Etiology of Pertussis Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Keller ◽  
Rouben Aftandelians ◽  
James D. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Bordetella Parapertussis ◽  
Positive Bacterial Culture ◽  
Serologic Evidence ◽  
Family Contact ◽  
Culture Negative

One hundred patients with clinical pertussis were studied to determine the etiology of pertussis syndrome. Forty-two (42%) of the patients had either Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella parapertussis isolated from the nasopharynx. In an additional 36 (36%) patients, B pertussis was isolated from the nasopharynx of the associated index case or family contact case. Thus, Bordetella was isolated from 78 (78%) of the patients or from their immediate family group. Of the 22 culture-negative patients residing in culture-negative families, 12 had serologic evidence of Bordetella infection and another was from a family group in which two members were seropositive. Therefore, 91 patients (91%) had bacteriologic or serologic evidence of Bordetella infection themselves or within their families. Viral cultures were obtained on 75 of the patients. Adenoviruses were isolated from 33% of those with positive cultures for B pertussis and from 14% of those with negative cultures. In the group without direct or indirect, bacteriologic or serologic evidence of Bordetella infection, the adenoviral isolation rate (13%) was not significantly different from the adenoviral isolation rate (33%) in patients with a positive bacterial culture. These data do not support a role for adenovirus alone in causing pertussis syndrome.

scholarly journals Associations Between Procalcitonin and Markers of Bacterial Sepsis

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeresh Patil ◽  
Jaymin Morjaria ◽  
Francois De Villers ◽  
Suresh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Positive Bacterial Culture ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

Background. Bacterial sepsis with no bacterial isolates can be a difficult clinical conundrum, where other markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), white cell count (WCC), and neutrophilia are helpful to arrive at a diagnosis. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been shown to be a useful biomarker in bacterial sepsis. The aim of the study was to look at the association of PCT with bacterial cultures and compare this to currently used markers of bacterial sepsis. Material and Methods. WCC, neutrophil count, and CRP with PCT were compared in patients with a positive bacterial culture from blood/body fluid. The specificity and sensitivity of PCT were compared with those of CRP. Results. Of the 99 paired samples obtained, 25 cultures were positive for bacteria. There was a significant difference in CRP (P=0.04) and PCT (P<0.001) levels between culture-positive and culture-negative samples. PCT had a better sensitivity and specificity than CRP (84% and 64.9% vs. 69.6% and 52.9%, respectively), with a combined specificity (CRP and PCT) of 83.5%. Conclusions. PCT has a better association with bacterial sepsis and is superior to currently available biomarkers in the clinical setting. The rapid pharmacodynamics of PCT can serve as an early predictor of the diagnosis of bacterial sepsis while awaiting the bacterial culture results avoiding undue delay in the institution of antibiotics, hence, potentially improving the prognosis of patients with bacterial sepsis.

scholarly journals 657. Diagnostic Utility of Dedicated Fungal Blood Cultures for Diagnosis of Candidemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S385-S385
Author(s):  
Bryant Yang ◽  
Omai Garner ◽  
Richard Ou ◽  
Nicholas Stanzione
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Time To Positivity ◽  
Positive Bacterial Culture ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

Abstract Background Blood culture techniques have improved to the point where they are considered sensitive enough for detection of Candida. Expert guidelines clarifying the utility of use of dedicated fungal isolator cultures are lacking, and we wondered what utility, if any, they add for the diagnosis of candidemia. Methods All patients with cultures between March 2016-February 2020 positive for Candida were examined via manual chart review, noting time to positivity and time of initiation of antifungal therapy. Results We focused on cases of candidemia where a fungal culture was ordered and turned positive (59 out of the total 181 cases of candidemia). We eliminated an additional 10 cases where fungal cultures were sent while already on antifungal therapy or in patients already known to be fungemic, given our interest in de novo diagnoses. Another case was removed due to lack of clinical details, as the patient was discharged prior to culture results and managed at a different medical facility. There were 14 cases with discordant growth (fungal culture positive, bacterial culture negative). One patient passed away prior to culture results, but in the remaining 13 cases, the fungal culture changed clinical management, in most cases by prompting initiation of antifungal therapy. The remaining 36 cases involved with concordant growth between bacterial and fungal cultures. In 11 of those cases, the fungal culture isolated yeast 12 or more hours faster than its paired bacterial culture (average 40.7 +/- 26.6 hours). In 7 of these cases, the fungal culture changed management – in the remaining cases, the patient was already on empiric therapy. Among all cultures sent in patients not receiving antifungals that isolated Candida, the overall time to positivity for fungal cultures was 37.2 +/- 13 hours, while bacterial cultures took 54 +/- 26.4 hours. Fungal Culture Results Conclusion Fungal cultures changed management in 20/59 cases of candidemia (34%) either by making the diagnosis faster than a bacterial culture or making it outright. Given the morbidity and mortality associated with candidemia, rapid diagnosis is critically important. More specific guidelines optimizing how to best utilize fungal cultures to help standardize practice among clinicians will be critical going forward. Disclosures Omai Garner, PhD, D(ABMM), Beckman Coulter (Scientific Research Study Investigator)

scholarly journals Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine combined with Bordetella parapertussis vaccine

