COOLING IN THE EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF BURNS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-432
Author(s):  
Michael F. Epstein ◽  
John D. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Health Professional ◽  
Simple Form ◽  
Emergency Treatment ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coagulation Necrosis ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Thermal Injuries ◽  
The Difference

Recent correspondence in the Lancet1-3 has called attention to the benefit of immediate cooling in the treatment of thermal injuries. This simple form of first aid can be provided as well by the layman as by the health professional and, more importantly, sooner. Given the same thermal stimulus, prompt cooling can mean the difference between extensive deep burns and more limited superficial injuries. What is the evidence to back this claim? The studies of Henriques and Moritz4 and Ofeigsson5 indicate that after hot water or flame exposure the temperature of skin and of the deeper tissue layers remains high enough to result in a period of extension of coagulation necrosis.

Perbedaan Metode Three Compartement Sink dengan Air Panas dan Larutan Klorin terhadap Angka Kuman Alat Makan di RSU Queen Latifa

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Rifatun Hasanah ◽  
Setyowati Setyowati ◽  
Noor Tifauzah
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hospital Use

Background:One of the efforts in preventing congenital food disease is by washing the cutlery perfectly. The cutlery used by patients with infectious diseases should be noted more, because it has a risk in disease transmission through cutlery. The process of washing the cutlery for infected patients in Queen Latifa Hospital use three compartement sink method with hot water, while the three compartement sink method with clorine solvent has never been tested. Purpose: Research was to determine the difference in the number of germs in the tool was washed using three compartement sink method with hot water and with clorine solvent. Method:Types of research is experiment with rancangan percobaan acak kelompok (RAK). The object of this research is 4 plates and 4 bowls. The number of experimental units in this research were 2 treatments x 2 cutlery x 2 checks x 2 reapetitions = 16 experimental units. The analysis used independent t-test with 95% confidence level. Result :The average number of germs in the cutlery washed using the three compartment sink method with hot water was 1 x 101 cfu / cm2, whereas with chlorine solvent is 0.2 cfu / cm2. Independent test t-test shows p = 0.049 which means the hypothesis is accepted. onclusion : There are differences in the number of germs in the washing cutlery using the three compartment sink method with hot water and with chlorine solvent.   Keywords: number of germs, cutlery, three compartment sink

Perbedaan Metode Three Compartement Sink dengan Air Panas dan Larutan Klorin terhadap Angka Kuman Alat Makan di RSU Queen Latifa

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Rifatun Hasanah ◽  
Setyowati Setyowati ◽  
Noor Tifauzah
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Independent Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hospital Use

Background:One of the efforts in preventing congenital food disease is by washing the cutlery perfectly. The cutlery used by patients with infectious diseases should be noted more, because it has a risk in disease transmission through cutlery. The process of washing the cutlery for infected patients in Queen Latifa Hospital use three compartement sink method with hot water, while the three compartement sink method with clorine solvent has never been tested. Purpose: Research was to determine the difference in the number of germs in the tool was washed using three compartement sink method with hot water and with clorine solvent. Method:Types of research is experiment with rancangan percobaan acak kelompok (RAK). The object of this research is 4 plates and 4 bowls. The number of experimental units in this research were 2 treatments x 2 cutlery x 2 checks x 2 reapetitions = 16 experimental units. The analysis used independent t-test with 95% confidence level. Result :The average number of germs in the cutlery washed using the three compartment sink method with hot water was 1 x 101 cfu / cm2, whereas with chlorine solvent is 0.2 cfu / cm2. Independent test t-test shows p = 0.049 which means the hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion : There are differences in the number of germs in the washing cutlery using the three compartment sink method with hot water and with chlorine solvent.

scholarly journals Thermal Injuries Caused by Water from Loose Garden Hoses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110312
Author(s):  
Karolína Uhrová ◽  
Pavel Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Thermal Injuries

This is a monitoring research, the purpose of which is to point out the danger of scalding with water from loose garden hoses. All the stated data are the result of this research, which occurred during the month of August. To adequately compare the maximum temperature that the water reaches in garden hoses exposed to sunlight, 2 different surfaces were chosen, namely grass and concrete. It has been found that water in garden hoses, which lie in a place exposed to sunlight, is able to reach temperatures at which, in case of contact with human skin, there is a risk of scalding. The results confirmed the assumption that the temperature in the grass will be lower in the hoses than in the concrete surface. At an air temperature of 35°C, the water in the hoses on the grass reached a temperature of up to 47.3°C. On a concrete surface at an air temperature of 28.5°C, the water in the hoses reached 49.8°C. There is a risk of scalding from such hot water contact with the skin, and especially with sensitive baby skin. The aim of this research is to provide valid data on the risk of spilling hyperthermic water in free-lying garden hoses exposed to sunlight. The threat of scalding can occur unknowingly or through negligence, the risk of scalding with such water increases during tropical days significantly.

