scholarly journals Biological and physicochemical properties of cymbidium mosaic virus

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
N.I. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
L.A. Maksymenko ◽  
L.F. Didenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Cymbidium Mosaic Virus ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Viral Preparation

The isolated cymbidium mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most wide-spread and dangerous pathogens that infects promising varieties of orchids. It causes characteristic symptoms on orchid plants, which are manifested in the form of a mosaic. Over time, these areas are necrotized, leading to the stop of flowering the plants and reducing their decorative value. The CyMV is not spread by insects-carriers, but is transmitted by the mechanical inoculation with juice. Electron microscopy revealed flexible filamentous viral particles with a length of about 500 nm. The purified viral preparation is sedimented with a single peak with a sedimentation coefficient of 142S. The floating density of the virus in the preformed CsCl gradient corresponded to 1.3 g/cm3. The electrophoretic analysis of proteins in polyacrylamide gel under denatured conditions showed the presence of two polypeptides with molecular weights of 27 and 31 kDa. RNA CyMV has a molecular weight of 2 · 106 Da. In the translation system of rabbit reticulocytes in vitro, a protein with a molecular weight of about 27 kDa is synthesized. The obtained data allow us to refer CyMV to the group of potexviruses.

Toxicity of Heparinoids, with Special Reference to the Precipitation of Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 232-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sasaki ◽  
T Takemoto ◽  
S Oka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Close Relationship

SummaryTo demonstrate whether the intravascular precipitation of fibrinogen is responsible for the toxicity of heparinoid, the relation between the toxicity of heparinoid in vivo and the precipitation of fibrinogen in vitro was investigated, using dextran sulfate of various molecular weights and various heparinoids.1. There are close relationships between the molecular weight of dextran sulfate, its toxicity, and the quantity of fibrinogen precipitated.2. The close relationship between the toxicity and the precipitation of fibrinogen found for dextran sulfate holds good for other heparinoids regardless of their molecular structures.3. Histological findings suggest strongly that the pathological changes produced with dextran sulfate are caused primarily by the intravascular precipitates with occlusion of the capillaries.From these facts, it is concluded that the precipitates of fibrinogen with heparinoid may be the cause or at least the major cause of the toxicity of heparinoid.4. The most suitable molecular weight of dextran sulfate for clinical use was found to be 5,300 ~ 6,700, from the maximum value of the product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity). This product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity) can be employed generally to assess the comparative merits of various heparinoids.5. Clinical use of the dextran sulfate prepared on this basis gave satisfactory results. No severe reaction was observed. However, two delayed reactions, alopecia and thrombocytopenia, were observed. These two reactions seem to come from the cause other than intravascular precipitation.

scholarly journals Anticoagulant Properties of a Green Algal Rhamnan-type Sulfated Polysaccharide and Its Low-molecular-weight Fragments Prepared by Mild Acid Degradation

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Liu ◽  
Peng Du ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Sujian Cao ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Green Algal

The active sulfated polysaccharide from seaweed possesses important pharmaceutical and biomedical potential. In the study, Monostroma sulfated polysaccharide (MSP) was obtained from Monostroma angicava, and the low-molecular-weight fragments of MSP (MSP-Fs: MSP-F1–MSP-F6) were prepared by controlled acid degradation. The molecular weights of MSP and MSP-F1–MSP-F6 were 335 kDa, 240 kDa, 90 kDa, 40 kDa, 24 kDa, 12 kDa, and 6.8 kDa, respectively. The polysaccharides were sulfated rhamnans that consisted of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ units with partial sulfation at C-2 of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and C-3 of →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→. Anticoagulant properties in vitro of MSP and MSP-F1–MSP-F6 were evaluated by studying the activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and prothrombin time. Anticoagulant activities in vivo of MSP and MSP-F4 were further evaluated; their fibrin(ogen)olytic activities in vivo and thrombolytic properties in vitro were also assessed by D-dimer, fibrin degradation products, plasminogen activator inhibitior-1, and clot lytic rate assays. The results showed that MSP and MSP-F1–MSP-F4 with molecular weights of 24–240 kDa had strong anticoagulant activities. A decrease in the molecular weight of MSP-Fs was accompanied by a decrease in the anticoagulant activity, and higher anticoagulant activity requires a molecular weight of over 12 kDa. MSP and MSP-F4 possessed strong anticoagulant activities in vivo, as well as high fibrin(ogen)olytic and thrombolytic activities. MSP and MSP-F4 have potential as drug or helpful food supplements for human health.

