scholarly journals Ecologically safe methods for presowing treatment of cereal seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-207
Author(s):  
V. V. Bezpal'ko ◽  
L. V. Zhukova ◽  
S. V. Stankevich ◽  
Yu. H. Ogurtsov ◽  
I. I. Klymenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Extremely High Frequency ◽  
Presowing Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crop Capacity

We analyzed various sources of scientific literature and our data at the experimental field of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences Plant Growing Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev within 2010-2013. The irradiation of winter wheat and spring barley seeds with the electromagnetic fields of the extremely high frequencies (MWF of EHF) was carried out with the help of the equipment of the Kharkiv Technical University of Radio Electronics. The treatment of seeds with the microwave oscillations of the extremely high frequency electromagnetic field (MWF of EHF) that is widely used for the operation of many radio and home microwave devices was done at the frequency range of 2.5-3.4 GHz, at the power of 0.9-1.8 kW for 5-95 seconds per 1 kg of seeds. The sowing quality of the seeds before and after treatment was determined in accordance with the current State Standard of Ukraine 4138-2002 in the laboratory of the seed production and seed science of the Plant Growing Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev. The field experiments were performed in the crop rotation laboratory of the seed production and seed science. Pea for grain was sown before spring barley and the black fallow preceded winter wheat. During the experiments the area of the studied plot was 20 m2, the recurrence was four-times, and the placement of the plots were systemic.We suggested the optimum regimes of seeds irradiation with the microwave field of an extremely high frequency (MWF of EHF). They should be at range of 2.4-3.4 GHz with the power consumption of 0.9 kW per 1 kg of seed and at exposure of 45 seconds of 1.8 kW per 1 kg of seeds and exposure of 15-20 seconds. Such regimes cause the increased energy of germination, seeds sprouting, and crop capacity. We proposed to use this solution for improving and increasing the ecological features of winter wheat and spring barley by using the presowing microwave irradiation of seeds instead of chemical treatment. We considered the complex presowing treatment of seeds with MWF of EHF in combination with the plant growth regulators should be adopted and further enhanced.

scholarly journals Ecologically safe methods for presowing treatment of cereal seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
V. V. Bezpal'ko ◽  
L. V. Zhukova ◽  
S. V. Stankevich ◽  
Yu. H. Ogurtsov ◽  
I. I. Klymenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Extremely High Frequency ◽  
Presowing Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crop Capacity

We analyzed various sources of scientific literature and our data at the experimental field of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences Plant Growing Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev within 2010-2013. The irradiation of winter wheat and spring barley seeds with the electromagnetic fields of the extremely high frequencies (MWF of EHF) was carried out with the help of the equipment of the Kharkiv Technical University of Radio Electronics. The treatment of seeds with the microwave oscillations of the extremely high frequency electromagnetic field (MWF of EHF) that is widely used for the operation of many radio and home microwave devices was done at the frequency range of 2.5-3.4 GHz, at the power of 0.9-1.8 kW for 5-95 seconds per 1 kg of seeds. The sowing quality of the seeds before and after treatment was determined in accordance with the current State Standard of Ukraine 4138-2002 in the laboratory of the seed production and seed science of the Plant Growing Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev. The field experiments were performed in the crop rotation laboratory of the seed production and seed science. Pea for grain was sown before spring barley and the black fallow preceded winter wheat. During the experiments the area of the studied plot was 20 m2, the recurrence was four-times, and the placement of the plots were systemic.We suggested the optimum regimes of seeds irradiation with the microwave field of an extremely high frequency (MWF of EHF). They should be at range of 2.4-3.4 GHz with the power consumption of 0.9 kW per 1 kg of seed and at exposure of 45 seconds of 1.8 kW per 1 kg of seeds and exposure of 15-20 seconds. Such regimes cause the increased energy of germination, seeds sprouting, and crop capacity. We proposed to use this solution for improving and increasing the ecological features of winter wheat and spring barley by using the presowing microwave irradiation of seeds instead of chemical treatment. We considered the complex presowing treatment of seeds with MWF of EHF in combination with the plant growth regulators should be adopted and further enhanced.

scholarly journals Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

IMPACT OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SEEDS BY SUPERWEAK ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS OF EXTREMELY-HIGH FREQUENCY ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Морозов ◽  
Gennadiy Morozov ◽  
Таланов ◽  
Pavel Talanov ◽  
Таланов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Extremely High Frequency ◽  
Sowing Seed

