Hydroxyzine Intoxication in a 13-Month-Old Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-283
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Magera ◽  
Charles J. Betlach ◽  
Alicia P. Sweatt ◽  
C. Warren Derrick
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Sinus Tachycardia ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Female Infant ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Acute Ingestion

A case of hydroxyzine toxicity following accidental ingestion in a 13-month old female infant has been presented. A plasma hydroxyzine concentration 8.5 hours after the acute ingestion was 102.7 µg/ml and toxicity was manifested primarily by generalized seizures and sinus tachycardia. General supportive care and seizure control with physostigmine resulted in complete recovery within 72 hours. This case represents the first documented report of hydroxyzine toxicity following acute ingestion in a child.

Phenylbutazone

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-968
Author(s):  
TALCOTT BATES
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Female Infant ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Cough Syrup ◽  
Antirheumatic Agent ◽  
At Home

Phenylbutazone (Butazolidin®), introduced into clinical usage in 1952 as an antirheumatic agent in gout, rheumatoid arthritis and other periarticular diseases, has gained widespread usage among adults, and a report of its accidental ingestion by a 2-year-old infant may therefore be of interest. On March 8, 1955, during a period of parental strife, a 24-month-old female infant was left alone at home with a 39-month-old sibling. At 9:30 A.M. she was discovered to have ingested 2 or 3 tablets of aspirin and phenacetin, and a small bottle of cough syrup, containing no potentially toxic or systemically active ingredients.

Medical Management in Focal versus Generalized Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 081-087
Author(s):  
Kumar Sannagowdara ◽  
Nadir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Side Effect Profile ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
New Compounds

AbstractAbout 70% of children with new-onset epilepsy have the potential to become seizure-free on antiepileptic drug (AED) monotherapy with appropriately selected first-line medication. In ideal world, physician is expected to achieve best possible seizure control without impacting the quality of life. There is rapid increase in number of AEDs available over last couple of decades. Although not necessarily all of them are superior to old generation drugs in terms of seizure control, certainly there is change in landscape from perspective of tolerability and side-effect profile. Physicians must therefore be familiar with safety, tolerability, therapeutic effects, synergistic combinations as well as AEDs to avoid in specific circumstances. The article attempts to give general overview of available AEDs under broad umbrella of effectiveness against focal and generalized seizures as well as drugs with “broad spectrum.” The emergence of newer AEDs with broad spectrum and favorable side-effect profile is welcome. However, the future lies in better understanding of underlying diverse pathophysiology of clinical symptom “epilepsy” and developing new compounds acting on molecular targets as well as individualizing therapy. Technological advances in molecular genetics research are bringing precision medicine to the fore.

Retrospective Study of Tetanus in 20 Dogs: 1988–2004

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Bandt ◽  
Elizabeth A. Rozanski ◽  
Tanja Steinberg ◽  
Scott P. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Tetanus Antitoxin ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics

The case records of 20 dogs that were treated for tetanus between 1988 and 2004 were reviewed. Young, large-breed dogs were most commonly affected. Twelve dogs had a likely source of infection identified. All dogs were treated with intravenous antibiotics and supportive care, such as muscle relaxants and sedation for muscle tremors and rigidity. Sixteen dogs received tetanus antitoxin. The mortality rate was 50%. Complete recovery in survivors required approximately 1 month.

scholarly journals Retrospective Study of Salinomycin Toxicosis in 66 Cats

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akos Pakozdy ◽  
Iris Challande-Kathman ◽  
Marcus Doherr ◽  
Sigitas Cizinauskas ◽  
Simon J. Wheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Sharp Waves ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

We examined 66 cats with salinomycin intoxication. Salinomycin caused different LMN signs of varying degrees of severity in all cases. Changes in blood work were unspecific, with the most frequent being increased serum creatine kinase activity, leukocytosis, and increased liver enzymes. Pathological electrodiagnostic findings: fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves were detected in 10 cases, motor nerve conductance velocity was mildly decreased in 8/12 cats, and sensory nerve conductance velocity and repetitive nerve stimulation were normal in all examined cases. In five cases the peripheral neuropathy was confirmed by pathohistology. Fluid therapy and supportive care were used as therapy and 52 cats recovered completely. The probability for complete remission was significantly different between mildly and severely affected cases. It seems that the severity of clinical signs and prognosis correlate well with the amount of toxin ingested. We conclude that early recognition and decontamination combined with supportive care results in complete recovery.

scholarly journals Assessment of topiramate’s efficacy and safety in epilepsy

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem P. Gupta ◽  
Anup Kumar Thacker ◽  
Jamal Haider ◽  
Shilpi Dhawan ◽  
Neerjesh Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Monthly Visit

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the significance of topiramate (TPM) addition on seizure control in treatment of epilepsy. Design: A prospective open label add-on trial of TPM addition in patients with epilepsy was done. The events of baseline phase of 12 weeks followed by titration and maintenance phases were recorded. Assessment of the number of seizure and emergent adverse effects was done by a monthly visit for each case. Main Outcome Measures: Reduction of more than 50% mean seizure frequency or response ratio of 0.33 was taken as the criteria for responders. Statistical Analysis: Normal Z-test for significance of differences between two proportions and Chi-square test for presence of association was applied and mean age, median duration, sex ratio, percentage prevalence were depicted. Results: Significant responses to TPM in both partial as well as generalized seizures were observed (Z = 6.66, P < 0.001 and Z = 4.185, P < 0.01). The effect was more pronounced in patients with partial seizures. However, the overall response was highly significant (Z = 7.839, P < 0.001). The best response was noted at the dose of 200-300 mg/day (Z = 6.708, P < 0.001). More than 35% cases of partial and generalized seizures reported more than 75% reduction levels. The drug was well tolerated in more than 65% cases for side effects on psychosis, giddiness, and anorexia. Mild side effects were seen only in about less than 35% cases. Conclusions: TPM was found as a significantly effective add-on anticonvulsant with some limitation or mild side effects.

