Association of allele variants of gene Rf with red fruit color of apple cultivars of ukrainian breeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
K. Udovychenko ◽  
Ya. Ivanovych ◽  
N. Triapitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Aim. To estimate the possibilities of using the promising apple cultivars, created by the Institute of Horticul- ture (IH) NAAS, in the breeding programs according to the availability of valuable allele variants of gene Rf, related to red color of apple fruit. Methods. Polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis in agarose gel, the evaluation of phenotype manifestation of the color trait of apple skin according to the grading system. Results. 17 genotypes of apple cultivars of different genetic origin, including 12 cultivars, breeded by IH NAAS, were identifi ed by allele variants of gene Rf. The comparison was made between the genetic analysis results and visual observations of the phenotype manifestation of fruit skin color of different apple cultivars. Conclusions. Apple cultivars Amulet, Perlyna Kyeva and Edera, which are homozygous carriers of dominant alleles А 1 and А 2 of gene Rf are recommended as basic forms in selection programs. It was demonstrated that exact prediction of apple skin color was possible only in case of the available homozygous genotype by both alleles of gene Rf.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Phosphorus Improves Apple Fruit Color During Ripening

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franci Štampar ◽  
Jan Bizjak ◽  
Robert Veberič ◽  
Jerneja Jakopič
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Apple Production

The red color of skin is a much desired property in apple production. For better red fruit coloration the applications of foliar fertilizers on the basis of calcium and phosphorus are used. In the present study ‘Braeburn’ apple trees were sprayed twice with Phostrade Ca (phosphorus), 5 and 3 weeks before harvest. In 7-days intervals fruit color, the content of flavonoids and enzyme activity involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins have been monitored. Foliar application of Phostrade Ca caused a more intense red skin color of apples and higher anthocyanin content. Their level increased during ripening, in treated apples the content of total anthocyanins was 20-fold higher at harvest while in control apples only 9-fold higher compared to the initial values. Cyanidin 3-galactoside was the most abundant anthocyanin (80 to 86% of total anthocyanins), followed by cyanidin 3-arabinoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-xyloside and cyanidin 7-arabinoside. Prostrade Ca increased the levels of all quercetin glycosides, with the exception of quercetin 3-rhamnoside. No significant influence of Phostrade Ca on the content of hydroxycinnamic acids, dihydrochalcones, flavanols and total phenolics has been monitored. The activity of FHT and DFR increased during ripening but Phostrade Ca influenced only higher activity of DFR.

Expression analysis of MYB genes in different apple cultivars with distinct coloration pattern during fruit maturation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Emine Ece Mercan ◽  
Mehtap Şahin-Çevik
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Abstract Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments responsible for red, pink, purple or blue coloration in the flesh and/or skin of apple fruit. Since consumers prefer anthocyanin rich fruits due to their health benefits, anthocyanin content is an important trait for marketability of apples. Synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins are controlled by environmental and genetic factors such as transcription factors (TFs). Two-repeat (R2R3) MYB TFs are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. In this study, the expression of the MdMYBA and MdMYB3 genes encoding R2R3 type MYB TFs were analyzed in apple cultivars with fruit skin color from green to dark red at different growth stages. Fruit samples were collected from “Scarlet Spur”, “Galaxy Gala”, Golden Delicious” “Granny Smith” apple cultivars with dark red, light red, yellow and green fruits, respectively, at four different time periods after full-bloom. Total RNA was isolated from the peel of the collected fruits and the expression of the MdMYBA and MdMYB3 genes was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. The expression of the MdMYBA gene started to increase at 92 DAFB and thereafter in red-skin apples; however, no expression was observed at any time points in yellow or green-skin apple cultivars. On the other hand, the MdMYB3 gene was expressed in red-skin and yellow-skin apple cultivars starting at 55 DAFB, but no expression was observed in green apple cultivar at any time of fruit maturation. The expression levels of the MdMYBA and MdMYB3 genes varied in apple fruits with different skin coloration indicating that they play a role regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple cultivars during fruit maturation.

