Breast milk leukocytes

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-770
Author(s):  
Jane Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Human Colostrum ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Portal Of Entry ◽  
Milk Feeding

The apparent increase in frequency of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis1 and the recognition that the gastrointestinal tract is often the portal of entry in neonatal sepsis2 has renewed interest in breast milk as a source of newborn immunity. Attention has recently focussed on milk leukocytes. The purpose of this commentary is to summarize the available information on this subject and to examine the implications that this knowledge may have on the possible use of human milk-feeding to protect the newborn from infection. Human colostrum and early milk contain 1 to 2 x 106 leukocytes; 80% to 90% of these are monocytic phagocytes and the remainder are lymphocytes.3,4

Donor Human Milk Availability Promotes Breast Milk Feeding Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants in California, Lowers Hospital Rates of NEC

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 233A-233A
Author(s):  
Agata Kantorowska ◽  
Julia C. Wei ◽  
Ronald S. Cohen ◽  
Ruth A. Lawrence ◽  
Jeffrey B. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Milk Feeding

scholarly journals The Impact of Maternal Breast Milk in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Afaghi ◽  
Fateme Sadat Rahimi ◽  
Farzad Esmaeili Tarki ◽  
Sahar Yazdani ◽  
Amirhossein Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The Impact

Context: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as a life-threatening gastrointestinal tract disease, is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Extensive inflammation, progressive hemorrhagic necrosis, and overwhelming infection of the gut are reasons why NEC is known as a devastating disease in premature infants. Almost 45% of affected preterm infants die, and those who survive suffer from multiple complications. Human milk, the best food for newborns, plays a significant role in supporting the immune system. Both mother’s own milk (MOM) and donor human milk (DHM) are particularly important in the prevention and lessening of the severity of NEC. Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases for articles that investigated the correlation between NEC and human milk. Then all data were accessed about their relevancy to this current subject. Results: In summary, the purpose of this article is to firstly review the protective role of breast milk components against NEC, and secondly discussing the correlation between human milk and NEC in clinical studies. Human milk bio-components, including Lactoferrin, oligosaccharides, maternal soluble IgA, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor, prebiotic, probiotics, and antioxidants, have a protective effect against NEC. However, the importance of these components in donor human milk and the formula is underestimated. Conclusions: Human milk, as the first-choice of nutritional source, comprises a wide diversity of copious bio-components, which dwindle the risk and severity of NEC in many ways. The exact mechanisms are still unclear, the evidence strongly point out that human milk is superior to any other nutrition concerning protecting the gastrointestinal tract from NEC.

scholarly journals Bacterial Diversity of Breast Milk in Healthy Spanish Women: Evolution from Birth to Five Years Postpartum

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2414
Author(s):  
Laura Sanjulián ◽  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
Rocío Barreiro ◽  
Alberto Cepeda ◽  
Cristina A. Fente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Abundant Genus

The objective of this work was to characterize the microbiota of breast milk in healthy Spanish mothers and to investigate the effects of lactation time on its diversity. A total of ninety-nine human milk samples were collected from healthy Spanish women and were assessed by means of next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons and by qPCR. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Accordingly, Streptococcus was the most abundant genus. Lactation time showed a strong influence in milk microbiota, positively correlating with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while Firmicutes was relatively constant over lactation. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that the highest alpha-diversity was found in samples of prolonged lactation, along with wider differences between individuals. As for milk nutrients, calcium, magnesium, and selenium levels were potentially associated with Streptococcus and Staphylococcus abundance. Additionally, Proteobacteria was positively correlated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in breast milk, and Staphylococcus with conjugated linoleic acid. Conversely, Streptococcus and trans-palmitoleic acid showed a negative association. Other factors such as maternal body mass index or diet also showed an influence on the structure of these microbial communities. Overall, human milk in Spanish mothers appeared to be a complex niche shaped by host factors and by its own nutrients, increasing in diversity over time.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine mRNABNT162b2 Elicits Human Antibody Response in Milk of Breastfeeding Women

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Maurizio Guida ◽  
Daniela Terracciano ◽  
Michele Cennamo ◽  
Federica Aiello ◽  
Evelina La Civita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Antibodies ◽  
Roche Diagnostics

