scholarly journals Dynamics of Mouse-Like Rodent Communities in Anthropogenically Disturbed Territories of the Southeast of Western Siberia (Kemerovo Region, Russia)

Zoodiversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Ilyashenko ◽  
Luchnikova ◽  
Danilov ◽  
Kovalevsky ◽  
Zubko
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Rodent Communities ◽  
Sørensen Index

We studied the dynamics of mouse-like rodent communities in the area of self-growing vegetation, which had undergone deforestation. The research is based on the results of continuous monitoring conducted from 1978 to 2019. Pitfall traps was the method of catching small mammals during the monitoring period. We used Simpson’s Diversity Index to quantify species diversity. The community similarity was evaluated by the percentage of species through Czekanowski-Sørensen Index. The studies were carried out near the “Azhendarovo” Biological Station (54°45ʹ N, 87°01ʹ E). The results of the studies showed that natural primeval communities of the taiga zone before deforestation were characterized by a multidominant structure. The dominant group included the Alexandromys oeconomus Pallas, 1776, and codominant species are represented by the genus Clethrionomys. A characteristic feature of the small mammals’ population of taiga forests is the preponderance of the Apodemus peninsulae (Thomas, 1907) over the Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771. On meadowlands, the genus Microtus voles prevailed. These were largely the Al. oeconomus, which accounted for 43% of all mouse-like rodents. After the deforestation, the structure changed. In the early stage of deforestation, the dominant species among rodents was the Al. oeconomus. The composition of dominant species in the recovering areas of cut-down taiga began to approach to the original state 40 years after the deforestation. Meadow communities followed the path of transformation, having no analogs in the initial period and were characterized by a significant amount of ruderal vegetation.

Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Steppe Species

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>

Microbial ecology of untreated and copper–chrome–arsenic treated stakes exposed in a tropical soil. 1. The initial invaders

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1923-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Greaves
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Ground Treatment ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
Copper Chrome Arsenic

A study of the microbial ecology of copper–chrome–arsenic treated and untreated Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus regnans sapwood ground stakes exposed for a total of [Formula: see text] years is currently being made. The results presented in this report cover the initial colonization period during the first 7 months of exposure. Soft rot in the outer layers of both species of untreated wood occurs after only 1 month in the ground. Treatment with CCA prevents the early attack of pine but is not as effective in the eucalypt, nor does it appear to have a significant effect upon the diversity of microorganisms which colonize the two woods. For the first 2 months Penicillia are the predominating members of the population. Trichoderma viride, Paecilomyces fumo-roseus, and Cladosporium spp. are also frequently isolated. At 4 months more active soft-rotting fungi can be isolated, e.g. Chaetomium globosum and Humicola grisea, together with Fusaria and Phycomycetes. Bacteria colonize the stakes at a very early stage, the population changing little over this initial period of the study. Actinomycetes were not isolated until the wood had been in the ground for a month or more after which their importance in the population has steadily increased. Basidiomycetes were microscopically observed in sections of the stakes but have not been isolated to date.

scholarly journals Makroalgae di Paparan Terumbu Karang Kepulauan Anambas

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Achmad Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Sargassum Polycystum ◽  
Marine Flora

Macroalgae research in Anambas Islands that is the reef flats Jemaja, Pemutus and Matak Waters was carried onJune 2005. Survey method on the research using quadrat transect. Macroalgae is a marine flora which containsChlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae. Biodiversity in the research location was 18 species. Thehigher diversity index (H) was 0.24 and equitability index (e) was 0,105. The higher density of species were 207individuals. Dominant species was 22,83% by Sargassum polycystum.

scholarly journals Flea Communities on Small Mammals in Lowland Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Baláž ◽  
Martina Zigová
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Small Mammal Species

AbstractThe landscape of south-western Slovakia is characterised by anthropogenous reshaping, while fragments of undisturbed, waterlogged habitats have been preserved in what remains of the meandering ancient Žitava River. These refuges are inhabited by various small mammal species and their blood-sucking ectoparasites. Between 2014 and 2018, research on them was carried out in Slovakia’s Danubian Lowland (Podunajská nížina) during three out of the four seasons (spring, summer and autumn). The small mammals were captured at 27 localities. The occurrence of nine flee species from the Hystrichopsyllidae, Ctenophthalmidae and Ceratophyllidae families was documented on 12 small burrowing mammals. During the course of all the seasons in which research was conducted, Ctenophthalmus agyrtes, C. assimilis, Megabothris turbidus a Nosopsyllus fasciatus were found, among the most dominant species to be seen on small burrowing mammals.

