Foot and Leg Problems

Metatarsus Adductus Forefoot adduction, a common deformity in infants, can present a spectrum of severity. Unfortunately, the terminology used in the literature is confusing. Congenital metatarsus adductus is an intrauterine postural deformity of the forefoot. Congenital metatarsus varus is an intrauterine subluxation of the tarsometatarsal joint, with adduction of the metatarsals. The distinction is important because metatarsus adductus usually corrects spontaneously, whereas metatarsus varus will progress without active intervention. INCIDENCE AND ETIOLOGY Metatarsus varus occurs in about 1 per 1000 live births. There is no definable inheritance pattern. The risk of a second occurrence within a family is about 1 in 20. Pathogenesis has been studied by dissecting the feet of stillborn infants. This supports the concept of medial subluxation of the tarsometatarsal joints occurring while the foot is dorsiflexed. Adaptive changes of the bone and soft tissues occur secondarily. The incidence of congenital metatarsus adductus is unknown but is far more frequent than 1 per 1000 live births. The etiology is presumed to be a "packaging problem," with the forefoot compressed into adduction. Greater utilization and expertise with fetal ultrasound will help resolve these issues. DIAGNOSIS In congenital metatarsus adductus, the forefoot easily can be corrected passively to line up parallel to the heel and frequently can be overcorrected into abduction.

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Hereditary Congenital Unilateral Deafness: A New Disorder?

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348940511400414 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 332-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Frederik G. Dikkers ◽

Joke B. G. M. Verheij ◽

Monique van Mechelen

Keyword(s):

Medical Literature ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Rare Disorder ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Inheritance Pattern ◽

Male And Female ◽

Unilateral Deafness ◽

Live Births ◽

The Family

Congenital unilateral deafness is a rare disorder. The prevalence rates are unknown. The prevalence of children with severe to profound hearing losses that are congenital (or acquired before the development of speech and language) is 0.5 to 3 per 1,000 live births. Evidently, congenital unilateral deafness must have a lower prevalence. The purpose of this research was to present a new disorder, hereditary congenital unilateral deafness. A pedigree is presented in which both male and female members display symptoms of congenital unilateral deafness. Two affected persons and a normal-hearing member of the family have vestibular abnormalities without dysequilibrium. The inheritance pattern of this new syndrome is not clear. We hypothesize that the disorder might be new. A family like this has never before been presented in the medical literature.

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RUBINSTEIN TAYBI SYNDROME

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.07.1656 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (07) ◽

pp. 883-886

Author(s):

Firdous Khan ◽

Tahseen Ahmed Cheema ◽

Muhammad Tahir

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Chromosomal Anomalies ◽

Inheritance Pattern ◽

Live Births ◽

First Case ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Broad Thumbs

Rubinstein Taybi Syndrome (RTS) was first described in 1963 by Rubinsteinand Taybi. The characteristic features of this syndrome include broad thumbs and toes,facial abnormalities like hypertelorism, beaked nose, micrognathia, microcephaly and mentalretardation. Cardiac, renal, ophthalmological and various orthopedic problems can also occur.Prevalence in the general population is approximately 1 case per 300,000 persons and is as highas 1 case per 10,000 live births. There is no definite inheritance pattern so far and recurrenceis very unlikely. In some patients, multiple chromosomal anomalies have been described. Wereport here a case of Rubinstein Taybi syndrome in an 18 months old girl presented with typicalfeatures which is the first case reported in our population.

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Thoracic Ectopia Cordis

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v37i3.18662 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 293-295

Author(s):

Dipak Muktan ◽

Rupa R Singh ◽

Nisha Keshary Bhatta

Keyword(s):

Anterior Chest Wall ◽

Anterior Wall ◽

Personal History ◽

Thoracic Cavity ◽

Lower Segment ◽

Fetal Ultrasound ◽

Ectopia Cordis ◽

Large Defect ◽

Live Births ◽

Lower Segment Caesarean Section

Ectopia Cordis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by partial or complete displacement of the heart outside the thoracic cavity with an estimated incidence of 5 to 8 per million live births We report a case of a 22-year-old primigravida, unbooked and immunized woman, with no relevant family or personal history, in which the prenatal fetal ultrasound, performed at 34 weeks of gestation, revealed a defect of the anterior chest wall with exteriorization of the heart. Baby was Pre-term 34 week by date but term by modified Ballard scoring, male weighing 2.4 kg delivered by lower segment caesarean section. Baby had complete thoracic ectopia cordis with large defect in anterior wall of chest and sternum was absent.

