scholarly journals Jamiat Kheir dan Al-Irsyad: Kajian Komunitas Arab dalam Modernisasi Pendidikan Islam Awal Abad XX di Jakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid Hasyim ◽  
Pauzan Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Education System ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Arab People ◽  
Early Establishment

Sejak  abad 18 Orang Arab telah berbondong-bondong mendatangi tanah Batavia karena dianggap tempat yang memesona dan menjanjikan. Sejak itu pula orang Arab telah menjadi salah satu bagian multikulturalisme di Jakarta. Mereka berkecimpung dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan dan mencoba berbaur dengan orang Pribumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran komunitas Arab di Jakarta dalam modernisasi Pendidikan Islam di awal abad XX di Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Wawancara dilakukan kepada tokoh-tokoh-tokoh Jami’at Kheir dan Al-Irsyad; Observasi, dengan mengunjungi langsung sekolah-sekolah yang dimiliki oleh organisasi Jami’at Kheir dan Al-Irsyad; Dokumentasi dengan mengamati naskah-naskah pendirian awal sekolah Jami’at Kheir dan Al-Irsyad.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orang-orang Arab telah memainkan peran yang cukup penting dalam pendidikan Islam di Jakarta. Mereka bersumbangsih besar dalam modernisasi pendidikan Islam di Jakarta pada awal abad 20, melalui dua organisasi yang didirikannya di Jakarta, Jami’at Kheir dan Al-Irsyad. Mereka mengabdikan diri dalam pendidikan Islam dan mencetuskan konsep baru sistem pendidikan Islam di Jakarta. Since the 18th century Arab People had come to the land of Batavia because it was considered a charming and promising place. Since then, Arab People have become a part of multiculturalism in Jakarta. They are involved in various aspects of life and try to blend in with the Indigenous people. This study aims to analyze the role of the Arab community in Jakarta in the modernization of Islamic Education in the early XX century in Jakarta. The method used in this study was qualitative by conducting interviews, observation and documentation. Interviews were conducted with prominent figures of Jami'at Kheir and Al-Irshad; observation, by visiting schools directly owned by the Jami'at Kheir and Al-Irshad organizations; documentation by observing manuscripts of the early establishment of the Jami'at Kheir and Al-Irshad schools. The Arab People had also played a significant role in Islamic education in Jakarta. They contributed greatly to the modernization of Islamic education in Jakarta in the early 20th century, through the two organizations was founded in Jakarta, Jami'at Kheir and Al-Irshad. They devoted themselves to Islamic education and sparked a new concept of the Islamic education system in Jakarta.

scholarly journals The Islamic Education Reform Early 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
M. Fahim Tharaba ◽  
Mukhibat Mukhibat
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Education System ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Times ◽  
Agent Of Change

