scholarly journals Успешность размножения птиц островных лесов юга Лесостепи Украины

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-549
Author(s):  
S. O. Liulenko ◽  
L. M. Moroz ◽  
S. I. Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Reproduction Success ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
Forest Lands

<p>During 2005-2015 we conducted the research on the success of laying eggs in 82 species of birds nesting in the island oak and hornbeam forests of the region. 1095 cases of reproduction have been studied. The value of the masonry of each species has changed. 197 clutches (18%) out of 1095 are unfinished (we consider masonry to be unfinished if it consists of 50% or fewer eggs comparing with medium masonry). Very often unfinished masonry or even empty abandoned nests are observed in birds nesting on the ground. The anthropic factors are among the reasons preventing the end of the clutches. They are: grazing, sanitary felling, picking berries and mushrooms, visiting the forest lands for walks, etc. A significant part of the nests was left due to the death of one of the partners from predators or destroying the incipient clutches. The success of birds’ reproduction also reduces masonry or broods and the last ones die. This factor is also mentioned by A.S. Giliazov (1981). Due to the reproduction success, all 82 species of birds are divided into 7 groups with 10% interval between them. The highest success of nesting is observed in sedentary species (on average – 62.23%), and the lowest - in migratory species (on average – 54.03%). This indicates the better fitness of sedentary species to unfavourable weather conditions overcoming, stronger ecological plasticity in general, including all periods of their life cycle including reproduction.</p>

scholarly journals Weather Risk Management in Agriculture

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Bobriková
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Option Hedging ◽  
Put Option ◽  
Hedging Strategies ◽  
Weather Risk ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Weather Risk Management

The paper focuses on valuation of a weather derivative with payoffs depending on temperature. We use historical data from the weather station in the Slovak town Košice to obtain unique prices of option contracts in an incomplete market. Numerical examples of prices of some contracts are presented, using the Burn analysis. We provide an example of how a weather contract can be designed to hedge the financial risk of a suboptimal temperature condition. The comparative comparison of the selected option hedging strategies has shown the best results for the producers in agricultural industries who hedges against an unfavourable weather conditions. The results of analysis proved that by buying put option or call option, the farmer establishes the highest payoff in the case of temperature decrease or increase. The Long Straddle Strategy is the most expensive but is available to the farmer who hedges against a high volatility in temperature movement. We conclude with the findings that weather derivatives could be useful tools to diminish the financial losses for agricultural industries highly dependent for temperature.

PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF POTATO VARIETIES OF LOCAL AND FOREIGN REGIONAL BREEDING IN THE CONDITIONS OF YAKUTIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1333-1341
Author(s):  
N.S. Yakovleva ◽  
◽  
P.P. Okhlopkova ◽  
S.P. Efremova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Distinguished Varieties

The results of the assessment of potato varieties of foreign and local selection in the conditions of Yakutia, carried out in 2012– 2014, are presented. (the characteristic of weather conditions is presented). All varieties belong to the group of early maturing and mid-early. The best in terms of yield in 2012 were the varieties Tulunsky Early (14.8 t / ha), Kamensky (13.7) t / ha and Varmas (13.5 t / ha). The local variety Yakutyanka exceeded the distinguished varieties in yield by 3.9–5.2 t / ha. by the number of tubers from the bush, the varieties Tulunsky early and Yakutyanka were distinguished. The marketable yield of all varieties in 2013 ranged from 10.5 t / ha (Kolobok variety) to 28.8 t / ha (Yakutyanka variety). The marketable yield in 2014 averaged 15.6 t / ha, while Kamensky (18.6 t / ha) and Yakutyanka (18.8 t / ha) cultivars formed a higher yield. In 2012, for all varieties, the marketability varied within 60-75%. The highest marketability of the crop was noted for the Yakutyanka variety - 75%. The marketability of tubers in potato varieties was different in 2013. The highest marketability of the crop was noted for the Varmas variety (98%), the lowest was noted for the Severny and Briz varieties, the marketability was 77–78%. In 2014, the marketability for all varieties varied within 74–95%. The marketable yield of the Yakutyanka variety was the highest in comparison with other varieties and amounted to 18.8 t / ha. Analysis of the ecological plasticity of potato varieties in terms of yield revealed the most plastic variety of the adaptive type Yakutyanka, which in various weather conditions forms a yield of at least 14.0 t / ha.

