Allergic Rhinitis

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
Frank S. Virant
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Allergic Patient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Primary Focus

Epidemiology Allergic rhinitis affects as many as 8% to 10% of children in the United States. Many of these children suffer significant morbidity, leading to millions of lost school days annually. Morbidity is amplified when these children concurrently suffer from complications of allergic rhinitis, such as recurrent otitis media or chronic sinus disease. Typically, children who have allergic rhinitis have a family history of atopic disorders. Upper airway allergy may become manifest at any age, but the appearance of symptoms is most common during childhood or young adulthood. Clinical signs of rhinitis may be perennial, seasonal, or episodic, and the primary focus of complaints may relate to secondary problems, including ear, sinus, or lung disease. Pathophysiology In the allergic patient, disease is mediated by the production of antigenspecific IgE by the patient's B lymphocytes. Current research suggests that the primary defect may be the excessive production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) or a deficient level of gamma interferon (γ-INF) when a T-cell is presented with an antigen. This constellation of immunomodulators directs the B-cell to produce IgE rather than the IgG response of the non-allergic patient. Clinical disease occurs when an allergen reacts with antigen-specific IgE on the patient's nasal mast cells. When these factors combine, the mast cell is activated to release a variety of preformed and newly produced mediators, including histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins (Fig 1).

scholarly journals Recent advances in allergic rhinitis

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia C. L. Hoyte ◽  
Harold S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽  
Nasal Allergy

Allergic rhinitis affects 20 to 30% of adults in both the United States and Europe and perhaps a somewhat higher percentage of children. In addition to nasal and ocular symptoms directly related to the allergic process, interference of these symptoms with sleep leads to daytime sleepiness and impaired quality of life. Patients miss work because of symptoms but an even greater problem is interference with work productivity, or presenteeism, which has been reported to be the biggest contributor to the total economic cost of allergic rhinitis. There has been increasing awareness that many patients with either seasonal or perennial symptoms but negative skin and in vitro tests for allergen sensitivity have local nasal allergy, diagnosable by the presence of allergen-specific IgE in their nasal secretions or a positive nasal allergen challenge or both. The pharmaceutical management of allergic rhinitis rests on symptomatic treatment with antihistamines that perhaps are more effectively administered intranasally than orally and intranasal corticosteroids. Allergen immunotherapy is very effective, even for local allergic rhinitis, and the shortcomings of subcutaneous immunotherapy of inconvenience and safety are reduced by the introduction of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Use of the latter is currently somewhat limited by the lack of appropriate dosing information for SLIT liquids and the limited number of allergens for which SLIT tablets are available.

Allergic Rhinitis: Manifestations and Response to Treatment

1995 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. P93-P93
Author(s):  
Robert M. Naclerio ◽  
Fuad M. Baroody
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Allergic Patient ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Educational Objectives ◽  
New Treatments

Educational objectives: To understand the contribution of allergic inflammation of the upper airway to diseases of the ears, paranasal sinuses, and lungs; to understand available and new treatments for allergic rhinitis, with their side effects and costs; and to formulate a comprehensive approach to the management of the allergic patient.

scholarly journals KAITAN IgE SPESIFIK METODE IMUNOBLOT TERHADAP ELISA PADA RINITIS ALERGI (Association Between Specific IgE Immunoblot Method with ELISA on Allergic Rhinitis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Aryati Aryati ◽  
Dwi Retno Pawarti ◽  
Izzuki Muhashonah ◽  
Janti Tri Habsari
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Inhalant Allergen ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Prick Test

Allergic rhinitis is an allergic disease that is most often found beside bronchial asthma and eczema with the prevalence of is about33.3%, 9.8% and 11.2% respectively. The main examinations of allergic rhinitis are Skin Prick Test (SPT) and specific IgE, becausethe sensitivity and specificity of specific IgE examination depend on the examination method. To know the diagnostic value of specificIgE immunoblot examination by determination and were compared with ELISA in patients with allergic rhinitis. The cross-sectionaldesign of the study is con-ducted on patients at the Outpatient Clinic Department of ENT-Head and Neck from May until October 2014.Patients were grouped as diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and non-allergic non-infectious rhinitis based on clinical signs and symptoms,physical examina-tion, positive in SPT examination with or without an increase in total serum IgE and/or blood eosinophils. SpecificIgE immunoblot was conducted by using Foresight®, Acon Laboratories and the ELISA method using Allercoat™. The sensitivity andspecificity of inhalant allergen -specific IgE immunoblot Foresight® method was 73.9% and 42.9%, respectively. The sensitivity andspecificity of inhalant allergen -specific IgE ELISA method was 67.4% and 57.1%, respectively. The results of these two methods havea correlation coefficient 0.531 with p=0.000. The sensitivity and specificity of ingestan allergen specific IgE immunoblot Foresight®method was 41.3% and 85.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ingestan allergen specific IgE ELISA method was 17.4 and78.6%, res-pectively. Results of these two methods have a correlation coefficient 0.375 with p=0.003. Based on this study of specificIgE immunoblot and ELISA methods, both have diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, which are almost the same. The sensitivity ofimmunoblot method inhalant allergens are superior to ELISA. The Immunoblot method ingestan allergen specificity is superior toELISA.

