scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of leaf shape in selected and semi-domesticated genotypes as new tool of Argania spinosa L. Skeels breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Ilham Rahmouni
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Central Location ◽  
Argania Spinosa ◽  
Gxe Interaction ◽  
North Western ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Half Sibling

Leaves are part of the plant organs that are important to sustain its life. These organs are sensitive to climate changes and may present phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental conditions. However, affirmation of the leaves morphological plasticity and their regulation in different environments is still little studied up to date. In the present research, we evaluated performance of 20 different groups of Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels genotypes (half-sibling). Each group contains 3 half-sibs. Genotype × environment interactions (GxE) were evaluated as well, for shape and size leaves. To perform this, geometric morphometric principles were applied to analyze genotypes morphology in three locations (Central, North-Western and South-Western of Morocco). Univariate and multivariate analysis was used for data analysis. Results showed significant variation of symmetric and asymmetric components for genotypes, half-sibling and location with relatively high variation coefficient (ca 60%). Shape and size differences among genotypes, suggest that they were the main source in leaf morphology variation. Canonical Variate Analysis of leaf shapes reveals that the regions are clearly distinct from each other. For symmetric component analysis, Mahalanobis distances values among locations reached 35.53 between South-Western and North-Western locations, 21.88 North-Western and Central locations and 18.29 for South-Western and Central location. The differentiation between the groups using the Canonical Variations value showed a significant effect of the environment on the studied argan tree genotypes. Small leaves and narrow blades were observed in Central location compared to others. However, leaves originated from South-Western location had mainly an ovate shape. The same genotypes presented a high spectrum of shape variation varying from obovate to ovate in the other regions. This study highlights the strong correspondence between leaf morphology and genotype within different environments, and demonstrates that GxE interaction shave an impact to take into consideration in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Plasticity of Leaf Shape along a Temperature Gradient in Acer rubrum

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e7653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. Royer ◽  
Laura A. Meyerson ◽  
Kevin M. Robertson ◽  
Jonathan M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Acer Rubrum

scholarly journals Leaf shape is a predictor of fruit quality and cultivar performance in tomato

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Rowland ◽  
Kristina Zumstein ◽  
Hokuto Nakayama ◽  
Zizhang Cheng ◽  
Amber M. Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
List Type ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tomato Crop

SummaryCommercial tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. Heirloom tomatoes retain extensive genetic diversity and a considerable range of fruit quality and leaf morphological traits.Here the role of leaf morphology was investigated for its impact on fruit quality. Heirloom cultivars were grown in field conditions and BRIX by Yield (BY) and other traits measured over a fourteen-week period. The complex relationships among these morphological and physiological traits were evaluated using PLS-Path Modeling, and a consensus model developed.Photosynthesis contributed strongly to vegetative biomass and sugar content of fruits but had a negative impact on yield. Conversely leaf shape, specifically rounder leaves, had a strong positive impact on both fruit sugar content and yield. Cultivars such as Stupice and Glacier, with very round leaves, had the highest performance in both fruit sugar and yield. Our model accurately predicted BY for two commercial cultivars using leaf shape data as input.This study revealed the importance of leaf shape to fruit quality in tomato, with rounder leaves having significantly improved fruit quality. This correlation was maintained across a range of diverse genetic backgrounds and shows the importance of leaf morphology in tomato crop improvement.