Abstract: The Islamic education reform comprises a change that affects people’s choice of education as an agent of change and human and capital investment. Thus, it is a need to modernize the thought of renewing Islamic education according to the time’s advances. The study of the Islamic education reform in early 20th century has become relevant in the context of valuable lessons for reform and or modernization of Islamic education in subsequent developments. This research employed a philosophical and implemental approach. It was bibliographic research with the content analysis of the meaning and substance contained in the whole thought about the reform of the Islamic education in early 20th century. This study found that there were three patterns of renewal of Islamic education; (1) modern orientation in Europe, (2) the refinement of Islamic teachings, and (3) nationalism reform. The concept of Islamic education reform encompasses all ideas that are guided by the Qur’an and Sunnah, and continues to follow the times consciously and systematically and directed towards the interests that refer to the progress of science and technology, and based on faith and devotion (IMTAQ). The reform of the Islamic education system has included both the conceptual-theoretical and operational-practical levels, as well as the fundamental aspects that underlie the students’ lives; it is monotheistic faith which has a monolatry dimension of piety to God. It encourages and ignites to play a real role in all aspects of life.الملخص: إصلاح التعليم الإسلامي هو شكل من أشكال التغيير الذي يؤثر على اختيار الناس للتعليم كعامل للتغيير والاستثمار البشري ورأس المال. فلذلك, يجب تحديث فكرة مجددي التعليم الإسلامي دائما وقفا بالزمان الواقع أومما هو أبعد وأجدد منه. أصبحت دراسة إصلاح التعليم الإسلامي في أوائل القرن العشرين مناسبا وأكثر اهتماما من أجل استكشاف التجارب القيمة أو المعلومات أو الإمكانات المتعلقة بتطوير التعليم الإسلامي في المستفبل. استخدم الباحث المنهج الفلسفي والمنهج التنفيذي على أنواع ببليوغرافية مع تحليل محتوى المعنى والمضمون المتضمن في جميع التفكير حول إصلاح التعليم الإسلامي في أوائل القرن العشرين. وجد الباحث في هذا البحث على الأقل ثلاثة انماط لتجديد التربية الإسلامية. الأول كمنحى التحديث في أوروبا, والثاني للتخليص التعاليم الإسلامية, والثالث كالتحديث الوطنية. يشمل مفهوم إصلاح التعليم الإسلامي جميع المفاهيم التي يسترشد بها القرآن والسنة ويثبت في متابعة الزمان وتشير إلى تقدم العلم والتكنولوجيا على أساس الإيمان والتقوى بالله. يشمل تحديث نظام التعليم الإسلامي كلا من المستويات المفاهيمية النظرية والعملية الواقعية بالإضافة إلى المفاصل الأساسية التي تؤسس حياة الطلاب وهو الإيمان والتوحيد بالله تعالى من أجل تشجيع وتحفيز الطلاب ليلعب دورا حقيقيا في جميع مجال الحياة.Abstrak: Reformasi pendidikan Islam merupakan bentuk perubahan yang mempengaruhi pilihan masyarakat terhadap pendidikan sebagai agent of change dan human and capital investmen. Maka, pemikiran pembaharuan pendidikan Islam harus selalu dimodernisasi sesuai bahkan melampaui perkembangan zaman. Kajian reformasi pendidikan Islam awal abad-20 ini menjadi sangat relevan dalam rangka pelajaran berharga untuk reformasi dan atau modernisasi pendidikan Islam dalam perkembangan selanjutnya. Penelitian dengan pendekatan filosofis dan implementatif ini bersifat penelitian bibliografic resarch dengan content analysis terhadap makna dan substansi yang terkandung dalam keseluruhan pemikiran tentang reformasi pendidikan Islam awal abad-20. Kajian ini menemukan setidaknya ada tiga pola pembaharuan pendidikan Islam; (1) oreintasi modern di Eropa, (2) untuk pemurnian kembali ajaran Islam, (3) pembaharuan bersifat nasionalisme. Konsep reformasi pendidikan Islam meliputi segala konsep yang berpatok kepada al-Qur’an dan Sunnah, dan tetap mengikuti perkembangan zaman yang secara sadar dan sistematis serta terarah pada kepentingan yang mengacu pada kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (IPTEK), dan dilandasi dengan keimanan dan ketaqwaan  (IMTAQ). Pembaharuan sistem Pendidikan Islam  telah mencangkup baik pada tataran konseptual-teoritis maupun operasional-praktis,  serta sendi-sendi fundamental yang mendasari kehidupan peserta didik, yaitu iman tauhid yang berdimensi ketakwaan yang monoloyal kepada Allah, dalam rangka mendorong dan memacu untuk berperan nyata dalam semua lini kehidupan.

ABOUT CUSTOMS BUSINESS IN TURKESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th -EARLY 20th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Chinpulat Kurbanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Development

The author in this scientific article examines the stage-by-stage development and formation of customs in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th -early 20th centuries. The author studied the history of customs in Turkestan and its role in establishing a single customs line in the future with neighboring khanates. The author focuses on the role of Russia in the establishment of a single customs line and the development of customs in Turkestan

An international hierarchy of science: conquest, cooperation, and the 1959 Antarctic Treaty System

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406612110338
Author(s):  
Joanne Yao
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Status ◽  
Antarctic Treaty System

The Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), created in 1959 to govern the southern continent, is often lauded as an illustration of science’s potential to inspire peaceful and rational International Relations. This article critically examines this optimistic view of science’s role in international politics by focusing on how science as a global hierarchical structure operated as a gatekeeper to an exclusive Antarctic club. I argue that in the early 20th century, the conduct of science in Antarctica was entwined with global and imperial hierarchies. As what Mattern and Zarakol call a broad hierarchy, science worked both as a civilized marker of international status as well as a social performance that legitimated actors’ imperial interests in Antarctica. The 1959 ATS relied on science as an existing broad hierarchy to enable competing states to achieve a functional bargain and ‘freeze’ sovereignty claims, whilst at the same time institutionalizing and reinforcing the legitimacy of science in maintaining international inequalities. In making this argument, I stress the role of formal international institutions in bridging our analysis of broad and functional hierarchies while also highlighting the importance of scientific hierarchies in constituting the current international order.

