. ZUHUD ◽

NURI ANDARWULAN

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

National Park ◽

Local Community ◽

Economic Potential ◽

Vegetation Composition ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Economic Values ◽

Conservation Values ◽

Study Sites

Abstract. Hidayati AN, Zuhud EAM, Andarwulan N. 2020. Population structure, vegetation composition and economic potentials of Parkia timoriana in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 203-210. Kedawung (Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr.) is one of rare medicinal plant species because it is only found in a small part of Indonesia. P. timoriana has high ecological and economic potential because it contains various active compounds such as anticancer. This study was aimed to investigate the population structure, vegetation community composition, and distribution, as well as the potential production and economic values of P. timoriana in rehabilitation zone in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia. The methods used were vegetation analysis, direct observation, and in-depth interviews with selected respondents using purposive sampling. We found that P. timoriana population at the study sites was only at tree and pole stages, while no sapling and seedling was found. This condition implies that regeneration of P. timoriana at the study sites was not happening which can threaten its sustainability in the future. P. timoriana dominated the vegetation at the studied sites which were indicated by the highest importance value index. Utilization of P. timoriana by the local community was by selling the seeds to medicinal industries or used as herbal medicine. While having conservation values, the management of P. timoriana stands in Andongrejo Resort also had the potential to generate economic values up to 17.6 billion rupiahs. Considering the great economic potential of P. timoriana and to ensure sustainability, so that nursery, breeding and regeneration of P. timoriana should be made in order to obtain the best quality seeds.

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Otolith shape as a tool for representing different growth in young and adult yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares, Bonnaterre, 1788)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132205011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 322 ◽

pp. 05011

Author(s):

Ririk Kartika Sulistyaningsih ◽

Bram Setyadji ◽

Hety Hartaty ◽

Arief Wujdi

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Yellowfin Tuna ◽

P Value ◽

Thunnus Albacares ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Otolith Shape ◽

Principal Coordinates ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Study Sites ◽

The Individual

The stock status of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) (YFT) in the Indian Ocean is currently concluded overfished and is subject to overfishing. The information about the YFT population structure is fundamental for effective fisheries management and conservation. The otolith shape as a tool for estimating population structure is the cheapest technique compared to other methods, such as genetic, parasite, and otolith chemistry, especially for analyzing the large samples. This study investigates the use of otolith shapes to determine the yellowfin stock from two different locations. Data collection was carried out at two locations, namely Kedonganan and Benoa, throughout 2018. Total samples collected from the two study sites were 314 otoliths, but only 147 whole otoliths could be analyzed. Image analysis was performed using ANOVA-like permutation (n=1000 to determine whether the individual can be reclassified to their sample origin. The subsequent analysis is the variations in the shape of the otolith with multivariate statistical methods using cluster analysis with Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates. The result shows that the YFT otolith Benoa is significantly different from the YFT otolith Kedonganan with the P-value = 0.0015.

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Genetic diversity and population structure of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum surface protein Pfs47 in isolates from the lowlands in Western Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0260434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0260434

Author(s):

Shirley A. Onyango ◽

Kevin O. Ochwedo ◽

Maxwell G. Machani ◽

Collince J. Omondi ◽

Isaiah Debrah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Population Structure ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Population Expansion ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Dried Blood Spots ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Western Kenya ◽

Study Sites

Plasmodium falciparum parasites have evolved genetic adaptations to overcome immune responses mounted by diverse Anopheles vectors hindering malaria control efforts. Plasmodium falciparum surface protein Pfs47 is critical in the parasite’s survival by manipulating the vector’s immune system hence a promising target for blocking transmission in the mosquito. This study aimed to examine the genetic diversity, haplotype distribution, and population structure of Pfs47 and its implications on malaria infections in endemic lowlands in Western Kenya. Cross-sectional mass blood screening was conducted in malaria endemic regions in the lowlands of Western Kenya: Homa Bay, Kombewa, and Chulaimbo. Dried blood spots and slide smears were simultaneously collected in 2018 and 2019. DNA was extracted using Chelex method from microscopic Plasmodium falciparum positive samples and used to genotype Pfs47 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Thirteen observed haplotypes of the Pfs47 gene were circulating in Western Kenya. Population-wise, haplotype diversity ranged from 0.69 to 0.77 and the nucleotide diversity 0.10 to 0.12 across all sites. All the study sites displayed negative Tajima’s D values although not significant. However, the negative and significant Fu’s Fs statistical values were observed across all the study sites, suggesting population expansion or positive selection. Overall genetic differentiation index was not significant (FST = -0.00891, P > 0.05) among parasite populations. All Nm values revealed a considerable gene flow in these populations. These results could have important implications for the persistence of high levels of malaria transmission and should be considered when designing potential targeted control interventions.

