Allergy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-293
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interaction ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Crossover Fashion ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Time Basis

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE INCREASES PLASMA CAFFEINE LEVELS Lake CR, Rosenberg DB, Gallant S, Zaloga G, Chernow B. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1990;47:675-685 Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study was to examine the possible pharmacokinetic interaction of concurrent theophylline and caffeine administration. Study Population Sixteen healthy subjects (13 men, 3 women) were included in the study. Subject caffeine consumption ranged from 20 to 1200 mg/d (mean, 251 ± 73 mg/d). Seven subjects smoked at least a half pack of cigarettes per day. Methods The subjects received each of the following drug combinations on a one-time basis in a double-blind, crossover fashion: 400 mg of caffeine, 400 mg of caffeine in combination with 75 mg of phenylpropanolamine, and placebo. Ten of the subjects completed all four drug combinations. One subject received three drug combinations, three subjects received two drug combinations, and two subjects received one drug combination. Serum was collected 5 minutes before drug administration, and at ½, 1, 1½, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours after drug administration. The serum was assessed for caffeine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine levels. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured 2½ and 5 minutes for drug administration and at 15-minute intervals for 5 hours after drug administration. The patients also filled out a 21-item mood and physical symptoms questionnaire 25 minutes before receiving the medication and 1½ and 4 hours after its administration. Findings Caffeine levels after ingestion of the phenylpropanolamine-caffeine combination were significantly higher than those of the other drug combinations from 1 to 5 hours after administration.

Photoreaction Potential of Orally Administered Levofloxacin in Healthy Subjects

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis E Boccumini ◽  
Cynthia L Fowler ◽  
Theresa A Campbell ◽  
Linda F Puertolas ◽  
Kays H Kaidbey
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Uva Light ◽  
Uvb Exposure ◽  
Nm Range

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the photoreaction potential of levofloxacin on exposure to solar-simulating radiation. Solar-simulating is ultraviolet (UV) light, defined as UVA in the 320–400 nm range and UVB in the 290–320 nm range. DESIGN: In a single-center, double-blind, randomized study, 30 adults (20 men, 10 women) received oral levofloxacin (500 mg qd x 5 d) or placebo. At baseline photoexposure prior to drug administration, each subject was exposed to UVB light at 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0 times the minimal erythema dose and to UVA light (25 J/cm2). Photoexposure was repeated on day 5, two hours following final drug administration, and response was determined using both a photoreaction rating scale and investigator assessment. RESULTS: Using the photoreaction rating scale, following UVB exposure on day 5, no abnormal photoreactions were observed among levofloxacin recipients. UVA exposure was associated with mild reactions in 20 of 24 levofloxacin-treated and three of six placebo-treated subjects, with no associated symptoms. By investigator assessment, all subjects had a negative reaction to UVB photoexposure, and 10 of 24 levofloxacin-treated and three of six placebo-treated subjects had a photoreaction following UVA photoexposure. Dermal reactions were mild and similar for both treatment groups. No subject experienced an immediate wheal-and-flare reaction. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups for any of the comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Levofloxacin has a low photosensitizing potential when administered to healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Caffeine Timing Improves Lower-Body Muscular Performance: A Randomized Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Harty ◽  
Hannah A. Zabriskie ◽  
Richard A. Stecker ◽  
Brad S. Currier ◽  
Grant M. Tinsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Crossover Fashion ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Muscular Performance