Generations on paper: Bourdieu and the critique of ‘generationalism’

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semi Purhonen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Karl Mannheim ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Potential Source

This article first examines the role of the concept of generation in Pierre Bourdieu’s work. It shows that Bourdieu’s usage of the concept of generation varied throughout his œuvre and that Bourdieu seldom if ever used the concept in the same sense as Karl Mannheim and many subsequent sociologists who have understood generation as a potential source of identity and political mobilization. However, and second, the article argues that Bourdieu’s sociology does have much to offer for the sociological study of generations, but only if we stop concentrating on those rare passages in which he explicitly used the word ‘generation’. We should focus instead on his more general approach to the genesis of social groupings, classification struggles and the difficult relationships of representation. The application and extension of Bourdieu’s ideas demonstrated here can provide a welcome antidote to so-called generationalism – a simplified and exaggerated picture of generations, which dates back to early 20th-century European intellectuals and which can still be found in today’s popular discourses as well as in academic studies.

scholarly journals Restoration Work in the Main Sanctuary of Amun of the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Urszula Kraśniewska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Mediterranean Archaeology ◽  
The University ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The Sanctuary of Amun of the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari was, starting from the early 18th century, gradually discovered, and has been analyzed by many researchers and scientists. In the late 19th century E. Naville was the first to concentrate to an significant extent on the Sanctuary rooms, which resulted in the elaboration of a vast architectural description prepared by Somers Clarke, his cooperator. In the early 20th century, Herbert Winlock conducted studies and analyses of the Sanctuary rooms. In 1961, a concession for conducting works was assigned to the Polish Station of Mediterranean Archaeology of the University of Warsaw, directed by Prof. Kazimierz Michałowski. Since that time, Polish Missions have conducted numerous architectural and conservation as well as epigraphic works, gradually ordering and reconstructing the Sanctuary.

scholarly journals Islamic Education System in Singapore: Current Issues and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-222
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman ◽  
Idi Warsah ◽  
Ali Murfi
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Management Curriculum ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis

Although Singapore cannot be used as a model for global Islamic education, this country has quite several madrasahs. The Singapore government is also quite responsive in providing support for the continuation of Islamic education activities. This study aims to analyze the Islamic education system—madrasah management and curriculum in Singapore. Most importantly, this study identifies how the role of madrasahs in the Singapore education system is. The study in this paper is qualitative. This study uses library research, and the method of content analysis and constant comparative analysis becomes the first option of the writer. The results show that Singapore's Islamic Ugama Majlis (MUIS) plays a significant role in monitoring and managing the development of Islamic education in Singapore, which performs three types of Islamic education, Part-Time Education, Full Time Education, and Islamic Study Program for the Community. MUIS created a special curriculum by proposing the Singapore Islamic Education System (SIES) by introducing the ALIVE curriculum. The role and relevance of madrasahs cannot be underestimated or dismissed because the growing Muslim community and society will always need the right channels for real Islamic education regardless of how progressive or modern it is. This paper provides a broad view of madrasah in Singapore and looks at management, curriculum, and the role of madrasahs.

Kainar: A Late 18th to Early 20th Century Ritual and Housing Complex in the Northern Ustyurt

2022 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
S. E. Azhigali ◽  
L. R. Turganbayeva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
Housing Complex

This is the fi rst description of a key Kazakh recent permanent settlement at Donyztau, in the northern Ustyurt. Such sites, evidencing major historical processes during the transition of nomadic pastoralists to a semi-sedentary lifestyle (mid-19th to early 20th century), are known as “ritual and housing complexes” (RHC). Kainar, a highly representative site, is viewed as a socio-cultural phenomenon and an integral architectural and landscape ensemble. The excavation history of RHCs in the Donyztau area and their evolution are discussed, and the role of ascetics such as Doszhan-Ishan Kashakuly is described. We highlight separate parts of the complex (the settlement and cemetery) and their elements. The architecture of the RHC is reconstructed with regard to structure, function, and continuity with the landscape. The layout of the site as a whole and of the madrasah with its typical elements are compared with those of similar sites in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. A reconstruction of the complex is proposed and the function of public halls is interpreted. The role of the cemetery and of its parts in the structure of the RHC is evaluated; the evolution of its spatial organization is traced. Types of memorial complexes are listed in terms of harmony with the landscape, archaic beliefs, architecture, and style, specifi cally stone carving. The historical and cultural signifi cance of Kainar as a source of knowledge about the transition to a semi-sedentary way of life and the Islamization of the steppe is discussed.

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