scholarly journals Characterization of proteins from the cytoskeleton of Giardia lamblia

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Crossley ◽  
D.V. Holberton
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Molecular Weights

Proteins from the axonemes and disc cytoskeleton of Giardia lamblia have been examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition to tubulin and the 30 X 10(3) molecular weight disc protein, at least 18 minor components copurify with the two major proteins in Triton-insoluble structures. The most prominent minor bands have the apparent molecular weights of 110 X 10(3), 95 X 10(3) and 81 X 10(3). Protein of 30 X 10(3) molecular weight accounts for about 20% of organelle protein on gels. In continuous 25 mM-Tris-glycine buffer it migrates mostly as a close-spaced doublet of polypeptides, which are here given the name giardins. Giardia tubulin and giardin have been purified by gel filtration chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Well-separated fractions were obtained that could be further characterized. Both proteins are heterogeneous when examined by isoelectric focusing. Five tubulin chains were detected by PAGE Blue 83 dye-binding after focusing in a broad-range ampholyte gel. Giardin is slightly less acidic than tubulin. On gels it splits into four major and four minor chains with isoelectric points in the pI range from 5.8 to 6.2. The amino acid composition of the giardin fraction has been determined, and compared to Giardia tubulin and a rat brain tubulin standard. Giardins are rich in helix-forming residues, particularly leucine. They have a low content of proline and glycine; therefore they may have extensive alpha-helical regions and be rod-shaped. As integral proteins of disc microribbons, giardins in vivo associate closely with tubulin. The properties of giardins indicate that in a number of respects - molecular size, charge, stoichiometry - their structural interaction with tubulin assemblies will be different from other tubulin-accessory protein copolymers studied in vitro.

Salivary secretions from the honeybee mite, Varroa destructor: effects on insect haemocytes and preliminary biochemical characterization

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. RICHARDS ◽  
BENJAMIN JONES ◽  
ALAN BOWMAN
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Puncture Wound ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Insect Haemocytes

SUMMARYIntroduction. The ectoparasitic honey bee mite Varroa destructor feeds on the haemolymph of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, through a single puncture wound that does not heal but remains open for several days. It was hypothesized that factors in the varroa saliva are responsible for this aberrant wound healing. Methods. An in vitro procedure was developed for collecting salivary gland secretions from V. destructor. Mites were incubated on balls of cotton wool soaked in a tissue culture medium (TC-100), and then induced to spit by topical application of an ethanolic pilocarpine solution. Results. Elution of secretions from balls of cotton wool, followed by electrophoretic analysis by SDS-PAGE and electroblotting indicated the presence of at least 15 distinct protein bands, with molecular weights ranging from 130 kDa to <17 kDa. Serial titration of V. destructor salivary secretions in TC-100 followed by an 18-h incubation with haemocytes from the caterpillar, Lacanobia oleracea, indicated that the secretions damage the haemocytes and suppresses their ability to extend pseudopods and form aggregates. Conclusion. We suggest that these secretions facilitate the ability of V. destructor to feed repeatedly off their bee hosts by suppressing haemocyte-mediated wound healing and plugging responses in the host.

scholarly journals Variations in the Methionine-rich Protein Composition of the Genus Arachis1

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh M. Basha ◽  
Sunil K. Pancholy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Isoelectric Points

