scholarly journals Immunization-campaign reaction of Saudi Arabia citizens and residents during first six months of Coronavirus vaccine existence

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Sherifa Mostafa M Sabra ◽  
Afaf Bushara M Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Immunization Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Period ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

The COVID 19 vaccine provide acquired personal immunity against Coronavirus, its effectiveness is the risk of vaccinated participants compared with unvaccinated, reduces Coronavirus infections, efficacy preventing Coronavirus infections 95%. The aim was to prove Coronavirus vaccine effectiveness during the first period six months, that was approved from WHO for KSA, as well immunization-campaign was started at 17/12/2020. So to clarify the extent of its impact on protecting the societal immunity of KSA society. The "Study Proficiency" as used on all persons in KSA, the “Intentional Physical" was prepared the questionnaires. All participants were 100% citizens and residents of KSA was showed the importance of the research topic in the KSA societal immunity. About 96% was agreed that the Coronavirus vaccine exists in KSA, 94% was explained the extent feel protected from Coronavirus infections as a result of taking the Coronavirus vaccine. About half, 46% had received the Coronavirus vaccine, 94% was explained the importance of the Coronavirus vaccine for societal immunity protection and reducing Coronavirus infections in the KSA society. While 92% was urged those who refuse the Coronavirus vaccine to take it, 85% was found an improvement in the KSA societal immunity status of society. About 92% was helped to follow the societal immunity regulations of the Coronavirus vaccine. Showed 96% was confirmed the continuation of societal immunity precautions during the Coronavirus vaccine in the immunization-campaign for vaccination period. That of 84% was affirmed Coronavirus system should be pursued in other countries in order to reduce Coronavirus infections. That found 52% was advising to follow “Precautionary Health Strategy”, 26% was recommended the Coronavirus vaccine must taken to protect the individual and the KSA society, and 14% was protection by medication or therapeutic supplements such as vitamins. It was concluded that the Coronavirus vaccine had a clear effect on protecting the individuals health and societal immunity in the KSA society during first six months of Coronavirus vaccine existence. Despite the presence of a very small number of individuals rejecting the Coronavirus vaccine. It was recommend that the Coronavirus vaccine in the KSA had demonstrated its effectiveness, and therefore citizens and residents must take the Coronavirus vaccine to preserve the KSA individuals society health and societal immunity

scholarly journals Understanding Food Waste, Food Insecurity, and the Gap between the Two: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Nora A. Althumiri ◽  
Mada H. Basyouni ◽  
Ali F. Duhaim ◽  
Norah AlMousa ◽  
Mohammed F. AlJuwaysim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Household Factors ◽  
Cooked Food ◽  
The Individual

Background: Food waste and food insecurity may co-exist in various balances in developing and developed countries. This study aimed to explore the levels of food waste and food insecurity, the factors associated with them, and their relationships at the household and individual levels in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews in January 2021. Quota sampling was utilized to generate balanced distributions of participants by gender across all the administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. Data collection included household demographics, food waste and disposal, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Results: Out of the 2807 potential participants contacted, 2454 (87.4%) completed the interview. The mean age was 31.4 (SD = 11.7; range = 18–99) and 50.1% were female. The weighted prevalence of uncooked food waste in the last four weeks was 63.6% and the cooked food waste was 74.4%. However, the food insecurity weighted prevalence at the individual level (FIES) was 6.8%. In terms of food insecurity at the household level (HFIAS), 13.3% were in the “severely food insecure” category. Moreover, this study found that “moderately food insecure” households were associated with an increased likelihood to waste uncooked food (relative risk (RR) = 1.25), and the “mildly food insecure” (RR = 1.21) and “moderately food insecure” (RR = 1.17) households were associated with an increased likelihood to waste cooked food. However, “food secure” households were associated with a decreased likelihood to waste cooked food (RR = 0.56). Finally, this study identified four household factors associated with food waste and three household factors that were associated with “severe food insecurity.” Conclusions: This first national coverage study to explore food waste and food insecurity at the individual level and household level, identified household factors associated with food waste and food insecurity and identified new associations between food waste and food insecurity in Saudi Arabia. The associations found between food waste and food insecurity are potential areas of intervention to reduce both food waste and food insecurity at the same time, toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets related to food waste and food security.

