Infant-Feeding Practices and Their Relationship With Diarrheal and Other Diseases in Huascar (Lima), Peru

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Brown ◽  
Robert E. Black ◽  
Guillermo Lopez de Romaña ◽  
Hilary Creed de Kanashiro
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Breast Fed

Longitudinal studies of the feeding practices and morbidity from infectious diseases of 153 Peruvian newborns from an underprivileged, periurban community were completed during their first year of life. Feeding practices were assessed by monthly questionnaires, and illnesses were identified by thrice-weekly, community-based surveillance. All infants were initially breast-fed, but only 12% were exclusively breast-fed at 1 month of age. At 12 months of age, 86% of children still received some breast milk. Incidence and prevalence rates of diarrhea in infants younger than 6 months of age were less among those who were exclusively breast-fed compared with those who received other liquids or artificial milks in addition to breast milk. The diarrheal prevalence rates doubled with the addition of these other fluids (15.2% v 7.1% of days ill, P < .001). Infants for whom breast-feeding was discontinued during the first 6 months had 27.6% diarrheal prevalence. During the second 6 months of life, discontinuation of breast-feeding was also associated with an increased risk of diarrheal incidence and prevalence. Upper and lower respiratory tract infections occurred with lesser prevalence among exclusively breast-fed younger infants. The prevalences of skin infections by category of feeding practice were not as consistent, but exclusively breast-fed infants tended to have fewer skin infections during the initial months of life and older infants who continued to breast-feed had fewer infections than those who did not. None of the results could be explained by differences in the socioeconomic status of the infants' families.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers and infant feeding practices in some semi urban villages of a selected Upazilla

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Mahejabin ◽  
Abdul Wadud Khan ◽  
Masuda Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Weaning Food ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

To identify the socio-demogrsphic factors and to determine the breast-feeding and weaning practices of the mothers of infants in some selected villages of Dhamrai.  A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted from July to December, 2011. A total of 320 mothers were interviewed having infant up to the age of 1 year. A validated questionnaire, which consists of questions relating to socio-demographic data, breast-feeding and weaning practices, was used.  The total number of mothers interviewed was 320 who had infants up to 1 year of age. The mothers were mostly 154(48.1%) aged 21- 25 years and 107 (33.4%) aged 26-30 years. Most 151 (47.2%) of the mothers were educated up to primary level and 96(30%) up to secondary level. 71 mothers were illiterate. The mothers were mostly 190(55.4%) belonged to nuclear family and 129(40.3%) joint family. Most 301(94.1%) of the mothers were housewife. The monthly income of the respondents were Taka 5001-10000 amongst 149(47%) and Taka < 5000 132 (41%). The mean monthly family income of the respondents was 7626.56±3171.248 Taka. Out of 320 infants, 137 (43%) were aged 9-12 months, 124 (39%) were 6-9 months and 59 (18.4%) infants were aged < 6 months. The infants mostly 96(30%) weighted more than 8 kg, 95 (30%) weighted 6-8 kg and 76 (24%) weighted 4-6 kg. All the mothers had initiated breast feeding to their infants and majority 298(98%) were on breast feeding and 57 (96.6%) were on exclusive breast feeding during the study. The infants of < 6 months fed breast milk 8 times or more in a day, the infants of 6-9 months fed breast milk 6-8 times in a day and those not breast fed they fed liquid/soft foods 4-6 times in a day. The infants of 9-12 months fed breast milk 4-6 times in a day and those not breast fed they fed liquid/soft foods 6-8 times in a day. The infants mostly 57(96.6%) were on exclusive breast feeding at the age of <6 months and on complementary feeding 77 (62%) and 83(60.5%) infants at the age of 6-9 and 9-12 months respectively. The infants were not on breast feed 13 (10.5%) at the age of 6-9 months and 23(16.8%) at the age of 9-12 months. Out of 320 respondents 315(98.4%) were aware about the usefulness of breast feeding and 5(1.6%) were not aware. Out of 320 respondents 269(84.1%) were aware about the complementary food and 51(15.9%) were not aware. Out of 320 respondents 218(68.1%) were aware about the knowledge of starting weaning food and 102(31.9%) were not aware about the starting of weaning food.  The results of the study indicate that the breast feeding practices among the mother of urban areas were well practiced. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v2i1.14183 Community Based Medical Journal Vol.2(1) 2013 43-48

scholarly journals EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
SOHAIL ASLAM ◽  
FAROOQ AKRAM ◽  
MEHBOOB SULTAN
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Primary Care Hospital ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Breast Fed