scholarly journals Ensemble Sensitivity Analysis of the Blocking System over Russia in Summer 2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa-Ann Quandt ◽  
Julia H. Keller ◽  
Olivia Martius ◽  
Joaquim G. Pinto ◽  
Sarah C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Ensemble Forecasts ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Diabatic Processes ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Abstract In summer 2010, the weather conditions in the Euro-Russian sector were affected by a long-lasting atmospheric block that led to a heat wave in Russia and floods in Pakistan. Following previous studies describing the block’s predictability, the present study aims to investigate uncertainties in the upper-level wave pattern and diabatic processes that were responsible for the block’s forecast variability during its onset, mature, and decay phases. With this aim, an ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA) is performed for three medium-range THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble multimodel ensemble forecasts, one associated with each phase of the block’s life cycle. The ESA revealed that the block’s predictability was influenced by forecast uncertainties in the general wave pattern and in the vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT), used here as a proxy for diabatic processes. These uncertainties are associated with spatial shifts and intensity changes of synoptic waves and IVT during the whole life cycle of the block. During the onset phase, specific features include an Atlantic precursor block and the occurrence of several cyclones. During the mature stage, the blocking ridge itself was highly predictable, while forecast uncertainties in the wave pattern and in IVT primarily were associated with uncertainties in the block’s western flank. During the decay phase, the ESA signals were less intense, but the forecast variability significantly depended on the transformation of the block into a high-over-low pattern. It can be concluded that ESA is suitable to investigate the block’s forecast variability in multimodel ensembles.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIONOMICS OF SOME NORTHERN SPECIES OF TABANIDAE (DIPTERA)

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
New Records ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Northern Species

Ten species of Tabanus, five of Chrysops, and one of Atylotus are recorded from the Churchill, Manitoba, area. Of these, Tabanus itasca Philip, Tabanus sp. (new?), and Atylotus ohioensis (Hine) represent new records. It is established that Tabanidae in this region overwinter in the larval stage and that most species have at least a three-year life cycle. Problems in taxonomy are discussed. Methods of rearing the immature stages, of collecting adults emerging in the field, of estimating larval and adult populations, and of correlating adult activity and weather conditions are described, and the results are presented. Larvae of the tipulid Prionocera dimidiata (Lw.) are reported as predators of larvae of Chrysops spp. The emergence of the chalcid parasite Diglochis occidentalis (Ashm.) from pupae of Tabanus and Chrysops spp. reared from the larval stage is recorded.

The Use of Barometric Charts in the Navigation of Airships

1927 ◽  
Vol 31 (193) ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Norman L. Silvester
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
Bad Weather

Experience has shown how dependent is the airship upon weather conditions —more particularly for a safe ascent and descent. The numerous experiments with windscreens, tractors, mooring posts and landing gear emphasise the difficulty of handling an airship on the ground and of manoeuvring it in and out of its shed.It is in the endeavour to minimise these risks that this study has been undertaken. In the discussion as to the most advisable course for an airship to adopt for its own safety when surprised by unfavourable weather, it should be remembered that in all the examples which follow, it is a case of “making the best of a bad job”; and that no pilot would wittingly leave his base with the knowledge of such bad weather impending except under pressure of war time necessity. It is hoped to demonstrate that in some cases it might be possible by skilful navigation, aided by the frequent communication of isobaric charts by wireless telegraphy and by accurate positions given frequently by the same means, for a pilot to keep in the air during the passage of bad weather and thus avoid the risk of wreck by attempting a premature landing.

