scholarly journals ГЕОГРАФІЧНА СТРУКТУРА УРБАНОФЛОР СТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
G. G. Derevyanska ◽  
O. Z. Glukhov
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Urban Flora ◽  
Adventive Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transition Type

<p>This paper considers the problem of geographic links between the urban flora of steppe zone of Ukraine on the example of the industrial agglomeration Donetsk-Makeyevka, in comparison with urban flora of Kherson and Kirovograd. We presented the detailed description of special features of the composition of geographic elements of the agglomeration flora. It strongly reflects the characteristic features of steppe urban flora, because its territory is affected by the anthropogenic influence at large extend. The spectrum of geographic ranges of species from the agglomeration Donetsk-Makeyevka urban flora numbers 6 types, 12 classes and 130 groups of ranges. The urban flora is both represented by species with wide and local ranges, endemics, that point to its significant heterogeneity. However, compared to the flora of Kherson and Kirovograd, the role of holarctic type of ranges in the agglomeration flora (375 species compared to 400 and 522 species, respectively) is reduced in favor of the polyregional type, reflecting active adventization processes. The holarctic class itself is represented by 150 species (16.7%). It far exceeds the number of species of this class in the regional flora (9.2%), since nearly a half of their number in the observed flora is adventive species. Second place by the number of species in the holarctic class belongs to the European and North American group (13; 1.5%). Apart from this, seven more groups of the class, comprising 1-3 species each, are connected with North America. The polyregional type is represented to a large extent by the species of ruderal habitats. The total number of species of this type is 199. The palaearctic class includes the greatest number of ranges of species from the agglomeration urban flora (31); it consists of 175 species (19.5%), that is less than such index for regional flora (27.3%). The European and Old Mediterranean transition type comprises 97 species (10.8%), that is less than in other urban flora of steppe zone (128; 13.3% in Kherson and 171; 18.0% in Kirovograd). The Nomadic type numbers 132 species (14.7%). One more species – Verbascum marschallianum Ivanina et Tzvelev – is related to the Nomadic and European transition type. The Nomadic and Old Mediterranean transition type includes 93 species (10.4%). This all suggests heterogeneity of urban flora of steppe zone of Ukraine due to their wide geographic connections. On the one hand, they have features of regional flora, which was formed under the great influence of Old Mediterranean flora and has a significant number of narrow-range and endemic species. On the other hand, under the impact of urbanization one can observe the reduction of the role of ranges of the Nomadic type and the enhanced role of the polyregional type due to the significant number of adventive species.</p><p> </p>

Role of Brand experience in Fashion brands

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
G. Aiswarya ◽  
Dr. Jayasree Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Selling Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Traditionally the products were pushed into the hands of customers by production and selling strategies; then the marketing strategy evolved which gained momentum by understanding the customer needs and developing products satisfying those needs. This strategy is most prevalent and what should be done to stand up in this most competitive scenario? The answer to this key question is to create an experience. The customers now also seek good experiences than other benefits. Brand experience has gained more attention, especially fashion brands. Previous studies demonstrate the role of the brand experience in brand equity and other consumer behavior constructs. But very little is known about the impact of brand experiences on fashion brands. The aim of this study is to develop a model which makes our understanding better about the role of Brand preference and Brand experience and its influence on purchase intention of the brand. An initial exploratory study is conducted using a focus group to generate items for the study. The items, thus generated are prepared in the form of a questionnaire and samples were collected.  Exploratory factor analysis is conducted and the reliability of the constructs is determined. These constructs are loaded onto AMOS to perform Confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirmed the scales used. We also noticed that Brand preference has a great influence on the Brand experience. Thereby the finding supports the role of the brand experience which tends to have a mediating role in influencing the purchase intention.

Geographic ranges of genera and their constituent species: structure, evolutionary dynamics, and extinction resistance

Paleobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Foote ◽  
Kathleen A. Ritterbush ◽  
Arnold I. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Constituent Species ◽  
The Mean

AbstractWe explore the relationships among the geographic ranges of genera, the ranges and positions of their constituent species, and the number of species they contain, considering variation among coeval genera and changes within genera over time. Measuring range size as the maximal distance, or extent, between occurrences within a taxon, we find that the range of the most widespread species is a good predictor of the range of the genus, and that the number of species is a better predictor still. This analysis is complicated by a forced correlation: the range of a genus must be at least as large as that of each of its constituent species. We therefore focus on a second measure of range, the mean squared distance, or dispersion, of occurrences from the geographic centroid, which, by analogy to the analysis of variance, allows the total dispersion of a genus to be compared to the mean within-species dispersion and the dispersion among species centroids. We find that among-species dispersion is the principal determinant of genus dispersion. Within-species dispersion also plays a major role. The role of species richness is relatively small. Our results are not artifacts of temporal variation in the geographic breadth of sampled data. The relationship between changes in genus dispersion and changes in within- and among-species dispersion shows a symmetry, being similar in cases when the genus range is expanding and when it is contracting. We also show that genera with greater dispersion have greater extinction resistance, but that within- and among-species dispersion are not demonstrable predictors of survival once the dispersion of the genus is accounted for. Thus it is the range of the genus, rather than how it is attained, that is most relevant to its fate. Species richness is also a clear predictor of survival, beyond its effects on geographic range.

