scholarly journals Influence of cadmium loading on the state of the antioxidant system in the organism of bulls

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
S. D. Mursjka ◽  
D. F. Hufrij ◽  
I. I. Hariv ◽  
N. D. Levkivska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Young Cattle

This article presents the results of research on the influence of cadmium loading on the state level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant links of the antioxidant defense system of the organisms of young cattle, such as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels, selenium, vitamins A and E. It was found that feeding bull calves with cadmium chloride at doses of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight helped to reduce both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic link of antioxidant protection (superoxide dismutase 31%, catalase 13%, glutathione peroxidase 23%, reduced glutathione 10%, vitamin A 28%, vitamin E 31%, selenium 20%). Toxic effects of cadmium promotes change in steady-state concentrations of radical metabolites О2–,ОН˙, НО2˙, which, in turn, trigger the process of lipid peroxidation. The lowest level of indicators of antioxidant defense system in the blood of young cattle was registered on the sixteenth and twenty-fourth days of the experiment, which is associated with increased activation of lipid peroxidation and the disturbaance of the balance between the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation intensity. The activity of the antioxidant defense system in the blood was different for calves fed with cadmium chloride at doses of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg of animal mass. The more cadmium chloride in the feed, the lower the activity of the antioxidant defense system of the calves’ organisms was registered. Thus cadmium chloride depresses the antioxidant defense system, which specifically involves lowering the activity of enzymatic links (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic links (reduced glutathione, selenium, vitamins A and E).

scholarly journals Influence of cadmium loading on glutathione system of antioxidant protection of the bullocks’bodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (92) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
D. F. Gufriy ◽  
V. Y. Binkevych ◽  
R. O. Vasiv ◽  
N. V. Demus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

It was presented the results of studies of the cadmium effect loading on the activity of the glutathione system of antioxidant protection in young cattle, namely on the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the level of reduced glutathion. It was established that feeding of cadmium chloride to bullocks at a dose of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg body weight contributed to a decrease in both the enzyme and non-enzyme link of the glutathione antioxidant defense system. The toxic effect of cadmium contributes to a change in stationary concentrations of radical metabolites. О2˙ˉ, ˙ОН, НО2˙, which, in turn, initiate lipid peroxidation processes. The lowest level of glutathione indexes of the antioxidant defense system in the blood of young cattle was established on the sixteenth and twenty fourth day of the experiment, it was associated with enhanced activation of lipoperoxidation and an imbalance between the activity of the antioxidant system and the intensity of lipid peroxidation. The feeding of cadmium chloride to bullocks at a dose of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg of animal weight did not affect the activity of the glutathione antioxidant defense system in their blood. It was established that the greater the amount of cadmium chloride in the feed, the lower the activity of the glutathione system of the antioxidant defense of the body of bulls. Thus, cadmium chloride suppresses the antioxidant protection system, in particular, by reducing the activity of the enzyme link: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and non-enzyme link: reduced glutathione.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF «METISEVIT» ON THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYME AND NONENZYME LINK OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION UNDER THE BULL’S BODY CADMIUM LOADING

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(66)) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
B.V. Gutyj ◽  
Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
V. Binkevych ◽  
O. Binkevych ◽  
О. Paladischuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Young Cattle

The article contains the research results of the effect of cadmium chloride on the indexes of enzyme and nonenzyme systems of  antioxidant defense system in young cattle, such as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels of vitamins A and E. It is established that feeding calves at a dose of toxicant 0.04 mg / kg activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels of vitamins A and E in the blood of experimental animals decreased throughout the experiment. The lowest indicators of antioxidant in the blood of young cattle is set on the twenty -fourth day of the experiment, which is associated with increased activation of lipid peroxidation and the balance between antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation intensity. Given the cadmium load of young cattle it is used a new integrated drug with antioxidant action «Metisevit», which includes metifen, sodium selenite and vitamin E wich is founded as stimulating effects on the activity of antioxidant protection. In particular,it is established probable increase in activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels, vitamin A and vitamin E in the blood of young cattle, which has performed cadmium stress. These changes occur through comprehensive action components of the drug «Metisevit» that leads to the normalization of metabolic processes and free radical in the body of the bull. The results of the research indicate antioxidant drug «Metisevit» in the application of its young cattle and the validity of his administration to improve the body's antioxidant status of chronic cadmium toxicosis.