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New evidence corroborates population differentiation in Xanthoria parietina

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282907006780 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 259-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Louise LINDBLOM ◽

Stefan EKMAN

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Habitat Isolation ◽

Restricted Gene Flow ◽

Its2 Region ◽

Sequence Variations ◽

Xanthoria Parietina ◽

Study Sites ◽

New Evidence

Abstract:In order to examine genetic variation and population structure of the widespread lichen-forming ascomycete Xanthoria parietina from similar habitats, but different sites in Scandinavia, we investigated seven populations in Scania, southernmost Sweden, and compared the results with a corresponding study on Storfosna, central Norway. Sequence variations of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were used as molecular markers, for both a part of the IGS region and the complete ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. The amount of genetic variability observed was comparable in the two investigations. Divergence between populations in different habitats found in the previous study was also present in this study. Xanthoria parietina is genetically differentiated between habitats with no evidence of restricted gene flow between populations in the same habitat at the present spatial scale, at least at sites along the coast of Scandinavia. Differentiation between habitats is considerable at both study sites, which we attribute to restricted gene flow between habitats, i.e. habitat isolation.

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Short Communication: Intraspecific genetic diversity and population subdivision of rabbitfish (Siganidae: Siganus canaliculatus) in urbanized reefs of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d201017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Hawis Madduppa ◽

MUTIARA KRISTINA MARGARETHA ◽

ADITYA BRAMANDITO ◽

TRI PRARTONO ◽

BEGINER SUBHAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Short Communication ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Aquatic Organism ◽

Population Subdivision ◽

The North ◽

Siganus Canaliculatus ◽

Intraspecific Genetic Diversity ◽

Study Sites

Abstract. Madduppa H, Margaretha MK, Bramandito A, Prartono T, Subhan B, Arafat D, Anggraini NP. 2019. Short Communication: Intraspecific genetic diversity and population subdivision of rabbitfish (Siganidae: Siganus canaliculatus) in urbanized reefs of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: xxxx. Indonesian coral reefs and seagrass are heavily influenced by human activities through pollution and habitat loss, and sea-level rise or the increase of ocean temperature due to the global change. In the Jakarta Bay and Seribu Islands, marine communities have been impacted by an increase in eutrophication and sedimentation levels. As a result, these habitats became degraded and could affect their associated organisms such as rabbitfish. Genetic diversity and population structure can provide information about a long-term condition in an aquatic organism. The study was conducted to assess genetic diversity and population structure of rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) across an environmental gradient in Jakarta Bay and Seribu Islands. A total of 31 individuals were collected using gillnet in study sites. A molecular marker mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) was used to amplify DNA. The result of the phylogenetic tree formed two major clades, which generally separate northern and southern region of Seribu Islands populations. AMOVA analysis showed significant genetic differentiation between the population of Siganus canaliculatus in the north zone (National Park) and south zone Seribu Island (FST = 0.38, p<0.005). The highest haplotype diversity (Hd) of Siganus canaliculatus contained was observed in the north (Pulau Semak Daun) and south (Pulau Damar) in both as moderate (0.50). Nucleotide diversity ( ) of Siganus canaliculatus was categorized as low (0.076) to moderate (0.500). Environment and humans seem to affect the value of genetic diversity, and as the study suggests, a significant population subdivision makes this population vulnerable.

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Population structure and transmission of Mycobacterium bovis in Ethiopia

10.1101/2020.11.17.386748 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gizat Almaw ◽

Getnet Abie Mekonnen ◽

Adane Mihret ◽

Abraham Aseffa ◽

Hawult Taye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Clonal Complex ◽

Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽

Variable Number ◽

Good Representation ◽

Molecular Tools ◽

Long Distance ◽

Host Diversity ◽

Study Sites

AbstractBovine tuberculosis (bTB) is endemic in cattle in Ethiopia, a country that hosts the largest national cattle herd in Africa. The intensive dairy sector, most of which is peri-urban, has the highest prevalence of disease. Previous studies in Ethiopia have demonstrated that the main cause is Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), which has been investigated using conventional molecular tools including deletion typing, spoligotyping and Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR). Here we use whole genome sequencing (WGS) to examine the population structure of M. bovis in Ethiopia. A total of 134 M. bovis isolates were sequenced including 128 genomes from 85 mainly dairy cattle and six genomes isolated from humans, originating from 12 study sites across Ethiopia. These genomes provided a good representation of the previously described population structure of M. bovis, based on spoligotyping and demonstrated that the population is dominated by the clonal complexes African 2 (Af2) and European 3 (Eu3). A range of within-host diversity was observed amongst the isolates and evidence was found for both short- and long-distance transmission. Detailed analysis of available genomes from the Eu3 clonal complex combined with previously published genomes revealed two distinct introductions of this clonal complex into Ethiopia between 1950 and 1987, likely from Europe. This work is important to help better understand bTB transmission in cattle in Ethiopia and can potentially inform national strategies for bTB control in Ethiopia and beyond.

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