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment by electromagnetic impact to reduce phytopathogens on seeds, involvement of plants by root rot and leafy mycosis and improving the productivity and quality of winter rye grain.

scholarly journals The influence of autumn cutting on canopy structure and seed production of first-year crops of Poa pratensis L and Festuca rubra L.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J.M. Meijer ◽  
S. Vreeke
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
N Application

In field experiments in 1981-86, Poa pratensis cv. Kimono and Baron and Festuca rubra cv. Agram and Koket were undersown in companion crops of winter wheat cv. Arminda. Cuts were made immediately after wheat harvest or 4-6 weeks later. N application as autumn and spring dressings did not alter the effects of cutting. In most experiments, cutting treatments increased production of inflorescence and seed yield, mainly due to better illumination, and increased survival of the late elongating reproductive tillers. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Economic Efficiency of Selected Crops Cultivated under Different Technology of Soil Tillage

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vach ◽  
Z. Strašil ◽  
M. Javůrek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tillage Methods

Abstract The objective of this study was the model comparison and economic evaluation of different methods of soil tillage and crop stand establishments used. Based on yield results (winter wheat, spring barley, and white mustard cultivated in three-crop rotation) from field experiments with conventional, conservation with minimum tillage, and no-tillage methods conducted at the site Prague-Ruzyně, model economic balances were evaluated. Prices of the main products were determined based on the yield results from the period 2010-2013 and the current market prices. In the individual tillage systems, the total costs of production of evaluated crops were counted up and profitability was calculated as a ratio of profit to total costs. The highest total costs of crop cultivation were identified in cereals under conventional soil tillage, on the contrary, the lowest in cereals cultivated under conservation tillage technology. As for the growing technologies, the highest profitability was found in winter wheat, as for the tillage methods, it was in the conservation variant with minimum tillage. The economic evaluation for individual crops was based on standards of growing technologies and particular work operations.

scholarly journals Application of Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Oncologic Pathology in the Conditions of a Palliative Care Unit

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
V. B. Smychek ◽  
G. E. Litvinov ◽  
E. A. Mai ◽  
N. S. Shpankova ◽  
N. V. Galinovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Millimetric Wave ◽  
Palliative Care Unit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
Extremely High Frequency ◽  
Before And After

Objective : to estimate the efficiency of the application of extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation in patients with oncologic pathology of II, III and IV clinical groups undergoing rehabilitation in the conditions of a palliative care unit at different stages of the development of the disease regardless of the stage of the treatment. Material and methods. The examination included 30 patients diagnosed with oncologic pathology - 13 (43 %) women and 17 (57 %) men. They were divided into 2 groups. The main group comprised 15 people aged 45-79 who were undergoing a rehabilitation course of ten 10-minute sessions of extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation of millimetric wave band. The study was conducted with the help of the device «Pramen M14T-Z» with a frequency of operating radiation of 42.194 ± 0.015 GHz (wavelength of 7.1 mm). The control group included 15 patients at the age of 34-84. The efficiency of the therapy was estimated by means of the standard questionnaires: the Rivermead Mobility Index (F. M. Collen of 1991), Beck Scale, Wakefield Self-Assessment of Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM - D), DN4 and also the assessment of the general blood test before and after the treatment. Results. All the patients who had completed the rehabilitation course in the conditions of the palliative care unit with the application of extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation of millimetric wave band (Shan Zhong point of VC.17) revealed a decrease in the neuropathic component of pain. Other positive clinical changes of varying degree were observed in both the groups. Conclusion. The application of extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation is a perspective way of treatment in the complex rehabilitation of patients with oncologic pathology in the conditions of the palliative care unit.

DEPENDENCE OF PHYTOSANITARY CONDITIONS OF CROPS AND GRAIN YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CROP ROTATION SYSTEM ON APPLICATION LEVEL OF CHEMICALS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Crop Rotation System