scholarly journals Events, Time and the Simple Form

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter H. Hirtle
Keyword(s):  
Simple Form ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Event Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Required ◽  
English Verb

Abstract This is an attempt to discern more clearly the underlying or POTENTIAL meaning of the simple form of the English verb, described in Hirtle 1967 as 'perfective'. Vendler's widely accepted classification of events into ACCOMPLISHMENTS, ACHIEVEMENTS, ACTIVITIES, and STATES is examined from the point of view of the time necessarily contained between the beginning and end of any event, i.e. EVENT TIME as represented by the simple form. This examination justifies the well known dynamic/stative dichotomy by showing that event time is evoked in two different ways, that, in fact, the simple form has two ACTUAL significates. Further reflection on the difference between the two types thus expressed—developmental or action-like events and non-developmental or state-like events—leads to the conclusion that the simple form provides a representation of the time required to situate all the impressions involved in the notional or lexical import of the verb.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) Aqueous Extracts in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats)

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
LF Zitte ◽  
RS Konya
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Nociceptive Responses

Antinociceptive is reducing sensitivity to painful stimuli for the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive potentials of graded doses of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) aqueous extract in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats) and its chemical pattern by comparing it with a standard drug and a control using the hot water based flick tail test. Thirty five adult rats of both sexes were used for the experiment which, were divided into five groups of seven rats per group. Group one was used as the control (with 1ml normal saline), while groups two, three and four were treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extracts and group five treated with 15 mg/kg Aspirin (a standard drug) as positive control. Hot water at 550C was used to determine the nociceptive responses of the animals to detect anti-nociceptive effects of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts as compared to the control in hot water inflicted pain. The results suggested that Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extract exhibits antinociceptive properties against thermal stimulus at 550C. The diversity of individual animals’ pain tolerance threshold when immersed in hot water was also observed during the experiment. However, the extract indicated a high degree of anti-nociceptive effect at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post treatment period, with a progressively longer threshold time for pain sensitivity. It was also found that at 90 minute period, the control portrayed a relatively short response time.KEY WORDS: Anti-nociceptive, threshold pain, Pleurotus ostreatus, hot water test flick tail.

Teaching First Aid, CPR, and AED Using Blended Learning in Academic Settings

2018 ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Jerono P. Rotich ◽  
Gloria Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
College Age ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
The Difference

Due to the increase of accidents, incidences, and unexpected emergencies, knowledge of first aid, CPR, and AED skills is critical. It can make the difference between life and death and between complete recovery and permanent disability. Although numerous agencies such as the American Red Cross, American Safety and Health and Institute (ASHI), American Heart Association (AHA), and other organizations have trained millions of individuals in first aid, CPR, and AED, there is still a need to train more people especially the college age population. This chapter examines the need and impact of teaching first aid, CPR, and AED through blended learning in a college or university setting. Benefits of blended and online courses as well as strategies for setting up and teaching a blended learning course are provided.

Seeking More Information

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Compton ◽  
Beth Broussard
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Mental Health Professional ◽  
Family Members ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
The Difference

As we have discussed in previous chapters, it is very important for people with psychosis and their family members to learn about psychosis and effective treatments. This sort of learning is an important step towards recovery and preventing a relapse. However, seeking information to better understand psychosis can be frustrating at times. The amount of information received from mental health professionals and other sources can be overwhelming. However, aside from this book, very few books focus on first-episode psychosis. When searching the Internet, it is difficult at times to tell the difference between Web sites with correct and helpful information from those that contain opinions and confusing information. This chapter describes the benefits of educating yourself about psychosis and then describes different resources that are available. As discussed in Chapter 7 on Psychosocial Treatments for Early Psychosis, psychoeducation is a type of education that focuses on the topic of mental illnesses. The goal of psychoeducation is to help individuals with a mental illness, and their family members, better understand the illness. If a person understands his or her illness, then he or she will be able to deal with it more successfully. Psychoeducation, for both patients and their families, is an effective form of treatment in itself and an important step in preventing relapse and hospitalization. Research has shown that those who receive psychoeducation are less likely to have a relapse and enter the hospital compared to those who do not receive psychoeducation. The patient’s mental health professional is one of the best sources of information. Do not be afraid to ask him or her to explain more if some piece of information is unclear. Another good idea is to bring a list of questions with you when you meet with the mental health professional to make sure that you leave the appointment with all of your questions answered. Asking questions and getting answers helps you become confident that you understand the next steps. Worksheets provided in Chapters 2 and 9 will help you keep track of information that may be important to share with the mental health professional.

