Platelet Counts in Thriving Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-689
Author(s):  
Arturo J. Aballi ◽  
Yupha Puapondh ◽  
Franklin Desposito
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Large Series ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Phase Platelet

Phase platelet counts in a large series of premature infants showed mean levels of 220,000/mm3, 260,000/mm3 and 309,000/mm3 during the first 2 days and in the second and in the fourth week respectively. An additional confirmatory series of infants with weights of 1,500 gm or less showed comparable values. These were followed during the first 2 days, the sixth or seventh day, the tenth or eleventh day, the fourteenth or fifteenth day, and the twenty-eighth to thirtieth day. Mean values were 203,000/mm3, 255,000/mm3, 272,000/mm3, 309,000/mm3, and 354,000/mm3, respectively. A steady rise was generally observed during the first month of life irrespective of birth weight. In the first 2 days of life, platelet values under 150,000/mm3 are more common in premature infants than in full-term babies. However, counts under 100,000/mm3 at any time are unusual and suggest a search for pathological factors. Figures under 50,000/mm3 should be considered frankly abnormal under any circumstances.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Response of Premature Infants after Primary and Booster Immunisation with a Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis-Hepatitis B-Inactivated Poliovirus/Haemophilus InfluenzaeType B Vaccine

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Omeñaca ◽  
Jose Garcia-Sicilia ◽  
Reyes Boceta ◽  
Pilar García-Corbeira
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Hepatitis B Antigen

A range of schedules are recommended for hepatitis B vaccination of premature infants. This open-label study (217744/083) compared the immune response of premature (N=94) and full-term infants (N=92) to hepatitis B antigen following primary administration of hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine at 2–4–6 months and a booster dose at 18 months. Anti-HBsAg antibodies were determined before and one month after primary and booster doses. There were no significant differences in postprimary seroprotection rates (anti-HBsAg >10 mIU/mL; preterm 93.4%; full-term 95.2%) or geometric mean concentrations (634 versus 867 mIU/ml), and neither appeared to be related to gestational length or birth weight. Prebooster seroprotection rates were 75 and 80.6%, respectively. Six premature infants did not respond to primary and booster doses. Primary and booster vaccinations with DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib elicit satisfactory anti-HBsAg responses in preterm infants, which are not influenced by gestational age or birth weight. This schedule and vaccine will greatly facilitate the immunisation of premature infants.

IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSES OF PREMATURE AND FULL-TERM INFANTS TO INFECTION WITH CERTAIN VIRUSES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-839
Author(s):  
Heinz F. Eichenwald ◽  
Olga Kotsevalov
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Echo Virus

Observations are reported on a number of newborn and premature infants naturally infected with adenovirus types 1, 2, and 3, and ECHO virus types 9, 18, and 20 during their first few weeks of life. Serial serologic studies revealed that these babies generally responded promptly with antibody formation and that this was independent of age and birth weight, but did vary with the particular type of virus involved. The presence of homologous passively acquired antibody did not appear to interfere with the formation of active immune bodies. However, the response to the various viruses differed sufficiently that it was not possible to arrive at general conclusions on the basis of information derived from any single agent.

Birth weight related blood concentrations of the neurotransmission amino acids glutamine plus glutamate, phenylalanine and tyrosine in full-term breastfed infants perinatally

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-373
Author(s):  
Penelope D. Manta-Vogli ◽  
Kleopatra H. Schulpis ◽  
Yannis L. Loukas ◽  
Yannis Dotsikas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Group D

AbstractBackgroundThe amino acids glutamine plus glutamate, phenylalanine and tyrosine are implicated in neurotransmission. We aimed to evaluate these amino acid blood concentrations in full-term breastfed infants with different birth weight (BW) perinatally.MethodsBreastfed full-term infants (n = 6000, males 3000, females 3000) BW 2000–4000 g were divided into four equal groups. Both males and females Groups A, 2000–2500 g, B 2500–3000 g, C 3000–3500 g, D 3500–4000 g. Blood samples on Guthrie cards, were taken on the 3rd day of life and quantified via a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method.ResultsGlutamine plus glutamate mean values were found to be statistically significantly different between males vs. females in all the studied groups. The highest values were determined in both males and females in group D. Statistically significantly higher values of phenylalanine appeared in group D vs. other groups. Tyrosine mean values were calculated to be statistically significantly different in both sexes in group A compared to other groups.ConclusionsDifferences of glutamine plus glutamate, phenylalanine and tyrosine levels among full-term newborns with different BW are presented for the first time in the literature. Newborns with BW 3000–4000 g are benefited by having higher concentrations of the mentioned neurotransmission related amino acids. Neonatal screening reference values for these amino acids in relation to BW could be established, not only for preterm and low BW infants but also for full-term newborns with BW >3000 g.

scholarly journals The influence of birth weight and gestational age on kidney function in premature infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-230
Author(s):  
Bella D. Tsintsadze ◽  
Klavdiya A. Kazakova ◽  
Vladislav V. Chernikov ◽  
Andrey P. Fisenko ◽  
Aleksey N. Tsygin
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Blood Creatinine