Digital competences of the workforce – a research topic?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Murawski ◽  
Markus Bick
Keyword(s):  
Research Topic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Considering working in the digital age, questions on the consequences for the individual workers are, so far, often neglected. The purpose of this paper is to deal with the question of whether the digital competences of the workforce is a research topic. The authors argue for the thesis that it is indeed a research topic. Design/methodology/approach In addition to a literature analysis of the top IS, HR, and learning publications, non-scientific sources, as well as the opinions of the authors, are included. The authors’ thesis is challenged through a debate of corresponding pros and cons. Findings The definition of digital competences lacks scientific depth. Focussing on the workforce is valid, as a “lifelong” perspective is not mandatory for research. Digital competence research is a multidisciplinary task to which the IS field can make a valuable contribution. Research limitations/implications Although relevant references are included, some aspects are mainly driven by the opinions of the authors. The theoretical implications encompass a call for a scientific definition of digital competences. Furthermore, scholars should focus on the competences of the workforce, including occupations, roles, or industries. The authors conclude by providing a first proposal of a research agenda. Practical implications The practical implications include the alignment of multiple stakeholders for the design of “digital” curricula and the integration by HR departments of the construct of digital competences, e.g. for compensation matters and job requirements. Originality/value This paper is one of very few contributions in the area of the digital competences of the workforce, and it presents a starting point for future research activities.

scholarly journals Power analysis in a SMART design: sample size estimation for determining the best embedded dynamic treatment regime

Biostatistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J Artman ◽  
Inbal Nahum-Shani ◽  
Tianshuang Wu ◽  
James R Mckay ◽  
Ashkan Ertefaie
Keyword(s):  
Power Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
R Package ◽  
Treatment Regime ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Dynamic Treatment Regime ◽  
Dynamic Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Summary Sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial (SMART) designs have become increasingly popular in the field of precision medicine by providing a means for comparing more than two sequences of treatments tailored to the individual patient, i.e., dynamic treatment regime (DTR). The construction of evidence-based DTRs promises a replacement to ad hoc one-size-fits-all decisions pervasive in patient care. However, there are substantial statistical challenges in sizing SMART designs due to the correlation structure between the DTRs embedded in the design (EDTR). Since a primary goal of SMARTs is the construction of an optimal EDTR, investigators are interested in sizing SMARTs based on the ability to screen out EDTRs inferior to the optimal EDTR by a given amount which cannot be done using existing methods. In this article, we fill this gap by developing a rigorous power analysis framework that leverages the multiple comparisons with the best methodology. Our method employs Monte Carlo simulation to compute the number of individuals to enroll in an arbitrary SMART. We evaluate our method through extensive simulation studies. We illustrate our method by retrospectively computing the power in the Extending Treatment Effectiveness of Naltrexone (EXTEND) trial. An R package implementing our methodology is available to download from the Comprehensive R Archive Network.

scholarly journals Immunization: Occupational Risks in Nursing Workers within the Scope of the Family Health Strategy

10.3823/2331 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosângela Alves Almeida Bastos ◽  
Georgiana De Sousa Garrido ◽  
Francisca Das Chagas Alves de Almeida ◽  
Gutenberg Alves Pequeno ◽  
Joberto De Carvalho Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Health ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Health Strategy ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Individual

Objective: The study aimed to identify the occupational hazards to which workers are exposed in nursing working in immunization room of the family health strategy of the municipality of Conde-Paraíba. Methods: this was an exploratory study, descriptive and qualitative. The survey was conducted in basic health units of the municipality of Conde-PB, using a semi-structured interview script, as a tool for data collection, with objective and subjective questions that addressed the topic. Have been followed all ethical and legal precepts of research involving humans. Results and discussion: Nursing workers working in immunization of the said rooms municipality do not have enough knowledge about the occupational hazards to which they are exposed in their work environment, use the individual protection equipment making them vulnerable to a variety of risk situations and contributing to the increase in the number of occupational accidents. Conclusion: The present research demonstrated through the lines of the participants that they are exposed to various occupational hazards to act in vaccine, and that the recognition of these risks is necessary to the development of action for prevention, elimination or control of them. Permanent education is the primary tool for nursing workers acquire knowledge about occupational accidents, their causes and ways to avoid them, thus minimizing the risks that may exist in the workplace. Keywords: Nursing; Occupational Hazards; Immunization.

scholarly journals Free to move or trapped in your group: Mathematical modeling of information overload and coordination in crowded populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (09) ◽  
pp. 1831-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ciallella ◽  
Emilio N. M. Cirillo ◽  
Petru L. Curşeu ◽  
Adrian Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Number Of Individuals