Little is known about the optimal time to consume caffeine prior to exercise to maximize the ergogenic benefits of the substance.Purpose: To determine the optimal pre-exercise time interval to consume caffeine to improve lower-body muscular performance. A secondary aim was to identify the presence of any sex differences in responses to timed caffeine administration.Methods: Healthy, resistance-trained males (n = 18; Mean±SD; Age: 25.1 ± 5.7 years; Height: 178.4 ± 7.1 cm; Body mass: 91.3 ± 13.5 kg; Percent body fat: 20.7 ± 5.2; Average caffeine consumption: 146.6 ± 100.3 mg/day) and females (n = 11; Mean ± SD; Age: 20.1 ± 1.6 years; Height: 165.0 ± 8.8 cm; Body mass: 65.8 ± 10.0 kg; Percent bodyfat: 25.8 ± 4.2; Average caffeine consumption: 111.8 ± 91.7 mg/day) participated in this investigation. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover fashion, participants consumed 6 mg·kg−1 caffeine or placebo solution at three time points: 2 h prior (2H), 1 h prior (1H), or 30 min prior (30M) to exercise testing. During three visits, caffeine was randomly administered at one time point, and placebo was administered at the other two time points. During one visit, placebo was administered at all three time points. Next, participants performed isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP), countermovement vertical jumps (CMVJ), and isometric/isokinetic knee extensor testing (ISO/ISOK).Results: Caffeine administered at 1H significantly improved absolute CMVJ and ISO performance relative to placebo. Mean CMVJ jump height was significantly higher during 1H compared to 30M. However, only caffeine administered at 30M significantly improved absolute measures of isokinetic performance. Analysis of the pooled caffeine conditions revealed that muscular performance was more consistently augmented by caffeine in males compared to females.Conclusions: Pre-exercise caffeine timing significantly modulated participant responses to the substance, with 1H exerting the most consistent ergogenic benefits relative to other time points, particularly compared to 2H. Male participants were found to respond more consistently to caffeine compared to female participants. These results suggest that active individuals can maximize the ergogenic effects of caffeine by consuming the substance ~1 h prior to the point when peak muscular performance is desired.

scholarly journals The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactococcus lactis Strain Plasma on Skin Microbiome and Skin Conditions in Healthy Subjects—A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Ryohei Tsuji ◽  
Kamiyu Yazawa ◽  
Takeshi Kokubo ◽  
Yuumi Nakamura ◽  
Osamu Kanauchi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Lactis Strain ◽  
Skin Conditions

(1) Background: Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma) is a unique strain which directly activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells, resulting in the prevention against broad spectrum of viral infection. Additionally, we found that LC-Plasma intake stimulated skin immunity and prevents Staphylococcus aureus epicutaneous infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LC-Plasma dietary supplementation on skin microbiome, gene expression in the skin, and skin conditions in healthy subjects. (2) Method: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted. Seventy healthy volunteers were enrolled and assigned into two groups receiving either placebo or LC-Plasma capsules (approximately 1 × 1011 cells/day) for 8 weeks. The skin microbiome was analyzed by NGS and qPCR. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR and skin conditions were diagnosed by dermatologists before and after intervention. (3) Result: LC-Plasma supplementation prevented the decrease of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus pasteuri and overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes. In addition, LC-Plasma supplementation suggested to increase the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes but not tight junction genes. Furthermore, the clinical scores of skin conditions were ameliorated by LC-Plasma supplementation. (4) Conclusions: Our findings provided the insights that the dietary supplementation of LC-Plasma might have stabilizing effects on seasonal change of skin microbiome and skin conditions in healthy subjects.

Methylphenidate reduces orienting bias in healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112199688
Author(s):  
Leehe Peled-Avron ◽  
Hagar Gelbard Goren ◽  
Noa Brande-Eilat ◽  
Shirel Dorman-Ilan ◽  
Aviv Segev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Asymmetric Effect ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Dopamine Signaling ◽  
First Time ◽  
Neural Effect