scholarly journals The Ticks of Rodents and their Nests, and the Discovery that Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latr. is the Vector of Tropical Typhus in Kenya

1935 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Isgaer Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

1. Earlier attempts to trace the vector of tropical typhus in Kenya failed. The only references to the subject in the available literature consist of mere suggestions that a mite would most likely prove to be the transmitter.2. An investigation made in an area whence most Nairobi cases of tropical typhus were reported, suggested that a tick (R. pulchellus) would be the most likely vector.3. Transmission experiments made in the belief that one of the unclassed fevers of man was conveyed by R. pulchellus have so far yielded negative results. There is, however, sufficient circumstantial evidence available pointing to this tick as vector of a form of mild typhus to man—this demands further investigation.4. At Mombasa and Nairobi, houses reported to be heavily infested with ticks, or houses investigated after the occurrence of the tropical typhus in them, have yielded only R. sanguineus.5. R. sanguineus (3 ♀), taken from a dog in a house where the last typhus case had occurred 8 months previously, gave a typical typhus syndrome when emulsified and inoculated into a male guinea-pig. R. sanguineus (1 ♀, 12 ⊙), taken in a house where a child had recently contracted typhus, also gave a positive result with guinea-pigs and the virus was further transmitted by passage through other guinea-pigs.6. The infestation of houses by R. sanguineus and the incidence of tropical typhus among human beings appear to be influenced by unfavourable weather conditions, causing the ticks to seek relatively dry and warm places for purposes of oviposition or metamorphosis, thus invading houses. In the absence of dogs, its usual hosts, the tick attacks man.

scholarly journals Complex evaluation of agrotechnical factors in rape seed

2010 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kátai
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Homogeneous Surface ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Unfavourable Weather

A polifactorial field trial with rape was carried out in the crop-years of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 at the Látókép Research Centre of University of Debrecen, 15 km away from Debrecen. The soil type of the research area was a calcaric chernozem, with a levelled and homogeneous surface. Our investigations on the dynamics of lodging proved that rape can easily be lodged under unfavourable weather conditions, which results in a significant crop failure: In crop-year 2009 yields were 1.0-1.5 t ha-1 higher than in 2008, when the weather conditions were more unfavourable. In both crop-years the influence of sowing time on the crop yield of rape was examined in three soil cultivation systems, with ploughing, loosening or disking. Different sowing time influenced the yield of rape in both crop-years significantly. In the crop-year of 2007/2008 – due to mild winter – we got the highest yield in the first sowing time (at the end of August) with loosening (3930 kg ha-1) and disking (3727 kg ha-1), while in case of ploughing we experienced the highest yield (3770 kg ha-1) in the second sowing time. There were no significant differences between the first and second sowing time (the end of August and the beginning of September), and in the third sowing time (end of September) also a moderate crop failure (-6.7%) cold be obtained, due to the favourable weather in winter and the water supply of the crop-year 2007/2008. In 2008/2009 all the three cultivation systems showed the best yield-results in the second sowing time (ploughing: 4886 kg ha-1, loosening: 5186 kg ha-1, disking: 5090 kg ha-1), and the first sowing time hardly differed from this (-4.1%), while the late September sowing time resulted in a significant crop failure of -11.1%.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE FACTOR ON THE DURATION OF INTERPHASE PERIODS OF MELON PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
N.A. Eliseeva ◽  
◽  
Yu.N. Kostanchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Fruit Formation