scholarly journals Camphor induced status epilepticus: a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Rahumath Ajeetha ◽  
Anand Ramakrishnan ◽  
Benjamin Sagayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Seizure Recurrence ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Toxic Compound ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Author Report

Camphor is very toxic compound, which can be fatal for infants and children even if ingested in very small doses. Around 3-5 ml of 20% camphor oil or >30mg/Kg is a potentially lethal dose. Camphor is used very frequently for house hold purposes. The chances of accidental ingestion by children are high particularly in toddlers. Here author report 2 years old previously well child brought with status epilepticus with no apparent trigger. Child required benzodiazipine, phenytoin and levetiracetam loading for seizure control and was ventilated. Complete evaluation for seizure cause was planned post stabilization, but during intubation camphor odour was noticed and parents accepted a possibility of camphor ingestion. Hence seizure was attributed to camphor toxicity. Further evaluation was withheld. Child had no seizure recurrence and AED was stopped prior to discharge after documenting normal neurological examination and EEG. This case highlights the need for considering camphor poisoning as a cause of status epilepticus in the toddler age group and importance of proper enquiry about possible exposure and complete examination including odour in all cases of unprovoked seizures in children which can help us avoid unnecessary investigations searching for the cause of status epilepticus.

Treatment of Tricyclic Poisoning

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-912
Author(s):  
Pamela Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Acute Ingestion

Magera et al1 reported successful seizure control with physostigmine after acute ingestion of hydroxyzine. We concur with the authors' recommendation for cautious use of physostigmine. The authors point out that physostigmine-induced seizures have been reported following rapid intravenous administration and recommended that it be "administered slowly." We would like to clarify further the rate of administration. It has been recommended that the dose of physostigmine be administered intravenously over a two- to five-minute period to minimize the possibility of seizures.2,3

ACUTE POISONINGS IN A CHILDREN'S EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. e1.48-e1
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Starkey ◽  
Helen Sammons
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Close Observation ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Local Emergency Department ◽  
Poisoning Severity Score ◽  
The Uk

Objective To determine the incidence of children presenting to a children's emergency department with acute ingestion or poisoning. To identify common substances involved and those requiring admission and/or treatment.Method A retrospective notes survey was performed in children <16 years with a diagnosis of overdose or poisoning attending the local emergency department in 2013.ResultsA total of 441 events occurred with a potential diagnosis of overdose or poisoning in 428 children. This was 1.46% of all emergency attendances. 223 events (50%) were under 5 years with medicines or soaps and detergents being the commonest causes of accidental ingestion in 40% and 21% respectively. 182 events were over 12 years; 137 due to self-harm, 25 from alcohol and 9 from illicit drugs. 40% of all events required admission; 77% and 97% staying less than 24 and 48 hours respectively. In those staying over 2 days, only 1 patient remained for medical reasons requiring PICU care for a significant alcohol overdose. 10 patients received HDU care, 9 for close observation and 1 for treatment of recurrent seizures post mixed overdose. Only 2 patients had severe symptoms defined by the poisoning severity score.ConclusionAcute poisoning is a common reason to attend paediatric emergency departments. Most under 5 years don't require admission or treatment whereas over 12 years poisonings and overdoses are more problematic. Severe symptoms in children are rare suggesting further studies are required for determining the incidence of severe paediatric poisonings within the UK and Europe.

Leptospirosis in a Dog with Uveitis and Presumed Cholecystitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. e162-e167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Iris Color ◽  
Acute Change

A 7 yr old castrated male Australian shepherd dog was examined for acute change in iris color, lethargy, and anorexia. Uveitis, acute renal failure, and presumed cholecystitis were diagnosed. Based on clinical findings, leptosporosis was suspected, and the dog was treated with antibiotics and supportive care. The dog made a complete recovery, and leptospirosis was confirmed on convalescent titers. Due to the zoonotic potential, leptospirosis should be considered in cases of uveitis, as well as possible cholecystitis.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Colchicine and Budesonide in Improvement Outcomes of Patients with Coronavirus Infection 2019 in Damascus, Syria: A Randomized Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alsultan ◽  
Ameer Obeid ◽  
Omar Alsamarrai ◽  
Mohamed Taher Anan ◽  
Aliaa Bakr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Budesonide Group ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

COVID-19 was reported in China in 2019 and has spread worldwide. Transmission occurs through respiratory secretions and, less commonly, through contaminated surfaces. The severity of the disease can range from asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this study, we aim to investigate the efficacy of two agents (oral colchicine and budesonide inhaler) in COVID-19 infection management, compared with supportive care alone. 77 patients were admitted to the isolation section of Al Assad University Hospital, between the 1st of August and the 30th of August. A total of 49 patients were included in this randomized control trial, after excluding ineligible patients. The random sample was divided into three groups; the first group was supportive care plus colchicine, the second group was supportive care plus budesonide inhaler, and the control group was supportive care alone. PaO2/FiO2 was improved in the budesonide group, higher than the supportive and colchicine groups. The median hospitalization days were shorter when using colchicine or budesonide, opposed to supportive care alone (8 vs 10 days, respectively). 34 patients (69.3%) were discharged, and 27 patients (55.1%) were followed up until they were weaned from oxygen and made a complete recovery. There was a significant decrease in mortality with colchicine (3 patients; 21.4%) compared with supportive care (7 patients; 33.3%) and the budesonide group (5 patients; 35.7%).

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