scholarly journals Assessing the Mobility of Elderly People in Domestic Smart Home Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Friedrich ◽  
Enno-Edzard Steen ◽  
Sebastian Fudickar ◽  
Andreas Hein
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Motion Sensor ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Mobility Assessment ◽  
Smart Home Environments

A continuous monitoring of the physical strength and mobility of elderly people is important for maintaining their health and treating diseases at an early stage. However, frequent screenings by physicians are exceeding the logistic capacities. An alternate approach is the automatic and unobtrusive collection of functional measures by ambient sensors. In the current publication, we show the correlation among data of ambient motion sensors and the wellestablished mobility assessment Short-Physical-Performance-Battery and Tinetti. We use the average number of motion sensor events for correlation with the assessment scores. The evaluation on a real-world dataset shows a moderate to strong correlation with the scores of standardised geriatrics physical assessments.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Benthos communities in Laoting area of Hebei Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Li Guanglou ◽  
Cao Hongmei ◽  
Ye wei
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Benthic Community ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Benthic Community Structure ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Richness Index

According to a survey of benthos in the Laoting sea area of Hebei Province on May 24th 2019, a total of 40 benthos species were obtained, of which mollusks have the largest number, followed by annelids and arthropods. The dominant species are Sternaspis sculata and Ringicula doliaris. The number of species obtained in this survey is much lower than the historical average. The diversity index is significantly lower than that in the April 2008 survey, and the evenness index and richness index have declined slightly, indicating that the benthic community structure in this sea area tends to be simplistic, stability tends to deteriorate.

scholarly journals Avian Diversity Along An Altitudinal Gradient In Highveld/Drakensberg Grasslands

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Turtle Dove ◽  
Avian Assemblages ◽  
Group Species

Abstract Temperature and rainfall related to altitudinal gradients influence ecological and evolutionary responses of organisms to physical factors. In this study, the line transect method was used during the years 1996–2001 to compare resident (potentially breeding) bird communities in three altitudinal divisions in Highveld/Drakensberg grasslands in Lesotho: lowlands (< 1700 m a. s. l.), foothills (1700–2200 m a. s. l.) and highlands (> 2200 m a. s. l.). In total, 105 resident species were recorded. The total number of species recorded in lowlands was higher than that in highlands and foothills, but this difference was not statistically significant. The highland and foothill did not differ in numbers of species. A group of five species dominated at all three sites, and the proportion of dominant species in relation to the whole assemblage was very similar. The composition of the dominant group (species with more than 5 % of pairs) and the group of species most often encountered (in more than 80 % of transects) was, however, different. Only two species, Cape Canary Serinuscanicollis and Karoo Prinia Priniamaculosa were dominant in all three study areas, and just one species, the Cape Bunting Emberizacapensis, was dominant in two plots. Similarly, only two species, the Cape Turtle-Dove Streptopelia capicola and Cape Canary had a high frequency of occurrence in all three study areas, and two otherspecies, theKaroo Prinia and Cape Bunting — in two study areas. Simpson’s Diversity Index was strikingly the same (S = 0.96) for all three avian assemblages (lowland, foothill and highland) investigated. However, proportions of breeding pairs of some congeneric species were found to change with the altitude. The granivores were more common (44–45 %) in the foothills and highlands than in lowlands (36%), while insectivores were more common in the highlands (50 %) than in foothills and lowlands (36–37 %). In general, avifauna is relatively diverse and unique in the Highveld/Drakensberg grasslands. Results presented here provide data for further investigation of the effect of the supposed climate warming on the diversity and structure of avian communities.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns Differentially Affect Microbiome Composition and Function in a Porcine Model of Obesity-related Metabolic Disorder (OR23-04-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Solano-Aguilar ◽  
Jonathan Shao ◽  
Joseph Urban ◽  
Sukla Lakshman ◽  
Saebyeol Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To determine the impact of two isocaloric diets containing (38% ,15% and 47% energy from fat, protein and carbohydrate, respectively): Western diet (WD) rich in saturated fat, refined carbohydrate, low in fiber and high in cholesterol, and a heart healthy diet (HHD) rich in unsaturated fat, unrefined carbohydrate, fruits/vegetables, high in fiber and low in cholesterol, on the composition and function of the gut microbiome Methods Thirty-Ossabaw pigs were fed WD or HHD diets with half within each group therapeutically treated with statin (atorvastatin [Lipitor]). The fecal microbiome was analyzed one and six months after dietary intervention by 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic function was empirically inferred Results Genus diversity was transiently affected with a reduced Shannon Diversity index one month after feeding the WD or HHD (FDR P < 0.05) with no change between groups at 6 months. Bacterial communities were clustered and separated by diet independent of gender and separated by treatment with statin in the HHD only. Verrucomicrobiaceae (Akkermansia) and Methanobacteriales (Methanobrevibacter) were increased in pigs as early as one month after feeding the HHD, as was Clostridiales and Bifidobacterium (associated with optimal intestinal health). There was an enrichment of Proteobacteria (Succinivibrionaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae) in pigs fed the WD. Additional members of the Firmicutes phylum were detected. Diet-dependent associations (all P < 0.05) were identified between Lachnospiraceae members and early host dyslipidemia, inflammation, and atheromatous lesions in the left anterior descending proximal (LAD) and LAD/Left circumflex (LCX) bifurcation six months post-intervention. Conclusions These data document for the first time a distinctive bacterial profile in Ossabaw pigs with a diet-induced dyslipidemia and early stage atherosclerosis. Taken together these results represent a new model to examine mechanistic pathways of dietary patterns and/or drug interactions and its effect on modulating microbiome in developing atherosclerosis. Funding Sources USDA project 8040-51530-056-00 and Inter Agency USDA Agreement 588-1950-9-001 between BHNRC and Jean Mayer USDA-HNRCA