scholarly journals To the question of the origin of the cultural assortment   of Dagestan apricots through assessing the variability   of leaf morphological characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
D. M. Anatov ◽  
Z. M. Аsadulaev ◽  
R. M. Osmanov ◽  
K. I. Akhmedova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Traditional Cultivars ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Aim. The paper presents the results of assessment of the indigenous nature and  degree of similarity of apricot cultivars growing in the collection of the Mountain  Botanical Garden, Gunib, Dagestan, Russia based on a comparative analysis of the  variability of leaf morphological characteristics.   Material and Methods. The material assessed consisted of 33 apricot cultivars of  various ecological and geographical origins aggregated in the following groups: (a)  Dagestan – traditional cultivars; (b) Moscow ‐ selection from the Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences based on wild forms of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; (c) European and (d) Asian ‐ from Central Asia, Tajikistan, China  and Altai.   Results. The closeness of Dagestan and European varieties in comparison with Asian  and Moscow varieties was shown. Most Dagestan (16 of 19) and European varieties  have round‐shaped leaves (leaf shape index 80‐ 100%), while those from Asia and  the Moscow Botanical Garden have leaves which are elongated elliptical and oval  (60‐80%). Using the method of principal component analysis (PCA), it was established that most cultivars of Dagestan origin have similar leaf shapes and sizes, of  which Tlama kurak (wide‐round), Hekobarsh (elongated) were distinguished by leaf  shape and Esdelik by leaf size.   Conclusion. Based on a discriminant analysis (Squared Mahalanobis Distances), it  was found that the indices of indicators of leaf attributes (width/length of leaf lamina; petiole length/length of lamina; apex angle/corner of leaf base) are more reliable criteria for differentiating apricot varieties into ecological and geographical  groups than their morphological characteristics.  

scholarly journals Studies on macromorphological taxonomic variations in Abutilon species of Indian Thar Desert

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1929
Author(s):  
Ilham Bano ◽  
Deora G.S.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Thar Desert ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Seed Structure ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant ◽  
Shape And Size

Abutilon is an important medicinal plant. Its various plant parts such as leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds were used to treat various diseases and ailments from the ancient time. Present work deals with the investigation of three species of Abutilonviz. Abutilon indicum, Abutilon pannosumand Abutilon ramosum with a view to study macro morphological variations and to identify a set of diagnostic characters for individual Abutilon species. Distinct variations exist in stem surface and colour, leaf shape and size, flower diameter, fruit colour, shape and size, number of mericarps per fruit and seed structure. All these macromorphological variations were helpful in identification and delineation of the plant species.

scholarly journals Ceropegia jinshaensis (Apocynaceae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan, China

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Zhi-Kun Wu ◽  
Jie Cai ◽  
Lei Cai ◽  
De-Tuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Upper Yangtze River ◽  
The Upper Yangtze River ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Northwestern Yunnan ◽  
Shape And Size

Ceropegia jinshaensis D.T.Liu & Z.K.Wu (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan along the upper Yangtze river of China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to C. meleagris H. Huber, C. dorjei C. E. C. Fischer and C. aridicola W. W. Smith, but can be distinguished easily by its leaf shape and floral features, especially the corolla shape and size, the interior of corolla tube and coronal characters.

scholarly journals The significance of shared leaf shape in Alseuosmia pusilla and Pseudowintera colorata

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl G. Yager ◽  
H. Martin Schaefer ◽  
Kevin S. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Shape And Size

Leaf shape, size, and colour are used by herbivores to identify sources of palatable foliage for food. It is possible, therefore, that an undefended plant might gain protection from herbivores by matching leaf characteristics of a chemically defended species. We demonstrate the use of a geometric morphometric approach to quantify spatial variation in leaf shape and size across populations of Pseudowintera colorata (Raoul) Dandy, and a putative Batesian mimic, Alseuosmia pusilla (Colenso) A. Cunningham. These are unrelated, sympatric species that, to the human eye, bear strikingly similar foliage. Using the Cartesian coordinates of leaf margins as descriptors of leaf shape, we found that in the chemically defended P. colorata, leaves were morphologically distinct from all of the neighbouring species except for the undefended A. pusilla. Alseuosmia pusilla individuals were more similar to neighbouring than to distant P. colorata, and 90% of leaf shape variation in the two species varied similarly across an altitudinal gradient. The data are consistent with Batesian mimicry, wherein the conspicuous characteristic of a defended model is replicated by an undefended mimic across its entire growing range. Our study provides the first detailed and powerful quantitative leaf shape evidence of leaf shape being matched between an undefended plant species to a chemically defended unrelated species across a shared growing range, and highlights the importance of using a spatially explicit morphometric method when investigating leaf shape, especially in relation to plant mimicry.