scholarly journals Characteristics of lipid peroxidation processes and factors of the antioxidant defense system in chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
V. V. Tsukanov ◽  
A. A. Sinyakov ◽  
O. L. Moskalenko ◽  
N. G. Elmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase

Background. The problem of gastric cancer remains unresolved throughout the world, while chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) increases the likelihood of its development by 15 times. In the Russian Federation, the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is among the highest, with it prevailing among males. One of the leading mechanisms in molecular pathology of membranes is lipid peroxidation (LPO). The severity of oxidative membrane damage depends on concomitant diseases, contributing to emergence and progression of pathological processes and development of cancer. Currently, the problem of LPO is unsolved in biological systems.The aim of this study was to investigate the state of LPO and antioxidant defense system in CAG and GC. Materials and methods. The parameters were studied in 45 patients with CAG and 50 patients with GC. The control group included 50 practically healthy volunteers without gastrointestinal complaints, who did not have changes in the gastric mucosa according to the fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS) findings.Results. In patients with CAG, an increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase was found in the blood plasma compared with the control group. In patients with CAG, lipid peroxidation was activated, and the malondialdehyde level increased by 3.5 times relative to normal values. At the same time, the body fought against oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. All patients with GC showed pronounced oxidative stress in the blood plasma in the form of a 45-fold increase in malondialdehyde. The activity of the main antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was reduced in GC. Catalase was activated, which indicated pronounced oxidative stress, significant damage to blood vessels, and massive cell death. Glutathione-related enzymes (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase) and the antioxidant protein ceruloplasmin were activated, which also indicated significant oxidative stress and severe intoxication in patients with GC.Conclusion. Depending on the stage and type of cancer, an in-depth study of lipid peroxidation and factors of the antioxidant defense system can be used to correct therapy and prevent cancer and can serve as markers of progression and prognosis in gastric cancer. 

scholarly journals Antioxidant status of piglets under nitrate-nitrite load and the action of corrective factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
K. Y. Leskiv ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
D. F. Gufriy ◽  
V. I. Khalak ◽  
O. G. Demchuk
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Peroxidation Processes

The article presents the results of research on the state of the antioxidant defense system of piglets under nitrate-nitrite toxicosis and the action of corrective factors (methionine, phenarone and methyphene). Nitrate-nitrite load in piglets caused inhibition of the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense system, that indicates a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the serum of testing animals. The lowest activity of antioxidant enzymes under chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis was on the 60th day of the experiment in the serum of piglets of the control group, where accordingly the activity of superoxide dismutase decreased by 14 %, catalase activity – by 18 %, glutathione peroxidase activity – by 12 %. Lipid peroxidation processes are activated in the blood of animals, namely the level of lipid hydroperoxides and diene conjugates increases under the conditions of experimental nitrate-nitrite load. It should be noted that the highest level of lipid peroxidation products in the serum of piglets with chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis was on the 60 th day of the testing, and accordingly the content of lipid hydroperoxides increased by 67 % and diene conjugates – by 33 %. Administration of methionine, phenarone and methyphene under nitrate load contributed to the activation of the antioxidant defense system compared to animals in the control group. The use of antioxidant drugs in sick piglets also contributed to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, as indicated by a decrease in the content of lipid hydroperoxides and diene conjugates in the serum of experimental group. More pronounced antioxidant effect was shown by administrating methyphene. The mechanism of action of phenarone and methyphene is associated with the direct effect of its components on the inhibition of the absorption of metabolites that have a toxic effect on cell membranes of animals. As a result of the adsorbing action of zeolite, which is part of the drugs, in the digestive tract there is a decrease in the concentration of substances that can be substrates for lipid peroxidation, as well as removal of toxic metabolites in the blood, which are prooxidants. This process occurs by osmosis and diffusion of these substances through the capillaries of the microvilli of the small intestine and their subsequent fixation on the sorbent granules.

scholarly journals Вплив хлориду кадмію на стан антиоксидантної системи у печінці щурів

2013 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Б. В. Гутий
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Cadmium Chloride

Розкрито особливості антиоксидантної системиорганізму щурів за хронічного кадмієвого токсикозу.Встановлено, що хлорид кадмію у токсичній дозісприяє зниженню активності ферментної й нефер-ментної системи антиоксидантного захисту, на щовказує зниження ферментів глутатіонпероксидази,глутатіонредуктази, супероксиддисмутази, катала-зи та відновленого глутатіону у печінці щурів. Ре-зультати досліджень вказують на те, що хронічнийкадмієвий токсикоз призводить до посиленої акти-вації процесів ліпопероксидації. The features of the antioxidant system of rats with chronic cadmium toxicosiare disclosed. It wasresearched that cadmium chloride in toxic doses reduces enzyme activity of antioxidant system, asindicated by the decrease in enzyme glutathione peroxidase, hlutationreduktazy, superoxide dismutase,catalase and restored glutathione in the liver and blood of rats. The results indicate that chroniccadmium toxicosis leads to enhanced activation of lipid peroxidation.

