scholarly journals Specificity of genetic nature and classification characteristics of Zmiiny Island chernozem soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Yaroslav M. Bilanchyn ◽  
Irуna V. Leonidova ◽  
Darya V. Bulysheva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Abstract Group ◽  
Genetic Nature ◽  
Chernozem Soils

Even the first researchers of the nature of the small (20.5 hectares) rocky Zmiiny Island in the northwestern Black Sea region visually diagnosed the soil there with black earth. Since 2003, the staff of the Department of Soil Science and Soil Geography of the Odessa National University named by I.U.Mechnikov ONU began the study of factors and processes of soil formation, soils and soil cover of Zmiiny Island territory. It was found out that on the inter-rocky areas of the island un- der the steppe grassy vegetation on the gravelly-stony eluvium or eluvium-deluvium of dense rocks formed unusually high humus (up to 14-18%) undeveloped and short-profile chernozem soils. However, the diagnostic and classification of these soils remains unclear. The purpose is to characterize the specificity of the genetic nature of the island soils and to determine their diagnostic and classification affiliation, including the World Reference Base for Soil Resources WRB.The materials presented in this article are obtained as a result of our extensive fieldwork and laboratory analysis, research and mapping of soils and soil cover of Zmiiny Island with the application of methodological principles of the process-genetic paradigm.Chernozem soils on the island are formed on a low-strength (25-40, up to 50 cm) rocky-gravelly crust of weathering of dense acidic rocks under the cover of almost virgin steppe herbaceous vegetation and year-round salting from the sea, mainly chlorides and Na sulfates. The soils are short-profile, typical chernozem humus-accumulative type with typical for the chernozem profile genetic horizons, gravel-stony, non-carbonate, almost non-structural, acidic, varyingly saline and solonetinous, but without solonets-ileuvial profile differentiation. The humus content in the upper horizons is very high (10-12, up to 15-18%), it is typical of the chernozem composition of the Chumic acid : Сfulvic acid (2,5-3,3), but with a sharp dominance of the HA-1 fraction (70% and more) and very low content (1-2, up to 3-4%) or lack of typical chernozem HA-2fraction. It is established that there is a tendency to an irreversible constant increase of the chernozem properties and characteristics in soils as the bioproductivity of herbal vegetation increases.For the first time their diagnostic and classification dependence on the system of both domestic and World WRB soil classifications has been determined. The WRB system proposes to refer these soils to the Phaeozem abstract group, with clarification of the classifiers Leptic and Skeletic. The work is practically significant in terms of the integration the Ukrainian soil science in the system of the current international standard of soil classification WRB.

DYNAMICS OF HUMUS RESERVES AND FORECAST OF CARBON-INVESTING POTENTIAL OF ZONAL SOILS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Liliya Gaffarova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soil Formation Factors ◽  
Zonal Soils

The article analyzes the results of statistical processing of morphometric and agrochemical indicators of zonal soils of the Republic of Tatarstan based on the accumulated information of large-scale soil studies. The boundaries of genetic horizons are examined, the content of humus and its reserves within the limits of heavy loamy and clay varieties of arable soil subtypes is estimated. Arithmetic averages allow us to generalize the humus content in soils. So, in the series of sod-podzolic soils – light gray forest-gray forest – dark gray forest-podzolic chernozems – leached chernozems-typical soils in a layer of 0-30 cm on average contains 2,20; 2,58; 3,76; 4,76; 6,8; 7,6; 7,2 % humus. The observed patterns of humus accumulation in soils are also preserved in the distribution of its reserves – 85; 97; 140; 162; 233; 257; 240 tons per he-1. It is proposed to characterize the general population along the boundaries of typical values that fit into the 50% confidence interval to assess the overall range of spatial variability of humus indicators. The upper limit of the typicity will correspond to the greatest accumulation of humus with a combination of local features of soil formation factors and can serve as a guide for predicting carbon sequestration in the soils of this region. Accordingly, the carbon-sequestering potential of sod-podzolic soil and typical chernozem is-20 tons per he-1, light gray forest soil-22 tons per he-1, gray forest soil and leached chernozem-27 tons per he-1, the highest values in dark gray forest soil are more than 30 tons per he-1

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE ECOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SOIL COVER OF THE CENTRAL PART OF THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA COAST

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
V. Stetsyuk ◽  
E. Veselova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
First Time

The questions of possibilities of ecological and geomorphological study of the soil formation, using and transformation of soil cover northern Black Sea region in the context of theoretical ideas general geomorphology are shown. The significant role of the relief as a factor of soil formation and as a factor, that leads to the spreading of soils in nature (the law of vertical zoning) is noted. It allows us to assert that the formation of soil science as a science began; the relief is included in the range of its objects of investigation, the scientific interweaving of soil and geomorphological ideas. In article the role of the basic properties of the relief – morphology, genesis, age and dynamics, as well as the general conditions in the geographic possibilities of interpretation at the establishment of the laws of the formation of the general properties of the soil cover of the region are analyzed. It is indicated that an attempt to depart from the traditional approaches to the study of geographical objects, to study the soil cover precisely from the position of the subject of geomorphology are the methodological principles of geomorphological science. The role of morphological and morphometric properties of the relief of the earth’s surface in relations with the soil cover, regional differences in the morphometric parameters of the relief of the earth’s surface, the role of the genesis of certain forms of the relief of the earth’s surface in the formation and changes in the soil cover, the influence of the relief age on the formation of the soil cover, earth`s surface in changes in soil properties are represented. This material show`s that the basis for our comprehensive geomorphological and soil studies of the territory of the Northern Black Sea Region, which for the first time illustrates the possibility of using the theoretical and methodological foundations of general geomorphology in the study of the origin, spread, degradation and protection of the soil cover of Ukraine’s most important agricultural region.

