Committee on Nutrition and the WHO Code of Marketing Breastmilk Substitutes

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
Lewis A. Barness
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Code ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Notable Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Who Code ◽  
Health Organization

Many have questioned the decision of the American Academy of Pediatrics not to support all of the provisions of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes of the World Health Organization. Some have attributed the AAP stance to allegiances other than to children, but the AAP has long been known for its support of breast-feeding. The AAP has already expressed its concern for the adequacy of the WHO code in a press release and elsewhere. Some of the deliberations of the AAP Committee on Nutrition (CON), while I was its chairman, may be of interest. The AAP Committee on Nutrition has unofficially considered the various drafts of the Code during the past three years and has voiced its suggestions for further revisions, without notable effect.

The SCI target - low infection rates.

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
Alan Fenwick ◽  
Wendie Norris ◽  
Becky McCall
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
National Government ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization has developed guidelines for counseling national ministries on how best to control schistosomiasis using MDA as a main tool. It also seeks to determine how often to perform treatment and for whom depends on the level of infection in the community. In the past, because limited resources (including the availability of praziquantel), each national government is encouraged to broaden its agenda to find a balance between the frequency of treatment and the use and cost of a rare drug. This chapter discusses schistosomiasis control and elimination strategies.

40 Years without Smallpox

Acta Naturae ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Shchelkunova ◽  
S. N. Shchelkunov
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Human Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eradication Program ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

The last case of natural smallpox was recorded in October, 1977. It took humanity almost 20 years to achieve that feat after the World Health Organization had approved the global smallpox eradication program. Vaccination against smallpox was abolished, and, during the past 40 years, the human population has managed to lose immunity not only to smallpox, but to other zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections as well. As a result, multiple outbreaks of orthopoxvirus infections in humans in several continents have been reported over the past decades. The threat of smallpox reemergence as a result of evolutionary transformations of these zoonotic orthopoxviruses exists. Modern techniques for the diagnostics, prevention, and therapy of smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections are being developed today.

COVID-19 Exposes Warped Global Health Power: The System Needs a Course Correction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aruna KASHYAP ◽  
Kyle KNIGHT ◽  
Margaret WURTH
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Arundhati Roy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Just three weeks after the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized COVID-19 as a global pandemic, novelist Arundhati Roy wrote: ‘Historically, pandemics have forced humans to break with the past and imagine their world anew. This one is no different. It is a portal, a gateway between one world and the next.’1

scholarly journals Recommendations for Adopting the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes Into U.S. Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Soldavini ◽  
Lindsey Smith Taillie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Code ◽  
The World ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Health Organization

In 1981, the World Health Organization adopted the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes ( International Code), with subsequent resolutions adopted since then. The International Code contributes to the safe and adequate provision of nutrition for infants by protecting and promoting breastfeeding and ensuring that human milk substitutes, when necessary, are used properly through adequate information and appropriate marketing and distribution. Despite the World Health Organization recommendations for all member nations to implement the International Code in its entirety, the United States has yet to take action to translate it into any national measures. In 2012, only 22.3% of infants in the United States met the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation of at least 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding. Countries adopting legislation reflecting the provisions of the International Code have seen increases in breastfeeding rates. This article discusses recommendations for translating the International Code into U.S. policy. Adopting legislation that implements, monitors, and enforces the International Code in its entirety has the potential to contribute to increased rates of breastfeeding in the United States, which can lead to improved health outcomes in both infants and breastfeeding mothers.

A Future for Leprosy: Clinical and Bioarchaeological Perspectives

Leprosy ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Future Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Hebrew Word ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This concluding chapter considers the overall findings of the book, some limitations of the data, and addresses the myths of leprosy outlined at the start of the book. All the ten myths are dismissed. For example, leprosy can be cured using antibiotic therapy, which has been free for all who need it since 1995; leprosy as we know it today is not described in the Bible—this misconception is related to a mistranslation of a Hebrew word; leprosy is a problem for people today. While figures from the World Health Organization indicate that new “cases” of leprosy have shown a steady decline since the late 1990s, the legacy of leprosy (impairment, stigma, isolation) remains; and all people with leprosy were not necessarily segregated from society in the past—the bioarchaeological data show that not everyone with leprosy was segregated and that people likely remained part of their communities. Finally, a future for leprosy in our world is considered, alongside its future study in history and bioarchaeology through an evolutionary perspective that is ethically grounded, not forgetting that using the word “leper” is not advised.

