HEART PUMP AND OXYGENATOR

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1128
Author(s):  
W. T. Mustard
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Artificial Heart ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
World War ◽  
Heart Pump ◽  
The World ◽  
Cardiac Bypass ◽  
Selection Of

THIS PAPER is a general review of the development of the artificial heart-lung to facilitate open-heart surgery. At the close of World War II many centers began investigating the possibility of total cardiac bypass. Oven the past decade, pump oxygenerators of various types have become popular and recent clinical successes throughout the world have given further impetus to the study of problems posed by the artificial heart-lung apparatus. The subject divides itself into three separate parts, the first two being concerned with the maintenance of life in an experimental animal during a total cardiac bypass. One must take all the blood from the animal and return it to the animal by means of a pump. Secondly, one must oxygenate the blood before returning it. The third part of the problem confronting the surgeon is the selection of cases and correction of defects in human subjects. The pumping mechanism must duplicate as nearly as possible the action of the chambers of the heart. Pumping action must be smooth so as to prevent hemolysis and to avoid turbulence with thrombosis. It is not difficult to construct a pump with which hemolysis can be kept to relatively negligible amounts. Most of the pumps in use throughout the world give an hemolysis of less than 50 mg of hemoglobin per 100 ml of blood, which is perfectly safe. Turbulence with thrombosis can be overcome by removing valves inside the stream and placing valves outside of, rather than within the stream of blood. Furthermore, heparinization of the blood lessens the tendency to thrombosis.

scholarly journals A dél-dunántúli gazdasági elit változásai

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kaposi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Planned Economy ◽  
Large State ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

The previous economic and social elite lost its influence after the World War II. They were chased, sentenced to prison and many of them were tortured to death. The Commun-ist Party's local members were appointed to be managers of large estates and factories. They were the so called „worker directors". Their tasks were the dismissal of the previous managers and the launch of the planned-economy. Large estates were parceled in 1945. In the ages 1950 the owners of these parceled lands established farmers' co-operative. Some well-functioning manors were transformed to large state farms. The selection of executives was based on how loyal to the Communist Part they were. Because of these, the produc-tivity of the agriculture and the industry declined.

scholarly journals Can Outstanding Research Be Done Under Less Than Ideal Conditions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajko Igic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
World War ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

Great scientific discoveries rarely originate from small and poor countries. However, the lives and achievements of three Yugoslav scientists who were active in the biomedical sciences, Laza K. Lazarevic ́ (1851-1891), Ivan Djaja (1884-1957), and Pavao Stern (1913-1976), serve as an example of success in this environment. These scientists, as well as the majority of other successful investigators in small and poor countries, weretrained in foreign and developed countries and, upon return, were given the freedom to start a self-dependent research program. They overcame many obstacles, including wars and civil unrests, to contribute significantly to certain medical fields. It is interesting that although a Jew, Stern was allowed to work during the World War II in Zagreb, which became capital of the so-called Independent State of Croatia, a puppet state under German control. Perhaps his good name among pharmacologists helped him to keep position during this tough period. Nowadays, new technologies needed for biomedical research are rather expensive, and poor countries cannot afford to finance many scientists. Thus, selection of the most productive researchers is the challenge for those who finance scientific work.

Conducting achievements of Witold Rowicki in Poland and abroad

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Krystyna Juszyńska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
Symphony Orchestra ◽  
Music Teaching ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
Organizational Achievement ◽  
Selection Of

Witold Rowicki (1914–1989) was one of the most renowned Polish conductors of the 2nd half of the 20th century who gave unique renditions of symphonic music, based on a careful selection of dynamics, tempo and sound proportions between particular groups of instruments. The range of his artistic achievements as a conductor is impressive and comprises over 600 concerts in Poland (most of them with the Warsaw Philharmonic and the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra in Katowice), more than 500 concerts abroad, huge concert repertoire ranging from classicism to contemporary music, performances given alongside a number of outstanding soloists, more than 100 records, compositional output, numerous arrangements and instrumentations, popularization of music, teaching activity. His biggest organizational achievement was the revival of the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra in Katowice (1945) and the Warsaw Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra (1951) after the World War II. Witold Rowicki was a conductor of a particular merit for Polish culture.

scholarly journals Can outstanding research be done under less than ideal conditions?

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 360-363
Author(s):  
Rajko Igic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
World War ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

Great scientific discoveries rarely originate from small and poor countries. However, the lives and achievements of three Yugoslav scientists who were active in the biomedical sciences, Laza K. Lazarevic (1851-1891), Ivan Djaja (1884-1957), and Pavao Stern (1913-1976), serve as an example of success in this environment. These scientists, as well as the majority of other successful investigators in small and poor countries, were trained in foreign and developed countries and, upon return, were given the freedom to start a self dependent research program. They overcame many obstacles, including wars and civil unrests, to contribute significantly to certain medical fields. It is interesting that although a Jew, Stern was allowed to work during the World War II in Zagreb, which became capital of the so-called Independent State of Croatia, a puppet state under German control. Perhaps his good name among pharmacologists helped him to keep position during this tough period. Nowadays, new technologies requiring for biomedical research are rather expensive, and poor countries cannot afford to finance many scientists. Thus, selection of the most productive researchers is the challenge for those who finance scientific work.

THE ROLE AND ROLE OF OIL POLICY IN SAUDI ARABIA IN POST WORLD WAR II ECONOMIC LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Maftuna Sanoqulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil Policy

This article consists of the politics which connected with oil in Saudi Arabia after the World war II , the relations of economical cooperations on this matter and the place of oil in the history of world economics

A war hero or a Hitler soldier?

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Pavel Gotovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
National Committee ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third Reich

The article is devoted to the biography of General Pavlo Shandruk, an Ukrainian officer who served as a Polish contract officer in the interwar period and at the beginning of the World War II, and in 1945 became the organizer and commander of the Ukrainian National Army fighting alongside the Third Reich in the last months of the war. The author focuses on the symbolic event of 1961, which was the decoration of General Shandruk with the highest Polish (émigré) military decoration – the Virtuti Militari order, for his heroic military service in 1939. By describing the controversy and emotions among Poles and Ukrainians, which accompanied the award of the former Hitler's soldier, the author tries to answer the question of how the General Shandruk’s activities should be assessed in the perspective of the uneasy Twentieth-Century Polish-Ukrainian relations. Keywords: Pavlo Shandruk, Władysław Anders, Virtuti Militari, Ukrainian National Army, Ukrainian National Committee, contract officer.

Dynamics of Immigration: From Humanitarianism to Securitization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reumah Suhail
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
World War ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Immigration Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

The paper addresses the different aspects of the politics of immigration, the underlying factors that motivate, force or pressurize people to move from their country of origin to new abodes in foreign nations. In the introduction the paper discusses different theories playing their due role in the immigration process, namely Realism and Constructivism. The paper examines the history of immigration and post-World War II resettlement followed by an analysis of how immigration policies are now centered towards securitization as opposed to humanitarianism after 9/11, within the scenario of globalization. Muslim migrant issues and more stringent immigration policies are also weighed in on, followed by a look at immigration in regions which are not hotspot settlement destinations. Lastly an analysis is presented about the selection of a host country a person opts for when contemplating relocation; a new concept is also discussed and determined whereby an individual can opt for “citizenship by investment” and if such a plan is an accepted means of taking on a new nationality.

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