The Immune Response of Children with Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis to a Viral Challenge

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1011
Author(s):  
Allen W. Root ◽  
Alfred M. Bongiovanni ◽  
Wanlter R. Eberlein
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Viral Challenge ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adenovirus Vaccine

Twenty-eight children with CLT and 22 control subjects were immunized with an adenovirus vaccine. The mean anti-Adenovirus Type 7 titer after vaccination in the group with CLT was significantly less than that in the control group. No significant changes occurred in anti-thyrold antibody titers consequent to the immunization. Patients with CLT had higher mean anti-A and anti-B titers than did control subjects. It is concluded that patients with CLT do not hyperrespond to a viral challenge.

Thyroid Nodules in Patients with Acromegaly: Frequency According to the ACR TI-RADS Classification and its Relationship with Disease Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Can ◽  
Muhammet Kocabaş ◽  
Melia Karakose ◽  
Hatice Caliskan Burgucu ◽  
Zeliha Yarar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Purpose: In our study, we aimed to determine the frequency of thyroid nodules in patients with acromegaly according to the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) classification and its relationship with acromegaly disease activity. Methods: A total of 56 patients with acromegaly and age, sex, and body mass index matched with 56 healthy control subjects were included in our study. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, and anti-thyroperoxidase antibody levels of patients and control subjects were measured. In addition, patients and healthy controls were evaluated by ultrasonography to determine thyroid structure, thyroid volume, and thyroid nodules and to make ACR TI-RADS classification. Results: Thyroid nodules were present in 31 (55.4%) of 56 patients in the acromegaly group and 20 (35.7%) of 56 subjects in the control group, and the frequency of thyroid nodules was significantly higher in the acromegaly group (p=0.038). The mean number of nodules in the acromegaly group and control group was 1.27±1.43 and 0.48±0.73, respectively, and the mean number of nodules was significantly higher in the acromegaly group (p=0.003). The number of patients with TI-RADS 1, TI-RADS 2, and TI-RADS 4 nodules in the acromegaly group was higher than the control group (p=0.026, p=0.049, p=0.007, respectively). No difference was found in terms of cytological findings between those who have undergone FNAB in the acromegaly group and control group. Conclusion: In our study, we found that the frequency of thyroid nodules, the number of thyroid nodules, and the number of TI-RADS 1, TI-RADS 2, and TI-RADS 4 nodules increased in patients with acromegaly. There was no significant difference between acromegaly disease activity and thyroid nodule frequency, number of thyroid nodules, and TI-RADS classifications.

Caffeine clearance and biotransformation in patients with chronic liver disease

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel R. Scott ◽  
Drago Stambuk ◽  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
Vincent Marks ◽  
Marsha Y. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Compensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Caffeine Metabolism ◽  
Caffeine Clearance

1. The clearance and biotransformation of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) were investigated in eight healthy control subjects and 16 patients with cirrhosis, by measuring serial serum caffeine concentrations and recoveries of methylxanthine metabolites in urine for 48 h after a 400 mg oral caffeine load. 2. In the control group, the mean (± sd) serum caffeine clearance was 1.3 ± 0.4 ml min−1 kg−1 and a mean of 56.4 ± 16.5% of the administered caffeine was recovered from the urine over 48 h as methyluric acids and methylxanthines. The majority of the metabolites were excreted in the first 24 h period and only 2.0 ± 1.4% of the administered caffeine was excreted unchanged. 3. Patients with compensated cirrhosis (n = 10) metabolized caffeine similarly to the control subjects. Thus the mean serum caffeine clearance was 1.4 ± 1.2 ml min−1 kg−1 and a mean of 57.2 ± 11.7% of the administered caffeine was recovered from the urine over 48 h. The majority of the metabolites were excreted in the first 24 h; the pattern of metabolic excretion was unaltered and only 2.2 ± 0.9% of the administered caffeine was excreted unchanged. 4. In the patients with decompensated cirrhosis (n = 6), significant changes were observed in caffeine metabolism. The mean serum caffeine clearance (0.4 ± 0.2 ml min−1 kg−1) was significantly impaired compared with controls (P < 0.01) and a significant delay was observed in metabolite excretion in the urine. Thus the mean recovery of metabolites in the urine during the first 24 h (25.0 ± 11.2%) was significantly reduced compared with controls (44.1 ± 12.4%, P = 0.03), whereas the mean urinary metabolite recovery in the second 24 h (20.9 ± 10.5%) was insignificantly increased compared with controls (12.3 ± 7.8%). Overall, the mean recovery of metabolites in the urine in 48 h (45.9 ± 15.4%) was similar to that in the control group. The overall recovery of unchanged caffeine was significantly greater than in controls (5.0 ± 2.8% vs 2.0 ± 1.4%, P = 0.04), but the pattern of metabolite excretion was otherwise unchanged. 5. In the patients with liver disease there were significant linear correlations between the degree of hepatocellular dysfunction and the serum caffeine elimination half-life (r = 0.774; P < 0.01) and the total recovery of methylxanthine metabolites in the urine, in the 0–24 h (r = 0.702; P = 0.002) and 0–48 h (r = 0.581; P = 0.018) periods. 6. Caffeine clearance is impaired in patients with decompensated cirrhosis either because of a reduction in hepatic caffeine uptake or else because of a reduction in ‘functioning hepatocyte mass’. However, the biotransformation of caffeine is unaltered in the presence of hepatic dysfunction.

