Pneumocystis carinii Infection: Evidence for High Prevalence in Normal and Immunosuppressed Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Linda L. Pifer ◽  
Walter T. Hughes ◽  
Sergio Stagno ◽  
Diane Woods
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Infection ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

Using Pneumocystis carinii organisms propagated through three passages in embryonic chick epithelial lung cultures, specific antigens and antisera were prepared for use in counterimmunoelectrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescent antibody techniques. These methods proved to be specific and sensitive for the detection of P. carinii antigen and antibody, respectively, in sera, and were applied to the study of cancer patients with P. carinii pneumonitis (PCP), cancer patients without pneumonitis, and normal children. Antigenemia was detected in 95% of patients with PCP, in 15% of cancer patients without pneumonitis, and in none of the normal children tested. In cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of normal infants and children, acquisition of serum antibody to P. carinii was demonstrated to occur progressively with increase in age. By 4 years of age two thirds of the normal children were found to have antibody to P. carinii in titers of 1:16 or greater. These studies indicate that subclinical P. carinii infection is highly prevalent in normal children, analogous to other opportunistic infections where active disease is manifest predominantly in the compromised host.

HIGH PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITON AND WORM INFECTION AMONG VAN KIEU AND PAKOH CHILDREN AGED 12-36 MONTHS IN DAKRONG DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE

2012 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Thi Lan Tran ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Xuan Ninh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Group Recommendation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

Objectives: Assess the nutritional status, worm infection status and some related factors among children aged 12-36 months of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Subject and method: A cross sectional study was carried out in 2010, in 680 children aged 12-36 months in 4 communes of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Results: The malnutrition rate was 55.0% for underweight, 66.5% for stunting and 16.2% for wasting. The prevalence of malnutrition increases by age group. The prevalence of worm infection was 31.6%, the highest prevalence was belong to Ascaris infection (24.6%), followed by Hookworm and Trichuris (6.5% and 6.2%, respectively). The prevalence of worm infection among children under two is very high (27.0%). The prevalence of worm infection was distributed quite equally between the malnutrition children group and normal children group. Recommendation: Early deworming forchildren from 12 months should be considered as important strategy against the malnutrition of children in Dakrong district, Quang Tri province

scholarly journals Coinfection of Toxoplasma Gondii and Intestinal Parasites among Elderly Immunocompromised Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi ◽  
Behnaz Rahmati
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Therapy

Introduction: Patients with cancer and hemodialysis are prone to opportunistic infections. The present research aims to examine the frequency of Toxoplasmosis and intestinal parasites in these patients. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, seventy stool and blood samples from immunocompromised patients (46 hemodialysis and 24 cancer patients) from Guilan Province were collected in 2017-2018. Different tests including direct smear examination and formalin-ether was conducted for the intestinal protozoan parasites. To detect coccidian parasites (e.g. Cryptosporidium spp.) Ziehl Neelsen staining was applied. The anti T.gondii antibodies were detected via ELISA method. Results: Totally 6.52% and 4.16% cases of hemodialysis and cancer patients were positive for intestinal parasite infection respectively. Blastocystis hominis was only intestinal parasite that were detected in these patients. IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibody detected in 35 (76.8%) hemodialysis and 15 (62.5%) cancer patients. IgM antibody were found in 1 elderly hemodialysis patient. Mix infection (Toxoplasmosis and Blastocystis) was observed in 6.52% and 4.16% in hemodialysis and cancer patients respectively. Conclusion: It is recommended to evaluate these patients for intestinal parasitic infections during hemodialysis or chemotherapy sessions. Data showed the high percentage of elderly patients were susceptible to reactivation of chronic Toxoplasmosis. Therefore, in order to refer them for early therapy or other interventions, it is important that elderly hemodialysis and cancer patients with toxoplasma infection be diagnosed and identified.  

Prevalence of renal insufficiency in cancer patients: Data from the IRMA-2 study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9559-9559 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Janus ◽  
S. Oudard ◽  
P. Beuzeboc ◽  
J. Gligorov ◽  
I. Ray-Coquard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Dosage Adjustment ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
High Prevalence

9559 Background: The IRMA-1 study reported the high prevalence of renal insufficiency (RI) in 4,684 cancer patients, with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <90 and <60 ml/min/1.73m2 for 52.9% and 12.0%, respectively. Furthermore, almost 80% of patients were receiving nephrotoxic drugs or drugs necessitating dosage adjustment. The IRMA-2 study was started one year later, in different patients, and consisted of 2 phases: 1) a cross-sectional study, similar to IRMA-1, and 2) a 2-year retrospective follow-up of the patients to describe the evolution of their renal function along with time. Data from the phase 1 were compared to the results of IRMA-1 in terms of RI prevalence. Methods: Data were collected for cancer patients presenting at one of the 19 IRMA-2 centers in March 2005: type of tumour, sex, age, weight, serum creatinine (SCR), and anticancer drugs. Dialysis, myeloma and lymphoma patients were not included. The prevalence of SCR>110 μmol/L was assessed. GFR was estimated with the aMDRD formula, anticancer drugs necessitating dosage adjustment and those potentially nephrotoxic were identified. Results: 4,945 patients (breast 1816, colorectal 747, lung 463, ovarian 294, prostate 251) were included in the IRMA-2 study. Median age 60.0, mean weight 66.2, 62.8% were women. The prevalence of an elevated SCR (SCR>110μmol/l) was 7.2% (vs. 7.2% in IRMA-1), that of a GFR < 90 ml/min/1.73m2 was 50.2% (vs. 52.9%) and that of a GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 was 11.9% (vs. 12.0%) ( Table ). 73.2% of treated patients (n=3882) were receiving at least one drug needing dosage adjustment and 75.5% received at least one nephrotoxic drug (vs. 79.9 and 80.1%, respectively). Conclusions: The results of IRMA-2 and IRMA-1 confirm the high prevalence of RI in cancer patients, on 2 different cohorts of nearly 5,000 cancer patients each. This underlines that estimating renal function in cancer patients is mandatory and that this highly frequent co-morbidity should be considered. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