Objective To study the duration and factors influencing exclusive breast feeding practice. Design: A cross sectional descriptive study Setting: A primary care hospital Gilgit, northern area of Pakistan. Period: Ten months from March 2007 to December 2007. Material & Method This study include 125 mothers with mean age of 24.3 years (SD 4.8),37% were illiterate while only 14% were matriculate or above among 125 babies (male 61%: female 39%). Results Out of total 125, eighty one (64.8%) babies were exclusively breast fed (EBF) for first six months of life and only five(4%) infants were not given breast milk at all . among 76 male infants ,52 (68.4%) were EBF for six months in comparison to 29 female (59.2%) out of 49. among 36 first born infants only 15 (41.7%) were EBF for six months in comparison to 66 (74.2%)out of 89 not first born(p<0.05). Conclusion: Exclusive breast feeding for complete 6 months is still not routinely practised by most of mothers and first born are deprived of this right in majority lower socioeconomic group and illiterate mothers are more likelyto breast feed, gender bias was also observed as a significantly high percentage of male babies were observed to be breast fed as compared to females. More efforts are required by health depart. And NGO’s to promote good breast feeding practices in our setup. 

Executive Summary

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

Domestic Although the rate of breast-feeding is increasing in the United States, it appears that the rate of increase has been much slower among less well educated and economically disadvantaged women. Relatively little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that affect the decisions to breast-feed or to stop if already breast-feeding. Breast-feeding does appear to decrease an infant's risk of gastrointestinal infection and otitis media. The effect of method of infant feeding on risk of other infections and allergic illness is less certain. International The rate of breast-feeding in developing countries appears to have declined, especially among urban women. Although some sociodemographic correlates of infant-feeding choice have been examined, little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that influence choice and duration of infant-feeding practices. Milk insufficiency, maternal employment, and pregnancy frequently are given as reasons for terminating breast-feeding. Rates of gastrointestinal illness are lower among breast-fed infants and when such illness is an important cause of death, infant mortality from this cause appears to be reduced. A randomized clinical trial carried out among high-risk infants found a significantly lower rate of infections among those given breast milk than those fed with infant formula. The evidence of the effect of breast-feeding on respiratory tract and other infections from other studies was less clear. Direct comparison of the growth of predominately breast-fed v artificially fed infants in the same populations from developing countries generally show faster growth for the breast-fed infants for the first 6 months of life. After 6 months, severe growth faltering occurs regardless of the method of feeding. In communities where the nutritional adequacy of supplementary foods is poor, breast milk is an extremely important, high-quality food during the second half of infancy and beyond.

Fluoxetine in breast-milk and developmental outcome of breast-fed infants

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yoshida ◽  
B. Smith ◽  
M. Craggs ◽  
R. Channi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

BackgroundSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are currently the most widely prescribed antidepressant drugs. There are only four published studies of breast-feeding mothers and their infants in which the mothers were taking fluoxetine.MethodFour mothers who took fluoxetine and their breast-fed infants were studied. Samples of plasma, breast-milk and urine were taken from the mothers and of plasma and urine from infants for assays of drug and metabolite concentrations. Bayley Scales of Infant Development were repeatedly used to assess cognitive and psychomotor development of the infants.ResultsFluoxetine and norfluoxetine were detected in all samples of maternal plasma (range of total concentration 138–427 ng/ml) and in breast-milk (range 39–177 ng/ml). Amounts of both fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in infants' plasma and urine were below the lower limit of detection. All infants were observed to be developing normally and showed no abnormal findings on neurological examination.ConclusionsMuch larger databases are needed but these four cases do not provide any evidence to suggest that women who are maintained on therapeutic doses of fluoxetine should discontinue breast-feeding their infants if they wish to breast-feed.

scholarly journals Breast-feeding initiation and determinants of exclusive breast-feeding – a questionnaire survey in an urban population of western Nepal

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
TS Chandrashekhar ◽  
HS Joshi ◽  
VS Binu ◽  
PR Shankar ◽  
MS Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
Local Traditions