Abnormalities in the Sodium Pump of Erythrocytes from Patients with Hyperthyroidism

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. M. Smith ◽  
Pamela D. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Sodium ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Sodium ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Intracellular Sodium Concentration ◽  
The Mean

1. Intracellular cation composition has been measured in the red cells from twenty patients with hyperthyroidism. The mean concentration of sodium was 11·18 m-mole/l red cells; in sixty normal control subjects the mean red cell sodium level was 7·04 m-mole/l. The difference between these two groups was highly significant. There was no measurable difference between the potassium concentration and water content of red cells from thyrotoxic and control groups. 2. Measurements of active sodium efflux were carried out in red cells from ten hyperthyroid subjects and their matched controls. The rate constant for active sodium efflux was significantly lower in the patients than the control group. 3. The total amount of sodium actively pumped from red cells in 1 hr was significantly higher in the patients than the controls. 4. The total amount of sodium moving out of the red cells, both actively and by exchange diffusion, matched the total influx of sodium. This was true for control subjects and those with hyperthyroidism and this would support the view that the intracellular sodium concentration is constant and represents the result of a balance between influx and efflux. In hyperthyroidism this balance persists, but with an abnormally high intracellular sodium concentration. 5. There was a linear relationship between the cell sodium content and the active transport of sodium from the cell in control and hyperthyroid subjects. 6. Triiodothyronine did not produce any change in sodium transport by normal red cells in vitro. 7. It is concluded that there is a depression of the activity of the sodium pump in the red cells of hyperthyroid subjects. This allows the resting intracellular sodium concentration to rise until a new steady state is reached. Evidence is given that these changes are reversed when hyperthyroidism is corrected.

Low vitamin B12 level in relation to trace element, total sialic acid and antioxidant enzymes in children with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Isa Kiran ◽  
Suat Ekin ◽  
Özge Vural
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Total Sialic Acid ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. In this study, children with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (V-B12DA) and control subjects were evaluated for erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities, glutathione, malondialdehyde, serum total sialic acid, total antioxidant status, cobalt, chromium, copper, selenium, vanadium, zinc, iron, lead, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus levels, and the associations of these variables were assessed. The study included 50 children with V-B12DA and 50 control subjects. It was found that the V-B12DA group was significantly lower than the control group, with regard to the mean±the standard error of the mean levels of cobalt (0.089±0.009; 0.058±0.0063 μmol/L, p<0.01), selenium (2.19±0.087; 1.88±0.057 μmol/L, p<0.01), vanadium (1.31±0.053; 1.18±0.035 μmol/L, p<0.05), magnesium (3.02±0.15; 2.73±0.068 μmol/L, p<0.05), zinc (50.76±1.96; 42.23± 1.53 μmol/L, p<0.001), and vitamin B12 (427.20±21.45; 157.08±3.96 pg/mL, p<0.001). Moreover, a significant elevation in total sialic acid (1.44±0.050; 1.61±0.043 mmol/L, p<0.01), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (75.37±0.95; 79.91±1.14 fL, p<0.01). It was observed that in the V-B12DA, significantly linear correlations were observed between cobalt – vitamin B12 (r=0.334; p=0.025), vanadium – MCV (r=0.315; p=0.017), vitamin B12 – MCV (r=−0.297; p=0.026). The findings of the study indicated that the levels of cobalt, vanadium significantly associated with traditional vitamin B12-deficiency parameters. Vitamin B12 and MCV should be measured together with cobalt, vanadium for monitoring the vitamin B12 deficiency anemia.

scholarly journals Anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels in children with and without typhoid vaccinations