Background: Healthy individuals show subtle orienting bias, a phenomenon known as pseudoneglect, reflected in a tendency to direct greater attention toward one hemispace. Accumulating evidence indicates that this bias is an individual trait, and attention is preferentially directed contralaterally to the hemisphere with higher dopamine signaling. Administration of methylphenidate (MPH), a dopamine transporter inhibitor, was shown to normalize aberrant spatial attention bias in psychiatric and neurological patients, suggesting that the reduced orienting bias following administration of MPH reflects an asymmetric effect of the drug, increasing extracellular dopamine in the hemisphere with lower dopamine signaling. Aim: We predicted that, similarly to its effect on patients with brain pathology, MPH will reduce the orienting bias in healthy subjects. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we examined the behavioral effects of a single dose (20 mg) of MPH on orienting bias in 36 healthy subjects (18 females) in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, within-subject design, using the greyscales task, which has been shown to detect subtle attentional biases in both patients and healthy individuals. Results/outcomes: Results demonstrate that healthy individuals vary in both direction and magnitude of spatial orienting bias and show reduced magnitude of orienting bias following MPH administration, regardless of the initial direction of asymmetry. Conclusions/interpretations: Our findings reveal, for the first time in healthy subjects, that MPH decreases spatial orienting bias in an asymmetric manner. Given the well-documented association between orienting bias and asymmetric dopamine signaling, these findings also suggest that MPH might exert a possible asymmetric neural effect in the healthy brain.

scholarly journals Impact of Glucosamine Supplementation on Gut Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Moon ◽  
Peter Finnegan ◽  
Richard A. Stecker ◽  
Hanna Lee ◽  
Kayla M. Ratliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Crossover Fashion ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Impact

Glucosamine (GLU) is a natural compound found in cartilage, and supplementation with glucosamine has been shown to improve joint heath and has been linked to reduced mortality rates. GLU is poorly absorbed and may exhibit functional properties in the gut. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of glucosamine on gastrointestinal function as well as changes in fecal microbiota and metabolome. Healthy males (n = 6) and females (n = 5) (33.4 ± 7.7 years, 174.1 ± 12.0 cm, 76.5 ± 12.9 kg, 25.2 ± 3.1 kg/m2, n = 11) completed two supplementation protocols that each spanned three weeks separated by a washout period that lasted two weeks. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover fashion, participants ingested a daily dose of GLU hydrochloride (3000 mg GlucosaGreen®, TSI Group Ltd., USA) or maltodextrin placebo. Study participants completed bowel habit and gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaires in addition to providing a stool sample that was analyzed for fecal microbiota and metabolome at baseline and after the completion of each supplementation period. GLU significantly reduced stomach bloating and showed a trend towards reducing constipation and hard stools. Phylogenetic diversity (Faith’s PD) and proportions of Pseudomonadaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Bacillaceae were significantly reduced following GLU consumption. GLU supplementation significantly reduced individual, total branched-chain, and total amino acid excretion, with no glucosamine being detected in any of the fecal samples. GLU had no effect on fecal short-chain fatty acids levels. GLU supplementation provided functional gut health benefits and induced fecal microbiota and metabolome changes.

scholarly journals Urinary Excretion of Phenolic Acids by Infants and Children: A Randomised Double-Blind Clinical Assay

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. CMPed.S9349
Author(s):  
J. Uberos ◽  
V. Fernéndez-Puentes ◽  
M. Molina-Oya ◽  
R. Rodrïguez-Belmonte ◽  
A. Ruïz-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Clinical Assay ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

Objectives The present study, which is part of the ISRCTN16968287 clinical assay, is aimed at determining the effects of cranberry syrup or trimethoprim treatment for UTI. Methods This Phase III randomised clinical trial was conducted at the San Cecilio Clinical Hospital (Granada, Spain) with a study population of 192 patients, aged between 1 month and 13 years. Criteria for inclusion were a background of recurrent UTI, associated or otherwise with vesico-ureteral reflux of any degree, or renal pelvic dilatation associated with urinary infection. Each child was randomly given 0.2 mL/Kg/day of either cranberry syrup or trimethoprim (8 mg/mL). The primary and secondary objectives, respectively, were to determine the risk of UTI and the levels of phenolic acids in urine associated with each intervention. Results With respect to UTI, the cranberry treatment was non-inferior to trimethoprim. Increased urinary excretion of ferulic acid was associated with a greater risk of UTI developing in infants aged under 1 year (RR 1.06; CI 95% 1.024–1.1; P = 0.001). Conclusions The results obtained show the excretion of ferulic acid is higher in infants aged under 1 year, giving rise to an increased risk of UTI, for both treatment options.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document