AbstractObjectiveTo assess rates of initiation of breast-feeding and exclusive breast-feeding within 2 months after delivery and to determine the factors influencing exclusive breast-feeding.DesignA health worker-administered questionnaire survey was carried out during the time period 1 August–30 September 2005.SettingImmunisation clinics of Pokhara, a submetropolitan city in western Nepal.SubjectsThree hundred and eighty-five mothers who had delivered a child within the previous 2 months.ResultsThe rates of initiation within 1 h and within 24 h of delivery were 72.7 and 84.4%, respectively. Within 2 months after delivery, exclusive breast-feeding was practised by 82.3% of the mothers. Breast milk/colostrum was given as the first feed to 332 (86.2%) babies but 17.2% of them were either given expressed breast milk or were put to the breast of another lactating mother. Pre-lacteal feeds were given to 14% of the babies. The common pre-lacteal feeds given were formula feeds (6.2%), sugar water (5.9%) and cow's milk (2.8%). Complementary feeds were introduced by 12.7% of the mothers. By logistic regression analysis, friends' feeding practices, type of delivery and baby's first feed were the factors influencing exclusive breast-feeding practice of the mothers.ConclusionsDespite the higher rates of initiation and exclusive breast-feeding, practices such as pre-lacteal feeds and premature introduction of complementary feeds are of great concern in this urban population. There is a need for promotion of good breast-feeding practices among expectant mothers and also the community, especially the families, taking into account the local traditions and customs.

scholarly journals Feeding practices in early life and later intake of fruit and vegetables among Japanese toddlers: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitomi Okubo ◽  
Yoshihiro Miyake ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki ◽  
Keiko Tanaka ◽  
Yoshio Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjectiveA growing body of evidence from Western countries shows that infant feeding practices are associated with later childhood dietary habits, but little is known about these relationships in non-Western countries with different food cultures. We examined the association of breast-feeding duration and age at introduction of solid foods with later intake of fruit and vegetables among Japanese toddlers.DesignInformation on breast-feeding duration, age at introduction of solid foods and child’s intake frequency of fruit and vegetables were collected with a self-administered questionnaire at 16–24 months postpartum. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios of low intake (<1 time/d) of fruit or vegetables for each infant feeding practice.SettingJapan.SubjectsJapanese mother–child pairs (n 763) from a prospective birth cohort study.ResultsNeither breast-feeding duration nor age at introduction of solid foods was associated with fruit intake at 16–24 months of age. Breast-feeding duration, but not age at introduction of solid foods, was associated with later intake of vegetables. When breast-feeding duration was categorized into two groups with the cut-off at 6 months, children who were breast-fed for ≥6 months had a significantly decreased risk of low intake of vegetables (OR=0·53; 95 % CI 0·34, 0·84) than those breast-fed for <6 months. This association was independent of potential confounders including maternal education and maternal vegetable intake (OR=0·59; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·97).ConclusionsThis finding suggests that ≥6 months of breast-feeding may prevent low intake of vegetables in early childhood among Japanese toddlers.

Exclusive Breast Feeding Practice: A Time Point Study on Mothers of Under-six Months Child

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Md. S Anwar ◽  
A Mazid
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Time Point

Exclusive beeasdeeding up to tlw completion of the sixth month of age is the national infant keding recommendation for Bangladesh. Across-sectional study was conducted in the Holy Family Red Crescent Medical Hospital. Dhaka to explore current knowledge, attitudes. skills and practices regarding optimistic exclusive breastkeding among the mothers of under 6 months child. Overall 56% of children are breastfed within one hour of birth. Although about 86% of the respmulents knew the importance of breastfeeding and different electronic and print media played as most common source (33%) of information. Only 17% of the respondent among whom practicing breasifeeding for their babies gave breast milk 4-6 times in 24 hours. Majority of the newborn babies (71%) were given breast milk as first keeling. Insufficiency of breast milk and tradition were identified as tiro factors that influenced to initiaw pre-lacteal feeding. In most cases. mother-in-laws (50%) initiated the feeding followed by their own parents 135%1 Different .forms of feeding practices beyond breast milk reported in the present study. More than half (56%) Of the respondent knew the accurate fulmination about durat urn of breast feeding whereas only 28% of the respondent who often breast fed to their babies had skill on correct attachment of breast feeding and 117( of the respondent had the skills on good positioning of breastfi•eding. Exclusive breastfreding up to six tumults is still low and the prevalence of inappropriate practices is high and skill regarding positioning and attachment are very poor.