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Sriandayani Sriandayani ◽  
Tonny H. Rampengan ◽  
Hesti Lestari ◽  
Novie Rampengan
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Protective Antibody ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background Typhoid fever is endemic to Indonesia, with an annual incidence of 13/10,000 people. Vaccination has been shown to be an effective method to prevent typhoid fever. Of several vaccine types, the polysaccharide Vi vaccine is the most commonly used typhoid vaccine in developing countries. Results of previous studies remain inconclusive on the necessity of revaccination every 3 years.Objective To compare the mean serum anrioody titers of anti-S. typhi Vi IgG and the proportion of children with protective antibody levels between children with and without typhoid Vi vaccination.Methods We conducted a cross-secrional study at Tuminring District, 11anado from June to September 2012. Data was analyzed using independent T-test and Fisher's test. Serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results Seventy-six subjects were divided into two groups: 38 children who had received the typhoid Vi vaccination more than 3 years prior to this study and 38 children who never had typhoid vaccinations as a control group. No statistically significant difference in age and gender was found between the two groups. The mean serum anti-Vi IgG level was 0.55 ug/mL (SD 0.58; 95%CI 0.36 to 0.74) in the vaccinated group, significantly higher than that of the control group [0.31 ug/mL (SD 0.12); 950/£1 0.17 to 0.44; P􀂥0.0381. The proportion of children with protective antiNi antioody level was higher in the vaccinated group (23.7%) than in the control group  (10.5%), howevet; this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.128).Conclusion The mean serum anti-S. typhi Vi IgG antibody level in children who had been vaccinated more than 3 years prior to the study is higher than in children who had never received typhoid vaccinations. Nevertheless, the mean antibody titers are generally non-protective in ooth groups. Also, the proportion of children with protective antibody levels is not significantly different between the two groups.

Sex Differences in the Limb Tremor of Morbidly Anxious Patients

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (504) ◽  
pp. 1265-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. G. Carrie
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Subjects

In several previous studies it has been shown that the mean tremor amplitude displayed by morbidly anxious patients is greater than that of normal control subjects. The most detailed experiments were those carried out by Redfearn (1957). He compared the findings obtained in groups of male morbidly anxious patients and controls, and in addition to confirming the existence of a difference in tremor amplitude, he reported that the tremor of male anxious patients showed a greater degree of accentuation of the 8–10 c/sec. components than the tremor of a matched control group. Halliday and Redfearn (1956) compared the tremor spectra obtained from normal male and female subjects, and found that the curve for men was similar to that for women.

The comparison of total capacity antioxidant in the serum of people with pterygium and control subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Heydari Behrooz ◽  
◽  
Zarban Asghar ◽  
Hosseini Rad Abbas ◽  
Feizmohammadi Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

AIM: To investigate the comparison of total antioxidant capacity in the serum of patients with pterygium and control subjects. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on all persons referred to Ophthalmology Clinic of teaching Hospital of Vali-Asr (peace upon to him) with clinical symptoms of pterygium during the year 2016. The control group was selected among patients referred to the Ophthalmology Clinic of Vali-Asr (peace without pterygium) that the two groups were matched in terms of age, gender and place of residence. Sixty-six persons [31 people (47%) in patient group and 35 people (53%) in the control group] were enrolled by convenience sampling. Venous blood sample was taken from all patients after the sampling using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); FRAP- as a quick 10min measurement, the antioxidant power measurement of samples according to the conversion of ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+) was checked. The collected data ware entered to software SPSS 21 and were analyzed by chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests at the level of α =0.05. RESULTS: The mean of antioxidant capacity in patients was 842/55±161/46 μmol/L and antioxidant capacity in healthy controls was 856/77±209/41 μmol/L (P=0.8). In the comparison of mean serum antioxidant capacity in healthy individuals and in the serum of people with pterygium based on gender the results showed that the antioxidant capacity mean in male control subjects has been 894/05± 176/82 μmol/L and in females control 780/01±118/33 μmol/L that the observed difference have been reported statistically significant (P=0.008) but the other comparison according the gender between cases and control does not show any significant difference. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the full level of serum antioxidant capacity in patients has been less than the mean of antioxidant capacity in control subjects; however, the observed difference has not been significant. The results of this study were consistent with basic results carried out on the damaging effects of oxidative stress in the pterygium pathogenesis. Recommending diet with minerals and vitamins containing antioxidants may be preventing the onset and progression of pterygium.

scholarly journals Determination of immune response of Newcastle disease virus vaccines in layer chickens

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Banu ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MMH Chowdhury ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Unvaccinated Control ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Layer Chickens ◽  
Group 10