One of the valuable traits of any variety is its degree of adaptability to stressful environmental factors. The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of influence of average daily temperatures on the duration of interphase periods of some melon varieties in the first half of growing season to assess their ecological plasticity under conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea. The studies were conducted in 2016–2019 on the experimental fields of FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” (village of Ukromnoye, Simferopol suburbs). All the research studies were carried out according to the existing guidelines for melon crops breeding. Fifty-six melon samples varying in reaching maturity were the objects of the study. Soil – chernozem southern calcareous heavy loamy; its texture is clayey, structure – lumpy. Weather conditions during the years of research varied. The most favourable temperature regime for the melon growing was in 2019 (2269.6 °С); unfavourable – in 2016 (1738.0 °С); 2017 and 2018 occupied an intermediate position. It allowed obtaining objective results in assessing ecological plasticity of the studied varieties. Planting scheme – standard; feeding area – 1.0×1.5 m2 per one plant. The study was carried out in a collection nursery; four-fold replication. We compared melons of three groups of ripeness: early (I) – varieties mature in 55–75 days, mid-early (II) – ripen in 76–90 days, mid-late (III) – require 90 days until harvest. During the years of research, the duration of interphase periods varied from 18 to 59 days. An increase in the relative average daily air temperature by 1 °C reduced the phenophases duration on average by 1.02–4.43 days. The most pronounced changes were revealed in the third interphase period (seedlings – fruit formation beginning): the average value of the ecological variation corresponded to 27.5 %; maximum it was in the mid-late samples (25.3 %). We established a close negative correlation (from –0.72 to –0.99) between an increase in the relative average daily air temperature and duration of the phenophases of the first half of the melon plants growing season. Each genotype reacted individually to changes in external influences. The group of mid-late samples had the highest degree of variability. An increase in the relative average daily temperatures by 1 °C reduces the length of the interphase periods of plants of this group from 1.99 to 3.75 days. Among others, varieties ‘Idyllia’, ‘Gulnara’, ‘Ethiopka’ were the most stable.

scholarly journals SIKLON TROPIS, KARASTERISTIK DAN PENGARUHNYA DI WILAYAH INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
M. Djazim Syaifullah
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
The Moment

Tulisan ini adalah sebuah dan analisis karasteristik dari siklon tropis termasuk proses siklus hidupnya, struktur, skala kekuatan dan bagaimana pengaruhnya di daerah Indonesia. Analisis siklon tropis dikhususkan untuk kejadian-kejadian di daerah Pasifik Barat dan Laut Cina Selatan. Salah satu pengaruh siklon tropis adalah munculnya hotspot di Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Siklon tropis adalah sebuah yang fenomena meteorologi yang dengan potensi besar dampak di area kerusakan yang dilaluinya. Siklon tropis mempunyai kekuatan yang sangat besar dan tidak ada usaha manusia yang dapat mencegah atau menghilangkan siklon tropis. Siklon Tropis mempunyai siklus mulai sejak saat pembentukannya sampai kepunahannya. Ada tiga tahap : tahap pembentukan, tahap matang dan tahap pelemahan. Indonesia secara umum mendapatkan pengaruh secara tidak langsung dari keberadaan siklon tropis ini, dimana pada musim kering ini akan memperparah bencana kekeringan di beberapa daerah di Indonesia khususnya di wilayah Kalimantan dan Sumatera.Kata Kunci: siklon tropis, kebakaran hutan, hotspotThis paper is an overview and analisys of tropical cyclone charasteristics consit of their life cycle processes, structures, scale of strength and how its influence in Indonesian region. Tropical cyclone analysis is devoted to the events in the Western Pacific region and the South China Sea. Observed influence of tropical cyclones is the emergence of hot spots in Sumatera and Kalimantan as well as it happened rains in some areas. The tropical cyclone is a meteorological phenomenon with huge potential impact on the area of damage in its path. Tropical cyclone strength was so big and there was no human effort that can prevent or eliminate a tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones have a life cycle starting from the moment of its formation until its extinction. There are three stages : formation stage, mature stage and attenuation stage. Indonesia generally received indirect impact on changing weather conditions. In the dry season will increase the incidence of tropical cyclone severe drought level in the region of Indonesia, particularly Sumatera and Kalimantan and result in the emergence of the number of fires (hot spot) which is quite a lot. In the wet season tropical cyclone events can cause increased rainfall causes floods, especially in areas close to the location of the cyclone, for example in the area of the northern part of Kalimantan and Sulawesi.Keywords : tropical cyclone, forest fire, hotspot

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