Recurrent speciation rates on islands decline with species number

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1949) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Yamaguchi ◽  
Yoh Iwasa ◽  
Yuuya Tachiki
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Speciation Rates ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

In an archipelagic system, species diversity is maintained and determined by the balance among speciation, extinction and migration. As the number of species increases, the average population size of each species decreases, and the extinction likelihood of any given species grows. By contrast, the role of reduced population size in geographic speciation has received comparatively less research attention. Here, to study the rate of recurrent speciation, we adopted a simple multi-species two-island model and considered symmetric interspecific competition on each island. As the number of species increases on an island, the competition intensifies, and the size of the resident population decreases. By contrast, the number of migrants is likely to exhibit a weaker than proportional relationship with the size of the source population due to rare oceanic dispersal. If this is the case, as the number of species on the recipient island increases, the impact of migration strengthens and decelerates the occurrence of further speciation events. According to our analyses, the number of species can be stabilized at a finite level, even in the absence of extinction.

scholarly journals A Linguistic (Critical Discourse) Analysis of Consumer Products’ Advertising in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Oyedokun Alli ◽  
Wasiu Ademola
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Advertising Industry ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Selling Point ◽  
The Impact

Language is the chief means by which humans communicate among themselves; it is also a veritable means of socialisation. In essence, language is an important arsenal used to influence others around us. Clive Johnson and Jackie Keddie (2011) assert that “the impact of what and how we communicate can be very profound for others”. This paper examines the use of language in the advertising industry and posits that in advertising, not only is language used to inform or sensitize, but it is also used to deceive. Language has immense power, and its impact depends entirely on how we wield it. Advertising has a great influence on our purchasing decisions. Consumers are exposed to countless commercial messages everyday “persuading them to buy brand name products”. This is achieved through certain contrivances, which the paper fully discusses. The searchlight of this paper beams on such questions as: does advertising tempt us into buying things we don’t need; does it affect us subliminally in ways we can’t control; how much latitude should marketers have in the kind of products they promote and how they advertise them; do consumers have some responsibilities in the process; what is the proper role of government, especially in protecting the consumers? In sum, the paper sets for itself the task of determining the “border line” between persuasion and deception, in the language of advertisement. It finds that through the subtle means of “appealing” and “persuading, certain deceptive contrivances and even outright falsehood are sued to hoodwink the consumer. The implications are that consumers are “tricked” to buy what they don’t really need; advertisers “overstretch” claim on their products and services; and, finally the advertising, not the product itself, becomes the selling point. It also recommends among others that the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC), Advertisement Practitioners’ Council of Nigeria and such other regulatory agencies should be empowered to verify all claims in advertisements before such claims are published.

scholarly journals The Role of Iron in Brain Development: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2001
Author(s):  
Samantha McCann ◽  
Marta Perapoch Amadó ◽  
Sophie E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

One-third of children falter in cognitive development by pre-school age. Iron plays an important role in many neurodevelopmental processes, and animal studies suggest that iron sufficiency in pregnancy and infancy is particularly important for neurodevelopment. However, it is not clear whether iron deficiency directly impacts developmental outcomes, and, if so, whether impact differs by timing of exposure or developmental domain. We searched four databases for studies on iron deficiency or iron supplementation in pregnancy, or at 0–6 months, 6–24 months, or 2–4 years of age. All studies included neurodevelopmental assessments in infants or children up to 4 years old. We then qualitatively synthesized the literature. There was no clear relationship between iron status and developmental outcomes across any of the time windows or domains included. We identified a large quantity of low-quality studies, significant heterogeneity in study design and a lack of research focused on pregnancy and early infancy. In summary, despite good mechanistic evidence for the role of iron in brain development, evidence for the impact of iron deficiency or iron supplementation on early development is inconsistent. Further high-quality research is needed, particularly within pregnancy and early infancy, which has previously been neglected.

Numerical Analyses to Investigate the Impact of External Sun Visor on Aerodynamic Drag of Heavy-Duty Commercial Truck

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 787-790
Author(s):  
Han Bo Yang ◽  
Xing Jun Hu ◽  
Teng Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Heavy Duty Truck ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag Reduction ◽  
The Impact

Aerodynamic drag is one of the most important sources of the driving resistance suffered by an on-road heavy-duty truck. The previous studies have rarely involved the role of the external sun visor. Therefore, numerical method is used for the research of the influence of six kinds of sun visors differenced by shapes or layouts on the aerodynamic drag reduction. It is demonstrated that the sun visor has a great influence on the local flow field where it is fixed, while a relatively small effect on the global flow field. Moreover, compared to the original one, the CDvalues of each case have different degrees of reduction which illustrates that an appropriate shape and layout of a sun visor benefits the air drag reduction, the largest decline is 4.7%.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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