The study was conducted for the detection of persistence of Maternally derived antibody (MDA) as well as the comparative evaluation of antibody production of nine different NDV vaccines in layer chickens in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July to December 2008. A total of 55 layer chicks (ISA Brown breed) were divided into eleven groups each consisting of five birds of which odd number groups were vaccinated primarily with Nobilis® MA5+Clone 30, Avipro® ND-IB HB1, Cevac® BIL, Newcastle-Bronchitis Vaccine Fortdoge® and Avipro® ND LaSota vaccine respectively at day 5 of age and secondarily with Nobilis® ND Clone30, Avipro® ND LaSota, Cevac® New L, Newcastle Disease Vaccine Fortdoge® and Avipro® ND LaSota vaccine respectively at day 21 of age by single eye instillation and even number groups were vaccinated with the same vaccines respectively by double eye instillation following the same schedule. Again group 9 and group 10 were also vaccinated with RDV at 60 days of age through intramuscular route. Group 11 was kept as unvaccinated control. Sera samples were collected after 10 days of each vaccination and at day 5, 15, 20, 31 of age from unvaccinated control and subjected to HI test for the determination of antibody titres. It was observed that after primary vaccination the mean of HI titres of double eye vaccinated groups differed significantly (P<0.01). Overall analysis of mean of HI titres of double eye vaccinated groups revealed that there were significant increases (P<0.01) in HI titres in groups 8 (891.44±228.97) and 10 (861.66±140.21) compared to other groups. It was observed that secondary vaccination produced higher immune response compared to primary vaccination in case of all the vaccinated groups and double eye vaccination produced higher immune response compared to single eye vaccination in case of all the vaccinated groups. It was also observed that following vaccination with RDV in groups 9 and 10, HI titres increased significantly (P<0.01) which indicated that group 10 (1204.30±280.43 ) produced significantly higher antibody titres than group 9 (966.74±144). Maternal antibody was high (483.37±181.01) at day 5 of age and persisted to a minimal level (8.00±0.00) until the age of day 20 and almost disappears (≤4±0) at day 31 of age. From the present research it may be concluded that LaSota strain produced higher immune response than Clone 30 and B1 strain, Fortdose® and Avipro® vaccine produced higher immune response than all other vaccines and vaccination with lentogenic strains followed by mesogenic strain produced higher antibody titers used in this study. Keywords: Immune response; Newcastle disease; Vaccines; Layer chickens DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i2.4743 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(2): 329-334, 2009

Pharmacokinetic Origin of Carbamazepine-induced Resistance to Vecuronium Meeting Abstracts in Anesthetized Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-339. ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Alloul ◽  
David G. Whalley ◽  
Fanny Shutway ◽  
Zeyd Ebrahim ◽  
France Varin
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Drug Binding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Effect Compartment ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Carbamazepine Therapy ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Equilibration Rate

Background Patients receiving chronic carbamazepine therapy have shortened recovery times from a neuromuscular block induced by vecuronium. The current study investigates the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic mechanisms responsible for this observation. Methods Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 0.1 mg/kg intravenous bolus vecuronium in ten epileptic patients receiving chronic carbamazepine therapy were compared to that of ten control subjects. All patients were scheduled for neurosurgery while anesthetized with isoflurane and sufentanil. Arterial blood samples were collected for 6 h. Plasma vecuronium concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection. The adductor pollicis force of contraction was recorded after supramaximal ulnar nerve stimulation. Plasma vecuronium concentrations were fitted to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model, and the effect compartment equilibration rate constant was derived with a nonparametric link model. The effect compartment concentrations were fitted to a sigmoid Emax model. Results were compared using Student's t-test for independent samples. Results In the carbamazepine group, the mean recovery times to T(1) 25% were shorter (28.1 +/- 3.4 vs. 47.3 +/- 5.1 min in control subjects; P=0.007), and the T(1) 25% to T(1) 75% recovery index was decreased (7.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 21.9 +/- 6.8 min in control subjects; P=0.025). No changes in onset times were observed. Clearance was 9.0 +/- 1.2 ml x kg-1 x min-1 versus 3.8 +/- 0.3 in the control group (P=0.003), whereas no changes in volumes of distribution at steady-state were observed. Therefore, the mean residence time was halved (17.8 +/- 2.5 vs. 31.9 +/- 2.5 min in control subjects; P=0.001). No differences in the effect compartment equilibration rate constant, vecuronium effect compartment concentration present at a 50% block (EC50), or slope of the sigmoid between the two groups were found. Conclusions The twofold increase in clearance provides evidence of a pharmacokinetic origin to the carbamazepine-vecuronium interaction; however, the possibility of a concurrent pharmacodynamic alteration cannot be assessed. Greater knowledge of protein drug binding needs to be acquired to give a meaningful interpretation to the similar EC50 values observed in the two groups.

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