We present modeling strategies that describe the motion and interaction of groups of pedestrians in obscured spaces. We start off with an approach based on balance equations in terms of measures and then we exploit the descriptive power of a probabilistic cellular automaton model.Based on a variation of the simple symmetric random walk on the square lattice, we test the interplay between population size and an interpersonal attraction parameter for the evacuation of confined and darkened spaces. We argue that information overload and coordination costs associated with information processing in small groups are two key processes that influence the evacuation rate. Our results show that substantial computational resources are necessary to compensate for incomplete information — the more individuals in (information processing) groups the higher the exit rate for low population size. For simple social systems, it is likely that the individual representations are not redundant and large group sizes ensure that this non-redundant information is actually available to a substantial number of individuals. For complex social systems, information redundancy makes information evaluation and transfer inefficient and, as such, group size becomes a drawback rather than a benefit. The effect of group sizes on outgoing fluxes, evacuation times and wall effects is carefully studied with a Monte Carlo framework accounting also for the presence of an internal obstacle.

scholarly journals Family planning KAP survey in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4798
Author(s):  
Enas A. Dhaher
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Individual

Background: Family planning practices could be determined through adopting proper knowledge and positive couple attitudes towards the use of family planning which would most likely result in favourable family decisions which would benefitted both the individual and the overall country welfare.Methods: A cross sectional study has been conducted using a structured questionnaire administered through face-to-face interview to a convenient sample of 151 pregnant women attending the obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient clinic at the Armed Forces Hospital in the southern region of Saudi Arabia in December 2014.Results: The results revealed that modern methods were popular among women. In general we found positive attitudes towards family planning among the sampled women as two third of the women have ever used contraceptives. However, the present study showed that 34% of women had unmet need of family planning. Women’s age, marriage years and number of children were all found to be associated factors with unmet need.Conclusions: National organized family planning programs might help satisfying the family planning needs for the families. Further studies regarding southern men’s knowledge and attitudes towards family planning is recommended. 

scholarly journals Genome-health nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics: nutritional requirements or ‘nutriomes’ for chromosomal stability and telomere maintenance at the individual level

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bull ◽  
Michael Fenech
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Chromosomal Stability ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Genome Damage ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
The Individual

It is becoming increasingly evident that (a) risk for developmental and degenerative disease increases with more DNA damage, which in turn is dependent on nutritional status, and (b) the optimal concentration of micronutrients for prevention of genome damage is also dependent on genetic polymorphisms that alter the function of genes involved directly or indirectly in the uptake and metabolism of micronutrients required for DNA repair and DNA replication. The development of dietary patterns, functional foods and supplements that are designed to improve genome-health maintenance in individuals with specific genetic backgrounds may provide an important contribution to an optimum health strategy based on the diagnosis and individualised nutritional prevention of genome damage, i.e. genome health clinics. The present review summarises some of the recent knowledge relating to micronutrients that are associated with chromosomal stability and provides some initial insights into the likely nutritional factors that may be expected to have an impact on the maintenance of telomeres. It is evident that developing effective strategies for defining nutrient doses and combinations or ‘nutriomes’ for genome-health maintenance at the individual level is essential for further progress in this research field.

Labelling experiments and phase-age distributions for multiphase branching processes

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell ◽  
W. H. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Branching Process ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Cell Labelling ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Joint Probability Density

A supercritical age-dependent branching process is considered in which the lifespan of each individual is composed of four phases whose durations have joint probability density f(x1, x2, x3, x4). Starting with a single individual of age zero at time zero we consider the asymptotic behaviour as t→ ∞ of the random variable Z(4) (a0,…, an, t) defined as the number of individuals in phase 4 at time t for which the elapsed phase durations Y01,…, Y04,…, Yi1,…, Yi4,…, Yn4 of the individual itself and its first n ancestors satisfy the inequalities Yij ≦ aij, i = 0,…, n, j = 1,…, 4. The application of the results to the analysis of cell-labelling experiments is described. Finally we state an analogous result which defines (conditional on eventual non-extinction of the population) the asymptotic joint distribution of the phase and elapsed phase durations of an individual drawn at random from the population and the phase durations of its ancestors.

Optimal selection based on relative ranks with a random number of individuals

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Gianini-Pettitt
Keyword(s):  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Stopping Rule ◽  
Secretary Problem ◽  
Asymptotic Results ◽  
Fixed Integer ◽  
Bounded Random Variable ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Number Of Individuals

In one version of the familiar ‘secretary problem’, n rankable individuals appear sequentially in random order, and a selection procedure (stopping rule) is found to minimize the expected rank of the individual selected. It is assumed here that, instead of being a fixed integer n, the total number of individuals present is a bounded random variable N, of known distribution. The form of the optimal stopping rule is given, and for N belonging to a certain class of distributions, depending on n, and such that E(N) → ∞ as n → ∞, some asymptotic results concerning the minimal expected rank are given.

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