scholarly journals Analysis of wild sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) germplasm diversity in south-east Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evica Mratinic ◽  
Milica Fotiric-Aksic ◽  
Radmila Jovkovic
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Germplasm Diversity ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Ten wild growing sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genotypes from South-East Serbia with different fruit skin color were analyzed for its phenological, morphological and chemical traits. Agronomic evaluation of germplasm accessions revealed considerable diversity among different accessions for all the characters studied. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all genotypes for almost all examined properties. Cluster analysis showed adequate grouping of wild sweet cherry genotypes according to pomological characterization and distinguished them into two distinct groups. The first group had two subgroups and consisted of seven genotypes, while the second one included only three accessions. Despite of the significant differences among genotypes, the total concentration of phenols made a clear separation between the clusters. The level of genetic diversity in these wild sweet cherry genotypes is very high and therefore these trees are useful sources of variability for attributes studied and can be employed in further breeding programs or conservation.

scholarly journals Complete Sequences of the S-genes, Sd- and Sh-RNase cDNA in Apple

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Kitahara ◽  
Junichi Soejima ◽  
Hiromitsu Komatsu ◽  
Hirokazu Fukui ◽  
Shogo Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Complete Sequences ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
S Genes

The S-locus genes in the pistil (S-RNases) were cloned from the apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivar Akane (S-genotype SdSh from pollination analysis). The Sd- and Sh-RNase corresponded to S7- and S24-RNase, which have been cloned from `Idared' and `Braeburn', respectively. Sh-RNase was very similar to Sf- and Sg-RNases at the deduced amino acid-sequence levels (93%). We developed an S-allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis method for distinguishing the Sh from Sf and Sg, and the Sh-alleles of `Akane', `Touhoku 2', `Vista Bella', and `Worcester Pearmain' were identified. We also identified the S-allele genotypes of 16 apple cultivars.

scholarly journals Development of SSR Databases Available for Both NGS and Capillary Electrophoresis in Apple, Pear and Tea

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2796
Author(s):  
Sogo Nishio ◽  
Miyuki Kunihisa ◽  
Fumiya Taniguchi ◽  
Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae ◽  
Shigeki Moriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Computational Pipeline ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
A Value ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Simple Sequence

Developing new varieties in fruit and tea breeding programs is very costly and labor-intensive. Thus, establishing a variety discrimination system is important for protecting breeders’ rights and producers’ profits. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) databases that can be utilized for both next-generation sequencing (SSR-GBS) and polymerase chain reaction–capillary electrophoresis (PCR-CE) would be very useful in variety discrimination. In the present study, SSRs with tri-, tetra- and pentanucleotide repeats were examined in apple, pear and tea. Out of 37 SSRs that showed clear results in PCR-CE, 27 were suitable for SSR-GBS. Among the remaining markers, there was allele dropout for some markers that caused differences between the results of PCR-CE and SSR-GBS. For the selected 27 markers, the alleles detected by SSR-GBS were comparable to those detected by PCR-CE. Furthermore, we developed a computational pipeline for automated genotyping using SSR-GBS by setting a value “α” for each marker, a criterion whether a genotype is homozygous or heterozygous based on allele frequency. The set of 27 markers contains 10, 8 and 9 SSRs for apple, pear and tea, respectively, that are useful for both PCR-CE and SSR-GBS and suitable for automation. The databases help researchers discriminate varieties in various ways depending on sample size, markers and methods.

scholarly journals A Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Method to Specifically Detect Alternaria alternata Apple Pathotype (A. mali), the Causal Agent of Alternaria Blotch of Apple

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 973-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Johnson ◽  
L. Johnson ◽  
K. Kohmoto ◽  
H. Otani ◽  
C. R. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Alternaria Blotch ◽  
High Level ◽  
Host Specific Toxins

Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (previously A. mali) causes Alternaria blotch on susceptible apple cultivars through the production of a host-specific toxin, AM-toxin. Identification of some Alternaria species, especially those that produce host-specific toxins, has been extremely difficult due to a high level of variability which extends even to nonpathogenic isolates. We have recently cloned and characterized a gene (AMT) that plays a crucial role in AM-toxin biosynthesis and demonstrated that it is only present in isolates of A. alternata apple pathotype. Using primers designed for the AMT gene, we developed a polymerase chainreaction-based method to specifically detect AM-toxin producing isolates of A. alternata apple pathotype.