A new species of Centaurea (Asteraceae) from East Anatolia, Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŞÜKRAN KÜLTÜR ◽  
MEHMET BONA ◽  
EBRU ÖZDEMİR NATH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Cauline Leaf ◽  
East Anatolia ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Shape And Size

Centaurea malatyensis Ş. Kültür & M. Bona sp. nova (Asteraceae) is described as new to science from East Anatolia (B6: Malatya: Turkey). It is morphologically similar to C. leptophylla but differs mainly in its stem, basal and cauline leaf shape and size, achene, pappus and phyllary appendages. The geographical distribution of the new species and its relatives is mapped. The ecology and conservation status of the new species is also presented. Micromorphological structures of achenes of C. malatyensis and C. leptophylla are examined by SEM.

Verbascum seydisehirense (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Konya, Central Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 450 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
DENİZ ULUKUŞ ◽  
OSMAN TUGAY ◽  
COŞKUN SAĞLAM
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Central Turkey ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Shape And Size

Verbascum seydisehirense (Scrophulariaceae), endemic to the Konya region of Central Anatolia, is described as new species based on the plant’s morphological features. The new species is morphologically similar to Verbascum phrygium, but it differs from it for basal leaf shape, calyx size, corolla size, corolla indumentum and glands, and capsule shape and size. In this study, a detailed description, illustration, distribution map, conservation status and ecology of the new species are provided. Additionally, the study looks in detail at pollen grains and seed coat ornamentation of Verbascum seydisehirense and includes SEM micrographs.

A new species of Cinnamomum and notes on the status of C. palghatensis in Western Ghats, India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 326 (4) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
M. P. GEETHAKUMARY ◽  
S. DEEPU ◽  
A. G. PANDURANGAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
The Status ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Shape And Size

Cinnamomum gamblei, a new species of Lauraceae is described from Western Ghats, India. The new species resembles C. macrocarpum by having large fruit, but is easily recognized by its habit, leaf morphology, shape and size of tepals and 4-locellate stamens in whorl III. A detailed description along with images, distribution details, comparison with related species and other relevant notes are provided for its easy identification. The status of C. palghatensis is also discussed here.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of Passiflora leaves: the relationship between landmarks of the vasculature and elliptical Fourier descriptors of the blade

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Chitwood ◽  
Wagner C. Otoni
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Fourier Descriptors ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Pairwise Correlation ◽  
Leaf Patterning ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Node Position

AbstractBACKGROUNDLeaf shape among Passiflora species is spectacularly diverse. Underlying this diversity in leaf shape are profound changes in the patterning of the primary vasculature and laminar outgrowth. Each of these aspects of leaf morphology—vasculature and blade—provides different insights into leaf patterning.RESULTSHere, we morphometrically analyze >3,300 leaves from 40 different Passiflora species collected sequentially across the vine. Each leaf is measured in two different ways: using 1) 15 homologous Procrustes-adjusted landmarks of the vasculature, sinuses, and lobes and 2) Elliptical Fourier Descriptors (EFDs), which quantify the outline of the leaf. The ability of landmarks, EFDs, and both datasets together are compared to determine their relative ability to predict species and node position within the vine. Pairwise correlation of x and y landmark coordinates and EFD harmonic coefficients reveals close associations between traits and insights into the relationship between vasculature and blade patterning.CONCLUSIONSLandmarks, more reflective of the vasculature, and EFDs, more reflective of the blade contour, describe both similar and distinct features of leaf morphology. Landmarks and EFDs vary in ability to predict species identity and node position in the vine and exhibit a correlational structure (both within landmark or EFD traits and between the two data types) revealing constraints between vascular and blade patterning underlying natural variation in leaf morphology among Passiflora species.

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