Effect of Plasmodium and Salmonella co-infection in a murine model

Open Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Shukla ◽  
Divya Singh ◽  
Lalita Sharma ◽  
Ashwani Koul ◽  
Praveen Rishi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Plasmodium and Salmonella co-infection in LACA mice. The parasitaemic level, bacterial load, histological alterations and levels of oxidants/antioxidant activity were measured. Co-infected mice had a high parasitaemic level, increased bacterial load, and died earlier than Plasmodium-infected mice. Histologically, co-infected mice had more architectural damage in the liver, spleen, kidney, and brain than the control groups. The level of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased and the activities of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were decreased in all organs of co-infected mice compared to the control groups, indicating depression of the antioxidant defense system. The present study demonstrates more severe histological and biochemical alterations in co-infected mice, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis for selection of appropriate treatments and reducing the likelihood of further complications.

scholarly journals БІОЛОГІЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ОРГАНІЗМУ ТВАРИН

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(66)) ◽  
pp. 100-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
I.S. Varkholyak ◽  
T.V. Martyschuk ◽  
Z.А. Guta ◽  
L.B. Ivankiv
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Hormone Synthesis

In the review of  the literature it was generalized the data due to the classification and characterization of antioxidant protection system of animals body. This model combines a number of different by its nature substances. Each of the components of the antioxidant system operates in close relationship with its other structural elements, harmoniously, and in many cases complements and in many cases - enhances the action of each other. Glutathione system forms functional basis of antioxidant defense system, constituent elements of which has its own glutathione and enzymes, which catalyze the reaction of its reverse transformation (oxidation ↔ recovery). Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are attributed to these enzymes.Most researchers conventionally distributed antioxidant defense system in enzyme and non-enzyme. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and other enzymes are included to enzymatic link of antioxidant defense system. Fat-soluble vitamins A, E and K, water-soluble vitamins C and PP, biogenic amines, glutathione, carotenoids, ubiquinone, sterols are included to  non-enzyme system. As the enzyme, as non-enzyme antioxidant defense system is present in the bloodstream. The activity of enzymatic antioxidant system is well regulated and depends on the age of the animals, physiological condition, the dynamics of hormone, synthesis intensity of antioxidant enzyme, pH  medium, the presence of coenzymes, inhibitors, activators, and other factors. Non-enzyme link of antioxidant system does not need so many regulators as the most chemical substance - antioxidant - enters into chemical reaction with the radical. The rate of reaction may be only changed.

Oophorectomy hinders antioxidant adaptation promoted by swimming in Wistar rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulisvaldo Brunno de Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Rand Randall Martins ◽  
Francisco Paulo Freire Neto ◽  
Yonara Monique da Costa Oliveira ◽  
Aldo da Cunha Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
The Brain

Oxidative stress is associated with postmenopause and is also responsible for various metabolic alterations. The redox imbalance observed during ovarian decline can be induced experimentally by bilateral ovariectomy in rats. In addition to hormone replacement, regular moderate physical exercise is indicated to prevent several common postmenopausal diseases. This study aimed to assess the effect of daily swimming on the antioxidant defense system of oophorectomized Wistar rats. Control and oophorectomized groups were submitted to 1 h of daily swimming for 90 days. Levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathione content and the activities of superoxide dismutase enzyme and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes, liver, and brain were assessed every 30 days. The control group exhibited lower lipoperoxidation that was associated with a significant increase in superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and glutathione content in erythrocytes and liver; however, swimming did not cause changes in antioxidant parameters in the brain over time. The oophorectomized group showed no antioxidant adaptation to daily swimming and had greater oxidative damage in the liver and blood. Our results suggest that ovariectomy hinders antioxidant adaptation in Wistar rats submitted to daily swimming.

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