Impact of Endothelial NOS VNTR variant on suspectibility to diabetic neuropathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serbulent Yigit ◽  
Ayse Feyda Nursal ◽  
Suheyla Uzun ◽  
Husniye Rustemoglu ◽  
Payam Amiri Dashatan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Enos Gene ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Purpose:: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the VNTR intron 4b/4a variant in the eNOS gene is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and DPN. Methods:: A total of 598 subjects were enrolled into the study. eNOS VNTR 4b/4a variant was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results:: eNOS VNTR intron 4b/4b genotype and b allele increased in patients with both DPN and T2DM compared healthy controls (p=0.0005, OR:1.94, p= 0.000002, OR:4.10, respectively). 4a/4b genotype was more prevalent in controls than in DPN and T2DM patients (p=0.00008, OR:0.46; p=0.000004, OR:0.24, respectively). eNOS VNTR b allele was more common in DPN patients and T2DM patients compared with controls (p=0.007, p=0.00002, respectively). Conclusion:: The eNOS VNTR “4b/4b” homozygous genotype and hence "4b"allele as genetic risk factor for T2DM and DPN, which may serve as a useful marker of increased susceptibility to the risk of these disorders.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of fifteen microsatellite loci in Brazilian (blue-egg Caipira) chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Vieira Fonteque ◽  
Jaqueline Battilana ◽  
Ediane Paludo ◽  
Carlos André da Veiga Lima-Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Marker Locus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The City

The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic polymorphism of fifteen microsatellites loci in Brazilian (blue-egg Caipira) chickens. Samples were collected from 100 blue eggs of Caipira chickens from rural properties in the city of Dois Lajeados, RS. After DNA extraction, the fragments related to molecular markers LEI0248, LEI0221, LEI0214, LEI0192, LEI0217, LEI0254, LEI0194, LEI0212, MCW0371, ADL0278, LEI0234, MCW0183, MCW0216, MCW0330 and MCW0081 were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The statistical analysis were carried out with the softwares ARLEQUIN 3.5 version and CERVUS 3.0.3 version. The allelic and genotypic frequencies, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, estimates of observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) were obtained for each marker locus. A total of 186 alleles from 15 loci were obtained, with sizes ranging of 83 to 490 base pairs. The medium number of alleles was 12.4, the HE was 0.76±0.14 and HO was 0.49±0.21 and PIC was 0.706. The first conclusion is that the microsatellites used are polymorphic and can be used to genetic studies in chickens. The second is that the "Caipira" chicken (blue eggs) population investigated has a great genic variability, which makes than an important source of genetic resources for future animal breeding programs.

scholarly journals Anthocyanin Composition and MybA-related Genotype in Kyoho Grape and Its Derivatives

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1766-1771
Author(s):  
Xiucai Fan ◽  
Renzong Zhao ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Chonghuai Liu ◽  
Jinggui Fang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Related Genotype ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anthocyanin Composition

In this study, we measured the anthocyanin composition and content in the ‘Kyoho’ grape cultivar and its derivatives via ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and characterized the MybA-related genes at the color locus via capillary electrophoresis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A total of 30 anthocyanins (15 monoglucoside and 15 diglucoside) were detected. Peonidin-3-O-(t-6''-O-coumaroyl)-glucoside-5-O-glucoside was the most abundant component, and the content of malvidin-3-O-(c-6''-O-coumaroyl)-glucoside-5-O-glucoside was low in all cultivars. All 49 cultivars contained VvmybA1, VvmybA2, and VvmybA3, whereas only the black-skinned cultivars contained VlmybA2. The anthocyanin content in the cultivars that contained VlmybA2 was significantly higher than other cultivars. These results could provide information for future color breeding programs in grapes.

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