Effects of Curing Systems on the Strength and Microstructure of Reactive Powder Concrete with Iron Tailing Sands

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Zhu ◽  
Bei Xing Li ◽  
Jin Cheng Liu ◽  
Xing Dong Lv
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Reactive Powder Concrete ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Submicroscopic Structure ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reactive Powder ◽  
Curing Systems

To produce 130MPa reactive powder concrete with iron tailing sands as aggregation in an economic hot curing system, the effects of curing temperature, curing time and curing conditions on the reactive powder concrete was studied, the reasons of the strength of reactive powder concrete in different curing systems has the difference from the submicroscopic structure point of view was analyzed. The results show that use 90°C hot water to cure reactive powder concrete for 48h can lead it’s 28 day compressive strength reaches 140MPa, the flexural strength reaches 28MPa.

New Technique for Ohmic Formation

1996 ◽  
Vol 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hara ◽  
T. Teraji ◽  
H. Okushi ◽  
K. Kajimura
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Barrier Height ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Surface States ◽  
Interface States ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Flat Band ◽  
Interface Charges ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Density Of Interface States

AbstractWe propose a new systematical method to control Schottky barrier heights of metal/semiconductor interfaces by controlling the density of interface electronic states and the number of charges in the states. The density of interface states is controlled by changing the density of surface electronic states, which is controlled by surface hydrogenation and flattening the surface atomically. We apply establishing hydrogen termination techniques using a chemical solution, pH controlled buffered HF or hot water. Also, slow oxidation by oxygen gas was used to flatten resultant semiconductor surfaces. The density of interface charges is changeable by controlling a metal work function. When the density of surface states is reduced enough to unpin the Fermi level, the barrier height is determined simply by the difference between the work function of a metal φm and the flat-band semiconductor ØsFB. In such an interface with the low density of interface states, an Ohmic contact with a zero barrier height is formed when we select a metal with φm < φsFB. We have already demonstrated controlling Schottky and Ohmic properties by changing the pinning degree on silicon carbide (0001) surfaces. Further, on an atomically-flat Si(111) surface with monohydride termination, we have observed the lowering of an Al barrier height.

scholarly journals The emission of corrosive vapours by wood. Hot - water - extracted O - acetylated hemicelluloses from sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and wych elm (Ulmus glabrau) and a discussion of O-acetyl-group changes occurring in these woods during incubation at 48° and 100% relative humidity

1969 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
G. C. Cochrane ◽  
J. D. Gray ◽  
P. C. Arni
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Green Wood ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Steric Factors ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Wych Elm

1. O-Acetylated polysaccharides were obtained from green wood of both sweet chestnut and wych elm by treatment of the residue remaining after dimethyl sulphoxide extraction with water at 98°. This gives a mixture of polysaccharides containing xylose, galactose, glucose and uronic acids. Analysis of these and their fractionated products suggest that only xylans in green sweet chestnut and green wych elm are O-acetylated. 2. The isolated O-acetylated xylans are not representative of the total O-acetylated xylans occurring in sweet chestnut and wych elm. 3. Application of the method developed by Bouveng for the location of O-acetyl groups to all four O-acetylated xylans obtained in this series of investigations by dimethyl sulphoxide extraction showed that those from sweet chestnut and wych elm, under the same conditions of incubation, lost: 74·2 and 43·4% of acetyl groups respectively, at C-2; 58·0 and 28·5% of acetyl groups respectively at C-3; 41·8 and 82·2% of acetyl groups respectively at C-2 and C-3. 4. A consideration of electronic and steric factors indicates that there does not appear to be a purely chemical reason for the difference in loss of O-acetyl groups between sweet chestnut and wych elm. It is suggested that the location of O-acetylated xylans in the wood cell walls and the presence of extractive may play some part in this difference.

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