The article presents the study results of the field experiments on chemicals impact on phytosanitary conditions of crops and grain yield of winter wheat. Winter wheat was grown in a long-term crop rotation by the following scheme: potatoes, spring barley, pea- vetch-oat mix for green fodder, winter wheat. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers (P60K90) were applied as the background one. Nitrogen fertilizers in the form of ammonium nitrate were used on the experiment variants at the rate of N34.6 – N69.2 and N103.8. The herbicide Agritox, fungicide Alto and microelement cuprous sulphate were applied in ac-cordance with the scheme of the experiment. The statistical processing of experimental data proved that no harmful impact of pesticides on the productivity of winter wheat was observed in the years of the weak development of weeds and harmful phytopathogens. Regulating the phytosanitary condition of crops due to the winter wheat in the crop rotation, and the application of the herbicide Agritox at the rate of 1.5 kg/ha and the fungicide Alto (250 g/ha) and cuprous sulphate (350 g/ha), it is possible to achieve the planned level of winter wheat yield of 5.37-5.95 t/ha. The combined effect of nitrogen fertilizers and plant protection chemicals allows a differentiated approach to the role assessment of each studied factor de-pending on weather conditions. It has been revealed that the optimal combination of the applied means of chemicalization in the crop rotation system ensures the implementation of the planned level of grain yield of winter wheat in the range from 5.37 to 5.95 t/ha.

scholarly journals Yield and development of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) in field experiments with variable weather and drainage conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 126075
Author(s):  
Kasper Jakob Steensgaard Jensen ◽  
Søren Hansen ◽  
Merete Elisabeth Styczen ◽  
Maja Holbak ◽  
Signe Marie Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Variable Weather

Response of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Rotational Crops to MON 37500

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Shinn ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
William J. Price ◽  
Daniel A. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
Soil Activity

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of different rates and application times of MON 37500 on downy brome control in winter wheat and on rotational crop injury. In southeastern Washington, MON 37500 applied postemergence at 36 to 72 g ai/ha in the fall and spring controlled downy brome 90 to 97% and 45 to 71%, respectively. MON 37500 was applied postemergence to winter wheat at 18, 36, and 72 g/ha during fall 1995 and spring 1996 near Moscow, ID; Pendleton, OR; and Endicott, WA, to determine its effect on rotational crops planted during spring 1997. At Pendleton, OR, fall applications of MON 37500 at 18, 36, and 72 g/ha applied to actively growing wheat reduced seed yield of spring barley and pea 13 to 59% and 26 to 29%, respectively, when these crops followed winter wheat in the rotation. At this site, spring applications of 36 and 72 g/ha reduced seed yield of spring barley 17 to 34%; when applied in the fall or spring, MON 37500 reduced canola yield 31 to 73%. MON 37500 at 18 g/ha in the spring reduced pea biomass 32% at Endicott. Aboveground biomass and seed yield of barley, pea, lentil, and mustard at Moscow were not affected by MON 37500 carryover. However, using a grain sorghum bioassay, predicted final concentrations of MON 37500 in soil at all three locations 360 d after treatment (DAT) was similar, ranging from 0.5 to 2 ng ai/g. In growth chamber herbicide dose–response studies, grain sorghum shoot height was reduced more at lower doses (0.025 to 5 ng/g) of MON 37500 in Pendleton soil than in soils from the other field locations. Perhaps the greater rotational crop injury observed at the Pendleton location was partly related to greater soil activity of the herbicide.

Effect of previous cropping and manuring on the nitrogen fertilizer needed by sugar beet

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
P. J. Last
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Requirement

SUMMARYSix field experiments made between 1960 and 1968 determined the effect of previo cropping and manuring on the nitrogen requirement of sugar beet. Three were at Silsoe in Bedfordshire on soils developed over Lower Greensand and Gault Clay and three were at Broom's Barn (Suffolk) on Calcareous Drift soils over chalk. Each experiment lasted 2 years, a preparatory crop followed by sugar beet.Spring barley and potatoes were treatment crops in all the experiments and winter wheat, a ryegrass ley and barley undersown with trefoil were included in the Suffolk experiments. Nil, 0·6 or 1·2 cwt N/acre was tested on the sugar beet in the first three experiments and 0, 0·5, 1·0 or 1·5 cwt N/acre in later ones.All the experiments showed that previous cropping influenced the nitrogen requirement of the sugar beet. There was a linear relationship (r = – 0·86) between the amount of fertilizer nitrogen given minus that removed by the preparatory crop, and the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer needed by the sugar beet for maximum sugar yield. Sugar beet grown after barley or potatoes (each given 0·5 cwt N/acre) needed on average 1·0 cwt N/acre at both Broom's Barn and Silsoe for maximum sugar yield. Sugar beet after winter wheat or a ryegrass ley also needed 1·0 cwt N/acre at Broom's Barn. When the previous potato crop was given 1·5 cwt N/acre, 0·5 cwt/acre sufficed for maximum yield of sugar at both centres; also after ploughed-in trefoil, sugar beet needed only 0·5 cwt N/acre.

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