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Rapid Critical Point Drying of Tissues in a Parr Bomb

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100095261 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 400-401

Author(s):

C.A. Baechler ◽

W. C. Pitchford ◽

J. M. Riddle ◽

C.B. Boyd ◽

H. Kanagawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Point ◽

Critical Pressure ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Critical Temperatures ◽

Air Drying ◽

The Past ◽

Critical Point Drying ◽

Great Stress ◽

Infiltration Techniques

Preservation of the topographic ultrastructure of soft biological tissues for examination by scanning electron microscopy has been accomplished in the past by using lengthy epoxy infiltration techniques, or dehydration in ethanol or acetone followed by air drying. Since the former technique requires several days of preparation and the latter technique subjects the tissues to great stress during the phase change encountered during air-drying, an alternate rapid, economical, and reliable method of surface structure preservation was developed. Turnbill and Philpott had used a fluorocarbon for the critical point drying of soft tissues and indicated the advantages of working with fluids having both moderately low critical pressures as well as low critical temperatures. Freon-116 (duPont) which has a critical temperature of 19. 7 C and a critical pressure of 432 psi was used in this study.

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SEM analysis of fish scale cross sections: A technique study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124124 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 744-745

Author(s):

M.E. Lee ◽

A. Moller ◽

P.S.O. Fouche ◽

I.G Gaigher

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Close Association ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Fish Scale ◽

Fish Scales ◽

Micro Structures ◽

Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy of fish scales has facilitated the application of micro-structures to systematics. Electron microscopy studies have added more information on the structure of the scale and the associated cells, many problems still remain unsolved, because of our incomplete knowledge of the process of calcification. One of the main purposes of these studies has been to study the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of both calcified and decalcified scales, and associated cells, and to obtain more information on the mechanism of calcification in the scales. The study of a calcified scale with the electron microscope is complicated by the difficulty in sectioning this material because of the close association of very hard tissue with very soft tissues. Sections often shatter and blemishes are difficult to avoid. Therefore the aim of this study is firstly to develop techniques for the preparation of cross sections of fish scales for scanning electron microscopy and secondly the application of these techniques for the determination of the structures and calcification of fish scales.

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Biological and biomedical applications of collagenous biomaterials

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100161849 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 856-857

Author(s):

Yasushi P. Kato ◽

Michael G. Dunn ◽

Frederick H. Silver ◽

Arthur J. Wasserman

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Collagen Fibers ◽

Bone Collagen ◽

Cover Slip ◽

Fibroblast Migration ◽

Cellular Expression ◽

Defect Repair

Collagenous biomaterials have been used for growing cells in vitro as well as for augmentation and replacement of hard and soft tissues. The substratum used for culturing cells is implicated in the modulation of phenotypic cellular expression, cellular orientation and adhesion. Collagen may have a strong influence on these cellular parameters when used as a substrate in vitro. Clinically, collagen has many applications to wound healing including, skin and bone substitution, tendon, ligament, and nerve replacement. In this report we demonstrate two uses of collagen. First as a fiber to support fibroblast growth in vitro, and second as a demineralized bone/collagen sponge for radial bone defect repair in vivo.For the in vitro study, collagen fibers were prepared as described previously. Primary rat tendon fibroblasts (1° RTF) were isolated and cultured for 5 days on 1 X 15 mm sterile cover slips. Six to seven collagen fibers, were glued parallel to each other onto a circular cover slip (D=18mm) and the 1 X 15mm cover slip populated with 1° RTF was placed at the center perpendicular to the collagen fibers. Fibroblast migration from the 1 x 15mm cover slip onto and along the collagen fibers was measured daily using a phase contrast microscope (Olympus CK-2) with a calibrated eyepiece. Migratory rates for fibroblasts were determined from 36 fibers over 4 days.

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