1962 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Köhler-Kubelka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Pertussis Vaccine ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Bordetella Parapertussis ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Combined Vaccine

Investigations carried out to ascertain the ability of various strains of Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis to produce agglutinins have shown that the agglutinin response is considerably greater with B. parapertussis.Children inoculated with a combined vaccine in which the parapertussis element contained B. parapertussis in only one-twelfth of the concentration of B. pertussis in the pertussis element showed agglutinins in their sera in titres well above 1:300 for both organisms. There were no cross-reactions and the serological responses were specific throughout. The vaccine used was the standard diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) prophylactic to which had been added a vaccine prepared from recently isolated strains of B. parapertussis.Agglutinin titres of both whooping cough components with the combined vaccine were somewhat lower in mice than was the case when monovalent vaccines were used, but they were considered to be satisfactory.It is suggested that the agglutination production test in mice could be used for the assessment of protective power of B. parapertussis vaccines against infection.I wish to thank Dr Ikić, director of the Institute of Immunology, Zagreb, who enabled me to perform all these examinations, further to Dr B. Mravunac and Dr Z. Radanov for having carried out vaccination in children and for the clinical examination of post vaccination reactions.

The Effects of Recombinant Human Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Gel on Third-Degree Frostbite Wounds in Northeastern China: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Hang Zhang ◽  
Chang-Lei Cui ◽  
Hao-Yue Zhu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Bacterial Culture ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the rhGM-CSF gel on third-degree frostbite wounds. Sixty-two patients who had suffered third-degree frostbite on their hand or foot (91 wounds in total) were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly allocated to two groups: the rhGM-CSF group(31patients,45 frostbite wounds) received the rhGM-CSF gel when wound dressing change daily; however, the control group (31patients, 46 frostbite wounds) received aloe glue. The wound healing time, the score of inflammation about the wound and the positive bacterial culture of wound secretions were used to measure outcomes, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS (25.0), Student’s t test or Mann–Whitney U test and chi-square test or Fisher exact test were selected, as appropriate. The healing time of the rhGM-CSF group was (12.2 ± 5.0) days, which was significantly shorter than that of the control group (15.5 ± 4.7) days (P &lt; .0001). The rhGM-CSF group’s wound inflammation scores on the 7th and 14th day of treatment were (0.96 ± 0.21) and (1.88 ± 0.29), respectively, which were better than those of the control group (1.12 ± 0.24) and (1.38 ± 0.15) (both P &lt; .0001). The positive bacterial culture of wound secretions in the rhGM-CSF group was also better than that in the control group on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after treatment (P = .027, .004, .030, respectively). According to the results, using rhGM-CSF gel considerably increases the speed of frostbite wounds healing, and have an effect on protecting third-degree frostbite wounds regarding the positive effects. Trial Registration: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR1900021299.

scholarly journals Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of the Automated AriesBordetellaAssay

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan F. Relich ◽  
Amy Leber ◽  
Stephen Young ◽  
Ted Schutzbank ◽  
Ronald Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Limits Of Detection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bordetella Parapertussis

ABSTRACTMolecular methods offer superior sensitivity and specificity and reduce testing turnaround time from days to hours for detection ofBordetella pertussisandBordetella parapertussis. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the automated PCR-based AriesBordetellaAssay, which detects bothB. pertussisandB. parapertussisdirectly from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The limits of detection (LoDs) were 1,800 CFU·ml−1forB. pertussisand 213 CFU·ml−1forB. parapertussis. The assay detected 16/18 uniqueB. pertussis/B. parapertussisstrains. Of 71 potentially cross-reacting organisms, 5 generated false positives in 1/6 replicates; none of 6 additionalBordetellaspp. were erroneously detected. Specimens were stable at 20 to 25°C for at least 10 h, at 4 to 8°C for 10 days, and at temperatures not exceeding −70°C for 6 months. Of 1,052 nasopharyngeal specimens from patients with suspected pertussis, 3.0% (n= 32) wereB. pertussispositive and 0.2% (n= 2) wereB. parapertussispositive. Combining these data with AriesBordetellaAssay data from 57 nasopharyngeal samples with previously confirmedB. pertussisorB. parapertussisdata and with data from 50 contrivedB. parapertussissamples, the proportions of positive and negative agreement of the respective Aries assays with the reference assays were 97.1% and 99.0% forB. pertussisand 100% and 99.7% forB. parapertussis. The AriesBordetellaAssay provides accurate detection and distinction ofB. pertussisandB. parapertussisinfections within 2 h. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02862262.)

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