Dementia due to HIV disease

2012 ◽  
pp. 384-386
Author(s):  
Mario Maj
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
American Academy ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Aids Dementia Complex ◽  
World Health ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
American Academy Of Neurology

The first description of a syndrome consisting of cognitive, motor, and behavioural disturbances in patients with AIDS was published in 1986. The syndrome was named ‘AIDS dementia complex’. In 1990, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the term ‘HIV-associated dementia’, pointing out that subclinical or mild cognitive and/or motor dysfunctions without impairment of performance in daily living activities cannot be subsumed under the term ‘dementia’. The expression ‘mild cognitive/motor disorder’ was proposed for those conditions. The same distinction was made in 1991 by the American Academy of Neurology, which identified an ‘HIV-associated dementia complex’ and an ‘HIV-associated minor cognitive/motor disorder’. The present chapter focuses on the dementia syndrome associated with HIV infection.

Review of the Times When One-Third of the Mankind is Under Lockdown due to Coronavirus

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Gware ◽  
Deepanshu Gulati
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Affair ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Times ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract:: On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization's (WHO) China office heard the principle reports of an in the past darken disease behind different pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. Coronaviruses are an enormous social affair of diseases that are known to corrupt the two individuals and animals which cause respiratory illness that run from essential colds to significantly progressively authentic defilements. Covid-19 contamination is spreading like fire in the whole world. It is spreading the world over with an uncommonly snappy rate. Fever, running nose, dry hack and inconvenience in breathing are a couple of signs of the sickness. The World Health Organization, which has legitimately broadcasted the scene a pandemic, has drawn closer "all countries to continue with attempts that have been fruitful in limiting the amount of cases and moving back the spread of the contamination."

scholarly journals PENGARUH DUKUNGAN SUAMI DAN DUKUNGAN ATASAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PEMBERIAN AIR SUSU IBU (ASI) EKSKLUSIF PADA IBU BEKERJA DI WILAYAH KERJA UPT BLUD PUSKESMAS TANJUNG KARANG TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Yunita Marliana
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) merekomendasikan pamberian ASI Eksklusif sekurang-kurangnya selama 6 bulan pertama kehidupan dan dilanjutkan dengan makanan pendamping sampai usia 2 tahun, rekomendasi serupa juga oleh American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Academy of Breasfeeding Medicine demikian pula oleh Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI). Diperkirakan bahwa pemberian ASI eksklusif dapat mengurangi kematian bayi sebesar 13%. Pemberian ASI eksklusif telah diakui sebagai salah satu intervensi utama di seluruh dunia utuk mengurangi angka kematian bayi dan anak-anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis observasional analitik dengan dan desain cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja UPT BLUD Puskesmas Tanjung Karang pada bulan Mei-Juni 2016. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu bekerja (sektor negeri maupun swasta) yang memiliki bayi yang berusia 7-12 bulan. Sampel yang digunakan adalah keseluruhan populasi atau Total Sampling, sebanyak 34 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan Ibu bekerja yang mendapatkan dukungan dari suami sebagian besar berhasil menyusui bayinya sebanyak 76,5%. Dengan hasil uji Chi Square 0,001 sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh dukungan suami terhadap keberhasilan pemberian ASI Ekslusif pada ibu bekerja. Sedangkan mayoritas ibu bekerja yang mendapatkan dukungan dari atasannya memiliki tingkat keberhasilan pemberian ASI Ekslusif sebanyak 78,9%. Dengan hasil uji Chi Square 0,000 sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh dukungan atasan terhadap keberhasilan pemberian ASI Ekslusif pada ibu bekerja.

scholarly journals Editorial

Transfers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Deborah Breen ◽  
Gijs Mom
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Executive Director ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Policies ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Motorized Vehicles

“Mobility crisis”: These are the words used by Anumita Roychoudhury, the executive director of Delhi’s Centre for Science and Environment, to describe the growing pollution in India, especially in large cities like Delhi, as a result of the dramatic increase in the use of motorized vehicles in the past two decades. Although the population of Delhi and its surrounding cities more than doubled (to twenty-two million) between 1991 and 2011, she points out that registered cars and motorbikes increased fivefold, to eight million.1 Th is growth, along with increased but poorly regulated construction, underinvestment in public transport, and local and national policies that privilege automobiles at the expense of other forms of transport, has resulted in pollution rates that are now, according to a World Health Organization report, the worst in the world.2

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