High prevalence of malnutrition and sarcopenia in newly diagnosed cancer patients in turkey: Multicenter, cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. S76
Author(s):  
C. Balci ◽  
G. Tufan ◽  
N. Ozdemir ◽  
S. Aksoy ◽  
Ö.B. Öksüzoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals P1-258: High prevalence of anaemia among French hospitalised cancer patients: a one-day cross-sectional survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. S841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Lemarié ◽  
Suzette Delaloge ◽  
Christophe Hennequin ◽  
Sylvie Castaigne ◽  
Marine Diviné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Prevalence of Traditional and Complementary Alternative Medicine’s Use among Cancer Patients in South Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Nurul Huda Razali ◽  
Aisyah Ali ◽  
Siew Hua Gan ◽  
Chun Sen Lim
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Religion And Ethnicity

Objective: This study sought to describe the use of traditional and complementary alternative medicine’s (CAM) in a cohort of cancer patients in Johor, a state in Southern Peninsular Malaysia.Methodology: This is a four-month cross sectional study, targeted, on cancer outpatient clinics in three hospitals. Ethical approval and signed written informed consents were obtained from the patients, prior to the study. A standardised, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics and questions on CAM’s use. Results: The response rate was 95.4%. The majority of the participants was females (79.9%) and was from the Malay ethnic group (79.2%) with most having only a secondary education (41.8%). The mean age was 57.7 ± 12.47 years with the majority having breast cancer (51.1%). There were no significant association between the socio demographic variables with CAM’s use with the exception of hospital, participants’ religion and ethnicity (p-value < 0.05). Many patients preferred biologically-based therapies (87.8%) such as herbs and dietary supplements with a large proportion having reported to have utilised CAM after having completed the conventional treatment (40.0%). The majority (60.1%) of the patients were satisfied with CAM treatment while only 17.40% showed dissatisfaction. Most cancer patients chose CAM due to their perceived fewer side effects (31.1%), to increase quality of life (26.7%) and as a curative intent (20.7%).Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of CAM’s use among cancer patients in Southern State in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Investigation of Depression in Cancer Patient’s Caregivers in Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Awais Ghaffar ◽  
Mahwish Ujala ◽  
Muhammad Sohaib Nadeem ◽  
Humaira Mahmood ◽  
Syed Aftab Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death, responsible for 1 in 6 deaths globally and Caregivers play a major role in cancer patients' care and rehabilitation. They may face several psychological issues like depression along with physical and emotional disadvantages, and significant financial consequences. The objective of this study is to find out the associations of Depression with demographic variables among family caregivers of cancer patients in combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the OPD and IPD of the Oncology department of CMH, Rawalpindi between February and July 2020. The 384 adult cancer patient’s caregivers visiting oncology department were assessed to find out level of depression after getting informed consent. Data was collected by Demographic questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) tool. Chi-square test and Likelihood ratio chi-square test used to find association. Results: Out of all 384 caregivers 181 (47.1 %) were males and 203 (52.9 %) were females. 267 (69.5 %) were diagnosed as non-depressive while 117 (30.5 %) were diagnosed as Depressive. A considerable association has been found between Depression and Age of caregivers (p= 0.006), Gender of caregivers (p <0.05), employment status of caregivers (0.02) and relationship to a cancer patient (p = 0.003). Conclusion: A high prevalence of depression is found in cancer patient’s caregivers and Depression is significantly associated with Age of caregivers, Gender of caregivers, employment status of caregivers, and the relationship to cancer patients.

Minerals Intake Distributions in a Large Sample of Iranian at-Risk Population Using the National Cancer Institute Method: Do They Meet Their Requirements?

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

INTERARM SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE DIFFERENCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH PREVALENCE OF CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN POLICE WORKER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somesh Raju ◽  
Rina Kumari ◽  
Sunita Tiwari ◽  
NS Verma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Pressure Difference ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Interarm systolic blood pressure difference more than 10 mm of Hg is predictor of cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Despite of sufficient physical activity there is high prevalence of obesity in police personal because of stressful working environment. No studies have addressed the significance of interarm pressure difference among them. Therefore, the present study conducted to access the relation of interarm blood pressure difference with obesity in police personnel. Aims and Objective: To estimate the interarm pressure difference in police personal to see its association with their obesity. Material and Method: This cross-sectional observational study done on 245 police workers in PAC, Sitapur, India. Subjects having more than ten years of working experience were included in study. Anthropometric measurements of subject recorded by following standard protocol. Measurement of systolic pressure in both arm recorded simultaneously by mercury sphygmomanometer. Available data analyze and expressed in percentage, mean with SD and chi square test to see the significance of association. Results: According to anthropometric results of subjects 77.14 prcent subjects were having generalised obesity and 82.04 percent of subjects having abdominal obesity. 34.29 percent of subjects showed abnormally high (?10 mmHg) inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference. Both type of obesity showed positive association with blood sugar level but no association with interarm pressure difference. Conclusion: Interarm blood pressure difference is greater in individual having obesity or prolong duration of service. Such subjects are more susceptible to develop coronary artery disease or peripheral arterial disease in future. Early screening can help to detect the vascular events likely to occur in the future Keywords: Body mass index, Waist circumference, Interarm pressure difference, Random blood sugar

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