Breastfeeding Pattern and its Associated Factors Among Mothers Working at Two Hospitals in Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Srijana Basnet ◽  
Merina Shrestha ◽  
Tulashi Adhikari ◽  
Aarati Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Prelacteal Feeding ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Introduction: Breastfeeding practices of women working at the hospital are likely to be modified by the facilities and support that they receive at the hospital. This study was done to evaluate the breast feeding practices and to analyse important factors that are associated with exclusive breast feeding till six months among women working at hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal Methods: A total of 110 women, with a young child between the ages of six months and two years were recruited from two hospitals in Kathmandu. A predesigned structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 29.85 ± 3.68 years. Ninety seven (88.2%) women were aware about initiation of breastfeeding within first hour of birth but only 64 (58.2%) women could practice it. Most women 100 (90.9%) were aware about exclusive breastfeeding but only 18 (16.3%) could practice exclusive breastfeeding till six months.  Mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 2.86 ± 2.00 months and 20 (18.2%) mothers practiced mixed feeding since birth. The participants whose babies had prelacteal feeding had significantly shorter duration of mean exclusive breast feed {1.92 ± 2.18 (S.D)} compared to those who did not have prelacteal feed {3.33 ± 1.74 (S.D)}  (p = 0.001). Those who delivered by normal vaginal delivery, initiated breastfeeding within first hour of delivery, expressed breast milk and got feeding breaks were associated with longer duration of mean exclusive breast feed. Conclusion: The breast feeding practices among working women at hospital is quite low compared to national statistics on IYCF. Breast milk expression and feeding breaks for lactating working women could improve feeding practices.

scholarly journals A Study on the Feeding Practices among Under-Five Children in Urban Slum dwellers of District Dehradun, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Richa Sinha ◽  
Rakesh Kakkar ◽  
S D Kandpal
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Breast milk feeding is the first fundamental right of the child. However, there are many cultural practices associated with infant feeding of which certain undesirable practices need to be discouraged.Objectives: To assess the feeding practices of under five year children in urban slum and to determine the factors influencing it, if any.Methodology: Community based analytical cross sectional study was conducted in urban slums amongst mothers over one-year period. A house to house survey was conducted and Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire on breastfeeding practices & data pertaining to breastfeeding practices was asked in detail from mothers of babies who were breastfed.Results: A total of 381 children were studied. A total of 87.0% of the children were delivered at health facilities and the rest at home. 65.9% received prelacteal feed in the form of water, infant milk formula, cow milk and honey. Most of the children (54.1%) received breast milk within 24 hrs of birth. 95.0% received colostrum and 67.2% received exclusive breast feeding for 6 months. It was observed that children who were exclusively breastfed for six months were found to be better nourished (51.3%).Conclusions: Majority of the mothers were practicing exclusive breast feeding, however a significant proportion of children was deprived of timely initiation of breast feeding. About 2/3 of the mothers were still practicing pre-lacteal feeds to their children. The study documents that there was significantly increased risk of PEM if the child is not exclusive breastfed for 6 months.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.15-19

scholarly journals Prelacteal Feeding Practices of Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic in a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
P. I. Opara ◽  
B. A. Alex-Hart
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Prelacteal Feeding ◽  
Infant Welfare ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Prelacteal Feeds

Background: Breastfeeding pattern established in the immediate neonatal period is a determinant of long term breastfeeding behaviour. Objectives: To determine prelacteal feeding practices of mothers attending the Infant Welfare Clinic of a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross sectional hospital based study carried out over a 3 month period. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was distributed to mothers whose babies were 0 to 6 months old, who visited the infant welfare clinics of the hospital for any of the child health services such as immunization, nutrition counselling, weighing and vitamin A supplementation. Questions asked included socio-demographics, the first feeds given immediately after birth, how long it took to commence breastfeeding and reasons for giving any feeds other than breast milk. Results: A total of 207 mothers participated in this study, mean age 30.73±4.129SD. 146 (70.5%) mothers gave breast milk as the first feeds to their babies while 61(29.5%) gave prelacteal feeds. Fifty eight (28%) of the babies were put to breast within 2-12 hours after delivery. There was a significant positive relationship between time to first breast feed and administration of prelacteal feeds (p = 0.000). Reasons for giving substances other than breast milk included poor or no lactation and caesarian section delivery. The commonest reason for not giving breast milk as the first feed was because breast milk did not flow. Factors which positively influenced giving breastmilk as the first feed included maternal level of education (p=0.018), delivery in government health facilities (p=0.00) and having vaginal delivery (p=0.008).  Conclusion: Prelacteal feeding practice is common among mothers in Port Harcourt. Time to first breast feed, mode of delivery and place of delivery were some of the factors that influenced use of prelacteal feeds.

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