Abstract Methionine-rich proteins (MRP) from seeds of different species of the Genus Arachis were isolated and analyzed by gel electrophoresis to detect possible compositional differences. One-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis showed presence of quantitative and qualitative variations among the MRP-fractions. Following two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the MRP-fractions were found to contain three groups of polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of approximately 21,000; 19,000 and 16,000, and isoelectric points between 5.1 and 5.8. Within each molecular weight group the number of polypeptides varied between 1 and 3.

scholarly journals Effect of molecular size of 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) on its pinocytosis by rat visceral yolk sacs and rat peritoneal macrophages

1981 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Duncan ◽  
M K Pratten ◽  
H C Cable ◽  
H Ringsdorf ◽  
J B Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Molecular Weight Distributions

Rates of pinocytosis of different molecular-weight distributions of 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) by rat visceral yolk sacs and rat peritoneal macrophages were measured in vitro. Four preparations of mean molecular weights 50 000, 84 000, 700 000 and 7 000 000, were used. Macrophages captured the highest-molecular-weight preparation more rapidly than the other preparations. In contrast, rate of capture by the yolk sac decreased with increasing molecular weight. Incubations with a very-high-molecular-weight fraction derived from the 7 000 000-average-mol. wt. preparation clearly demonstrated that very large polymer molecules are not accumulated by the yolk sac, but are preferentially captured by macrophages. Analysis of the 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) internalized by the two cell types confirmed that low-molecular-weight material is preferred by the yolk sac, whereas the macrophage is less discriminating.

Production of multiple forms of glucoamylase in Aspergillus awamori

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 762-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resham S. Bhella ◽  
Illimar Altosaar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
In Vitro Translation ◽  
Aspergillus Awamori ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Specific Mrnas

The biosynthesis of glucoamylases in Aspergillus awamori was studied by in vivo protein labelling and analysis of glucoamylase-specific mRNAs. Two types of glucoamylases with molecular weights of 100 000 and 82 000 were shown to be synthesized de novo. Deglycosylation of the 100 000 molecular weight glucoamylase type resulted in the formation of another glucoamylase form with molecular weight of about 94 000. De novo synthesis of two types of glucoamylases was further confirmed by the existence of two types of glucoamylase-specific mRNAs, as demonstrated by in vitro translation and Northern blot analysis studies.

scholarly journals Radiopaque Chitosan Ducts Fabricated by Extrusion-Based 3D Printing to Promote Healing After Pancreaticoenterostomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoen Pan ◽  
Chaoqian Zhao ◽  
Zeya Xu ◽  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Tianhong Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Pancreatic Duct Stent ◽  
3D Printed

Long-term placement of non-degradable silicone rubber pancreatic duct stents in the body is likely to cause inflammation and injury. Therefore, it is necessary to develop degradable and biocompatible stents to replace silicone rubber tubes as pancreatic duct stents. The purpose of our research was to verify the feasibility and biological safety of extrusion-based 3D printed radiopaque chitosan (CS) ducts for pancreaticojejunostomy. Chitosan-barium sulfate (CS-Ba) ducts with different molecular weights (low-, medium-, and high-molecular weight CS-Ba: LCS-Ba, MCS-Ba, and HCS-Ba, respectively) were soaked in vitro in simulated pancreatic juice (SPJ) (pH 8.0) with or without pancreatin for 16 weeks. Changes in their weight, water absorption rate and mechanical properties were tested regularly. The biocompatibility, degradation and radiopaque performance were verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results showed that CS-Ba ducts prepared by this method had regular compact structures and good molding effects. In addition, the lower the molecular weight of the CS-Ba ducts was, the faster the degradation rate was. Extrusion-based 3D-printed CS-Ba ducts have mechanical properties that match those of soft tissue, good biocompatibility and radioopacity. In vitro studies have also shown that CS-Ba ducts can promote the growth of fibroblasts. These stents have great potential for use in pancreatic duct stent applications in the future.

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