Introduction. The impact of prematurity on the functional state of the kidneys in infants has not yet been sufficiently studied. Aim. To determine the influence of birth weight and gestational age on the creatinine level in the blood and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in early childhood. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records of 316 children aged from 1 month to 1.5 years, hospitalized at the Department of Early Childhood Pathology (National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow) from 2012 to 2020 due to consequences of perinatal CNS damage. Children without congenital kidney diseases, with normal urine values in medical history, without structural abnormalities on ultrasound were included in this study. Serum creatinine was determined by the enzymatic method, GFR - by the Schwartz’s formula using a coefficient of 0.413, as well as, previously proposed coefficients of 0.33 for premature and 0.44 for full-term infants. Results. In premature infants, notably born with extremely low birth weight and very low birth weight, at the age of 1 year, serum creatinine is reduced compared to full-term infants, GFR in deep-premature infants exceeds the level of GFR in full-term infants by the year. The results allow concluding the method of calculating GFR by formulas based on serum creatinine to be invalid. Due to possible hyperfiltration in preterm infants, they need regular monitoring urine tests, blood pressure, due to the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Conclusions. It is necessary to search for other methods for determining GFR in extremely premature infants. The established indices of the blood creatinine content can be used as reference values for different periods of gestation and body weight at birth in institutions using the enzymatic method for determining blood creatinine. The obtained GFR indices as a reference can be recommended for full-term and premature babies born after 32 weeks of gestation and with a birth weight of more than 1500 g.

scholarly journals Fundus Examination of 23,861 Newborns by Digital Imaging in Ningbo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Delin Liu ◽  
Jiao Zheng ◽  
Yi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Ocular Abnormalities ◽  
Term Newborns

Purpose. To perform fundus examinations of full-term and premature infants to identify common congenital ocular diseases and determine the incidence and additional risk factors in Ningbo, China. Methods. Fundus examinations were performed on newborns between January 2017 and July 2020 in Ningbo using a RetCam3 or PanoCam LT wide-field digital imaging system. The neonates’ birth weight, gestational age, gender, delivery mode, oxygen intake, and other conditions were recorded. We compared the incidence of ocular abnormalities in both full-term newborns and premature infants. Results. There were 23,861 newborns in this study comprising 12,605 (52.8%) male and 11,256 (47.2%) female infants, 20,938 full-term babies, and 2,923 premature babies. The average gestational age was 37.9 ± 5.6 weeks, and the average birth weight was 3,189 ± 417 g. Overall, we found ocular abnormalities in 6,645 (27.8%). The most common abnormality in full-term newborns was retinal hemorrhage (RH), which we found in 3,827 (18.3%) cases. Other diseases identified included familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), retinoblastoma (RB), and congenital cataracts. The delivery method had a significant impact on the incidence of neonatal RH ( P < 0.001 ). Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was observed in 617 newborns accounting for 21.1% of all screened premature infants. Logistic analysis showed that gestational age and birth weight were important risk factors for ROP ( P < 0.001 ). For treatable diseases, such as ROP, FEVR, congenital cataract, glaucoma, and RB, early identification allows for active treatment or referral to a specialized hospital for further treatment. Conclusion. Early examination and prompt treatment of ocular disorders in newborns are important to avoid lifelong visual impairment. Eye examinations should be performed during the neonatal period and at regular follow-up visits.

Quantitation of the arginine family amino acids in the blood of full-term infants perinatally in relation to their birth weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope D. Manta-Vogli ◽  
Kleopatra H. Schulpis ◽  
Yannis L. Loukas ◽  
Yannis Dotsikas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group A ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Group D

Abstract Background Arginine family amino acids (AFAAs) include glutamine (Gln) plus glutamate (Glu), ornithine (Orn), proline (Pro), citrulline (Cit) and arginine (Arg). We aimed to quantitate these amino acids in the blood of full-term infants in relation to their birth weight (BW) perinatally. Methods Breastfeeding full-term infants (n = 2000, 1000 males, 1000 females) with a BW of 2000–4000 g were divided into four equal groups: group A, 2000–2500 g; B, 2500–3000 g; C, 3000–3500 g and D, 3500–4000 g. Blood samples as dried blood spots (DBS) were collected on the third day of life and analyzed via a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) protocol. Results Gln plus Glu mean values were found to be statistically significantly different between males and females in all studied groups. The highest values of these amino acids were detected in both males and females in group D. Orn mean values were found to be statistically significantly different between males and females of the same BW in all groups except the last one. The lower mean value was determined in group A, whereas the highest was determined in group D. Cit and Arg mean values were determined to be almost similar in all studied groups. Conclusions Gln plus Glu and Orn blood concentrations were directly related to infants’ BW. Conversely, Cit and Arg did not vary significantly in all groups.

PHAGOCYTOSIS IN PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-957
Author(s):  
Louis Gluck ◽  
William A. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Phagocytic Ability ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Number Of Cells

The paucity of data regarding phagocytosis in the newborn is reviewed. A method of evaluating phagocytosis in the human is presented, in which the proportion of "effective phagocytes" (cells containing 10 or more carbon particles) is scored, rather than the total number of cells engulfing particles. Employing the criteria described, we have found significant differences in phagocytic ability between the blood of premature infants and that of adults or full-term infants. Differences observed between full-term infants and adults in respect to phagocytic capacity of leukocytes were not clearly significant. In general, increasing phagocytosis was observed, approaching adult levels with increase in birth weight. Addition of fresh, normal adult serum to invitro preparations of premature infants' blood significantly enhanced phagocytosis. The substances in serum which stimulated phagocytosis were identified by electrophoresis to be in the fractions generally known as α1-, α2-, and β-globulin. A possible therapeutic use for adult serum in the premature is postulated and is being studied.

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