scholarly journals Changing Microarthropod Communities in Front of a Receding Glacier in the High Arctic

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz ◽  
Bogna Zawieja ◽  
Izabella Olejniczak ◽  
Piotr Skubała ◽  
Anna K. Gdula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Sites

This study was carried out at Ny-Ålesund on Spitsbergen in Svalbard (High Arctic). Eight study sites were established along a transect from the fjord to the snout of the glacier. The sites differed from each other by the type of vegetation cover and soil characteristics. Soil samples were collected and placed in Tullgren funnels. Extracted arthropods were represented by two groups of mites (Mesostigmata and Oribatida) and springtails (Collembola). The pioneer species that occurred first after retreat of the glacier were representatives of the Collembola (Agrenia bidenticulata and Hypogastrura concolor). Later, other springtails appeared including Folsomia alpha, Folsomia quadrioculata, Hypogastrura concolor, Isotoma anglicana, Sminthurinus concolor and the first species of oribatid mites; Camisia foveolata and Tectocepheus velatus velatus. Arthropod communities recorded along the transect were characterized by large variations in both species composition and abundance of individuals. The greater the distance from the glacier snout, the greater the species richness (2 to 22 species). The mean number of species per sample was the lowest at site 8 (1 ± 0.71) (the closest to the glacier) and greatest at site 1 (14 ± 1.41) (furthest from the glacier). The Simpson’s diversity index (D) was distinctly greater at sites 1 (4.61 ± 0.06) and 3 (3.94 ± 0.11) than at other sites, especially site 8 (1.07 ± 0.06). Densities were least in the samples closest to the glacier (30 to 101 individuals; density 3000–10,100 individuals/m2). At the other locations, abundance was highly variable (905 to 7432 individuals; density 90,500–743,200 individuals/m2). The mean abundances were greatest at sites 2 and 3. The great variations in total abundances observed were often due to the presence or absence of one or more dominant species exhibiting extreme abundance variability between sites. The microarthropod community of the High Arctic is composed of heterogeneous circumpolar species, yet on a landscape scale is extremely dependent on local environmental conditions which may be subject to rapid change.

scholarly journals Effects of land use history and inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumberinum Owen on soil nematodes communities

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hua ◽  
X. Lin ◽  
W. Shen ◽  
R. Yin ◽  
Y. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Fruiting Stage ◽  
Plant Parasites ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

AbstractA pot culture experiment was carried out to study the effects of land use history and inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumberinum Owen (Foc) on soil nematodes communities during the cucumber growing season in 2007. The results showed that land use history and inoculation had significant effects on the abundance and diversity of soil nematodes. Bacterivores were found to be the most dominant group in this study. Irrespective of inoculation, numbers of fungivores, plant-parasites and values of trophic diversity index (TD) and plant-parasites index (PPI) were greater in greenhouse soils (GH) than in open field vegetable soils (OF) during the growth period of cucumber. While, the number of omnivores-predators and values of richness (SR) and maturity index (MI) presented an opposite trend. Foc inoculation had noticeable effects on numbers of plant-parasites and some taxa, such as Helicotylenchus, Epidorlaimus at flowering stage and Aphelenchus, Tobrilus at fruiting stage. Besides, inoculation significantly affected values of PPI at flowering stage and TD at fruiting stage, respectively. The faunal analysis showed that soil food web in GH was highly disturbed and in OF was degraded.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document