Objective: The objective of this research is to demonstrate the release of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) antibodies in human milk samples obtained by patients who have been vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Milk and serum samples were collected in 10 volunteers 20 days after the first dose and 7 seven days after the second dose of the mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were measured by the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S ECLIA assay (Roche Diagnostics AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), a quantitative electrochemiluminescence immunometric method. Results: At first sample, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (103.9 ± 54.9 U/mL) and only in two (40%) milk samples with a low concentration (1.2 ± 0.3 U/mL). At the second sample, collected 7 days after the second dose, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (3875.7 ± 3504.6 UI/mL) and in all milk samples (41.5 ± 47.5 UI/mL). No correlation was found between the level of serum and milk antibodies; the milk antibodies/serum antibodies ratio was on average 2% (range: 0.2–8.4%). Conclusion: We demonstrated a release of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies in the breast milk of women vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2. Vaccinating breastfeeding women could be a strategy to protect their infants from COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals The Triad Mother-Breast Milk-Infant as Predictor of Future Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Verduci ◽  
Maria Lorella Giannì ◽  
Giulia Vizzari ◽  
Sara Vizzuso ◽  
Jacopo Cerasani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcome ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

The benefits of human milk for both mother and infant are widely acknowledged. Human milk could represent a link between maternal and offspring health. The triad mother-breast milk-infant is an interconnected system in which maternal diet and lifestyle might have effects on infant’s health outcome. This link could be in part explained by epigenetics, even if the underlining mechanisms have not been fully clarified yet. The aim of this paper is to update the association between maternal diet and human milk, pointing out how maternal diet and lifestyle could be associated with breast-milk composition, hence with offspring’s health outcome.

scholarly journals Human milk feeding and cognitive outcome in preterm infants: the role of infection and NEC reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winok Lapidaire ◽  
Alan Lucas ◽  
Jonathan D. Clayden ◽  
Chris Clark ◽  
Mary S. Fewtrell
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Verbal Iq

Abstract Background Breast milk has been associated with lower risk of infection and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and improved long-term cognitive outcomes in preterm infants but, if unsupplemented, does not meet the nutritional requirements of preterm infants. Methods Preterm infants were randomised to receive a high nutrient intervention diet: preterm formula (PTF) or the standard diet: term formula (TF) or banked donor breast milk (BBM), either as their sole diet or as supplement to maternal breast milk (MBM). IQ tests were performed at ages 7, 15, 20, and 30 years. Results An increase in MBM and BBM intake was associated with a lower chance of neonatal infection/NEC. Neonatal infection/NEC was associated with lower Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and Performance IQ (PIQ) score at ages 7 and 30 years. The relationship between higher intake of MBM and PIQ at age 7 years was partly mediated by neonatal infection/NEC. The intervention diet was associated with higher Verbal IQ (VIQ) scores compared to the standard diet. There was no evidence that these effects changed from childhood through to adulthood. Conclusions Neonatal diet is an important modifiable factor that can affect long-term cognitive outcome through a ‘human milk’ factor, protecting against infection/NEC, and a ‘nutrient content’ factor. Impact This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of neonatal infection/necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) on IQ in the same cohort in childhood and adulthood. Diet can be a key factor in long-term cognitive outcome in people born preterm by preventing neonatal infection/NEC and providing adequate nutrients. Human milk, whether MBM or BBM, is associated with a reduced risk of infection/NEC. A higher nutrient diet is associated with better cognitive outcome in childhood. Performance IQ is particularly vulnerable to the effects of infection/NEC and verbal IQ to the quantity of (macro)nutrients in the diet.

scholarly journals Effects of human milk fortifier with iron on the bacteriostatic properties of breast milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Leticia Fuganti Campos ◽  
João Carlos Domingues Repka ◽  
Mário Cícero Falcão
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Milk Fortifier

scholarly journals The enablers and barriers to continue breast milk feeding in women returning to work

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaharah Sulaiman ◽  
Pranee Liamputtong ◽  
Lisa H. Amir
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Milk Feeding
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