Antidepressant Drug, Desipramine, Alleviates Allergic Rhinitis by Regulating Treg and Th 17 Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
H. Zhen ◽  
W. Yao ◽  
F. Bian ◽  
X. Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressant ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
Ifn Γ

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity and usually progresses to chronic nasal inflammation, with depression as one of its comorbidities. The importance of treating the depression in AR patients has been increasingly recognized. Desipramine is a representative of tricyclic-antidepressant agents. In the present study we investigate whether desipramine has therapeutic effects on AR inflammation. BALB/C mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA), followed by repeated challenge with OVA intranasally. Desipramine was administered orally to treat the mice. The nasal symptoms (sneezing, nasal scratching etc.) of AR were evaluated to determine the severity of AR. Cytokines in the nasal lavage fluid (NALF), including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody were measured by ELISA. The regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper cells 17 (Th17) were quantified by flow cytometric analysis. As a result, the repeated oral administration of desipramine attenuated the nasal symptoms (sneezing and nasal rubbing) in AR mice. Desipramine also suppressed the serum OVA-specific IgE and IL-4 levels, but had no effect on IFN-γ level. Moreover, desipramine treatment up regulated CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells, which were found down-regulated in established AR mice. Meanwhile, desipramine administration attenuated CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells, which were significantly increased in AR mice. These results suggest that the antidepressant drug, desipramine, also has anti-allergic action, which was possibly achieved by reducing allergen-specific IgE and Th2 cytokine production and maintaining a balance between Treg and Th17 cells. Thus, this study provide the first evidence that desipramine may be utilized to treat allergic diseases, especially for those allergic patients with depression or depression patients with allergy.

KAITAN IgE SPESIFIK METODE IMUNOBLOT TERHADAP ELISA PADA RINITIS ALERGI

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Aryati Aryati ◽  
Dwi Retno Pawarti ◽  
Izzuki Muhashonah ◽  
Janti Tri Habsari
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Inhalant Allergen ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prick Test

Allergic rhinitis is an allergic disease that is most often found beside bronchial asthma and eczema with the prevalence of is about 33.3%, 9.8% and 11.2% respectively. The main examinations of allergic rhinitis are Skin Prick Test (SPT) and specific IgE, becausethe sensitivity and specificity of specific IgE examination depend on the examination method. To know the diagnostic value of specific IgE immunoblot examination by determination and were compared with ELISA in patients with allergic rhinitis. The cross-sectional design of the study is con-ducted on patients at the Outpatient Clinic Department of ENT-Head and Neck from May until October 2014. Patients were grouped as diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and non-allergic non-infectious rhinitis based on clinical signs and symptoms, physical examina-tion, positive in SPT examination with or without an increase in total serum IgE and/or blood eosinophils. Specific IgE immunoblot was conducted by using Foresight®, Acon Laboratories and the ELISA method using Allercoat™. The sensitivity and specificity of inhalant allergen -specific IgE immunoblot Foresight® method was 73.9% and 42.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of inhalant allergen -specific IgE ELISA method was 67.4% and 57.1%, respectively. The results of these two methods have a correlation coefficient 0.531 with p=0.000. The sensitivity and specificity of ingestan allergen specific IgE immunoblot Foresight® method was 41.3% and 85.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ingestan allergen specific IgE ELISA method was 17.4 and 78.6%, res-pectively. Results of these two methods have a correlation coefficient 0.375 with p=0.003. Based on this study of specific IgE immunoblot and ELISA methods, both have diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, which are almost the same. The sensitivity of immunoblot method inhalant allergens are superior to ELISA. The Immunoblot method ingestan allergen specificity is superior to ELISA.

scholarly journals Changes in cellular and humoral regulation of immunity in patients with bronchial asthma under treatment with interferon inductor tiloron

2008 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
G. N. Shemetova ◽  
V. M. Koblov ◽  
N. B. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Interferon Inductor

Changes in serum concentrations of interferon-γ (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), immunoglobulin Е (IgE), С-reactive protein and in clinical status of patients with virus-induced exacerbation of bronchial asthma were studied before and after treatment with basic medications and interferon inductor tiloron. A positive influence of Tiloron on clinical signs and immunologic parameters, such as IL-4, TNF-α, INF-γ, IgE, and С-reactive protein, was found in 95 % of patients with moderate asthma. Thus, serum concentrations of these biomarkers in asthma patients could be used as an index of inflammatory response reflecting severity of the pathology and as an important criterion to choose the individual treatment.

Markets, Technological Change and Economic Growth (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 327-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Lipsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Short Time

I am honoured to be invited to give this lecture before so distinguished an audience of development economists. For the last 21/2 years I have been director of a project financed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and composed of a group of scholars from Canada, the United States, and Israel.I Our brief is to study the determinants of long term economic growth. Although our primary focus is on advanced industrial countries such as my own, some of us have come to the conclusion that there is more common ground between developed and developing countries than we might have first thought. I am, however, no expert on development economics so I must let you decide how much of what I say is applicable to economies such as your own. Today, I will discuss some of the grand themes that have arisen in my studies with our group. In the short time available, I can only allude to how these themes are rooted in our more detailed studies. In doing this, I must hasten to add that I speak for myself alone; our group has no corporate view other than the sum of our individual, and very individualistic, views.

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