Diversity and main properties of soils of the Gronfjord area (Svalbard archipelago)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Iaroslavovna Iavid ◽  
Veronika Nikolaevna Kondakova ◽  
Vyacheslav Igorevich Polyakov ◽  
Evgeny Vasilyevic Abakumov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Russian Soil

Svalbard archipelago is characterized by specific climate conditions, high air temperature and relative air humidity, which are not typical for high latitudes. Such conditions affect soil-forming processes. Classification and morphological structure of the soil cover on the Spitsbergen archipelago are still poorly understood. The aim of current research was to reveal diverse soil taxons in the Gronfjord area and characterize framework of its formation. As the results of this work, the authors provide the description of the investigated soils and their taxonomy in accordance with World Reference Base for Soil Resources (IUSS Working Group 2015) and the new Russian soil classification system. Chemical parameters of the soil, as well and the data on soil horizons properties were measured using vertical electric resistivity sounding method. In total, 15 soil profiles were made and the studied soils were referred to six Soil Reference Groups with domination of Leptosols and Regosols. The profiles were made in different landscapes that allowed to determine the similarities and differences in soil cover of the area. The main factors affected soil formation are cryogenic processes combined with gleyfication and cambic alteration of soil material.

scholarly journals BACKGROUND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL COVER OF THE NORTHERN PART OF THE STATE RESERVE «VERKHNE-TAZOVSKY»

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Pechkin ◽  
◽  
E.V. Agbalian ◽  
E.V. Shinkaruk ◽  
N. A. Khnycheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Exchange Cations ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Nenets Autonomous ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Analytical studies of background soils on the territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug were Carried out using generally accepted methods in soil science. Low availability of tested soils with organic matter and basic exchange cations is shown. Indicators of heavy metal concentrations, silt and humus content, and sorbents (iron and manganese hydroxides) were obtained.

scholarly journals Genetic and substantive soil classifications and their applicability in geobotanical research

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
R. G. Gracheva
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Multilevel Classification

The first soil classifications dividing soils according to their individual properties and reflecting the resource value of soils were, in fact, substantive classifications. The appearance of soil science that studies soils as special natural bodies changing in space according to natural laws has led to the emergence of genetic soil classifications. The most detailed multilevel Classification of soils of the USSR (1977) is ecological genetic classification based on the relationship between soils and soil formation conditions, where the type of vegetation cover is the top hierarchy level. With the development of soil science, inconsistencies between the genetic classification and the growing volume of knowledge, difficulties in its formalization, and contradictions with the zonal approach have appeared. A paradigm of substantive classification has emerged based on modern measurable morphological and analytical indicators of soils. It is most fully implemented in the World reference base for soil resources (WRB); a compromise option is the substantive- genetic Soil Classification of Russia (2004). In these classifications, for the first time soils with strong human influence (Antrosols and Technosols) are included at a high classification level. The tasks of substantive classifications are the certainty of soil identification; however, discrete classification cells with tight boundaries do not correspond to the continual nature of soils. When using WRB 2014, geobotanical studies receive a certain “freedom” from soils, at the same time, the rigid framework of the parameters of soil properties makes it possible to more accurately identify soil-depended condition of the vegetation cover.

Regime of soil humus rural residential areas organic farming systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
L.I. Shkarivska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Organic Farming System

The changes of the soil’s humus soil within the rural areas are investigated for the organic farming system. The most significant impact of organic agriculture on humus content over 55% was observed on soddy podzolic soils (V>75%), the lowest –7,5% on typical chernozem (V≈16%). Changes in the qualitative composition of humus for the introduction of various types of organic substrates are analyzed.

Soil Science Society Publishes “Selected Papers in Soil Formation and Classification”

Soil Horizons ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
John Doe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Science Society ◽  
Science Society

Soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 (10) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Belozertseva ◽  
A.A. Sorokovoj
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soil Cover Structure ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Made In

On the basis of long-term researches of soils in the territory of Russia and Mongolia soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region is carried out. At division into districts the whole set of an environment of soil formation was considered. On the map of soil and ecological division into districts 13 mountain, mid-mountain, low-mountain taiga, foothill, hollow-valley, forest-steppe and steppe provinces reflecting surface device originality as the ratio of balance of heat and moisture forming a basis to zoning is shown against the background of difficult orography are allocated. In total 42 districts on lithologic-geomorphological features are allocated. In formation of distinctions of a soil cover of these provinces the leading role is played by bioclimatic factors and inside them the lithologic-geomorphological ones. In the view of structural approach of the district they are considered as territories with a certain natural change of several types of the soil cover structure caused by features of a relief and the parent rock. The map is made in the MapInfo program. It is revealed that on ill-defined width zoning of soils the vertical one which has a greater influence on soils of this region is imposed. Soils of the Baikal region are not similar to the soils located at the same latitude of the flat European territory of Russia. Zone soils of this territory are specific and original.

THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF SOIL EROSION: MECHANISM, PATTERNS OF EXPRESSION AND PREDICTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Demidov ◽  
Oleg Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Erosion Mechanism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Wide Range

The monograph summarizes the information over the past 20 years on the currently widely used. The textbook is intended for students of higher educational institutions, studying in the specialty of soil science, as well as specializing in erosion and soil protection. The textbook describes the physical basis and mechanism of erosion processes, based on some sections of hydraulics, hydrology, hydro-and aeromechanics, knowledge of which is necessary to understand the mechanism of water, wind and irrigation soil erosion. The main mathematical models and principles of forecasting the values of soil losses as a result of erosion processes are considered. The textbook will be useful not only for students and postgraduates studying in the specialty of soil science, but also for geographers, ecologists and a wide range of specialists interested in the problems of soil cover conservation and environmental protection.

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