scholarly journals The Role of Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship in the Economic Modernization of the South-East Ukraine: 1861–1914

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nelia Yo. Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The South ◽  
Heavy Industry ◽  
East Region ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Structural Methods ◽  
Economic Modernization

The purpose of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of the modernization of the South-East region of Ukraine in the latter half of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century as well as to specify the contribution of entrepreneurs in the formation of the production industry. Methods of research: analysis and synthesis of available information, logical-analytical, problematic-chronological, system-structural methods. The principles of historism, objectivity and consistency, which were the basis of the indicated research methods, made it possible to consider the essence of processes and phenomena, to keep track both of the manifestations of general patterns in the socioeconomic processes in the development of the South-East region of Ukraine and their specific character under the influence of entrepreneurial activity, and also to draw certain conclusions. Key findings: the contribution of entrepreneurs of the South-East Ukraine, which became an important factor in the acceleration of socioeconomic modernization during 1861–1914, is highlighted in the article. Heavy industry became the basis for the modernization in the context of reforms in the latter half of the 19th century, namely production industries related to the extraction of minerals and their processing. During this period, three powerful industrial centers formed: Donetsk coal and metal, Kryvyi Rih ironstone and Nikopol manganese. An important feature of the entrepreneurship development in the South-East region of Ukraine in 1861–1914 was the representation of all population strata: peasants, Cossacks, townsmen, intellectuals, merchants, nobles and foreign capital. They acted as private businessmen and co-owners of collective enterprises. The most common organizational form of entrepreneurship in this period were joint-stock companies, the role and number of which was constantly growing. Conclusions. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Donetsk and Krivyi Rih region became a powerful center of heavy industry (coal, metallurgy, metalworking, machine-building, and chemical). The result of entrepreneurial activity was an increase in production volumes, profitability, the creation of a large number of jobs, the improvement of organization and production technology. Practical value: is determined by the emphasis of the researchers on the need to comprehend the phenomenon of entrepreneurship, its historical lessons, taking into account the powerful factors of this phenomenon and its influence on the contemporary and future civilization development of Ukraine; it is recommended to be used by authors for writing articles, manuals and for development of special courses. Scientific novelty: consists in formulating and studying a relevant topic, which has not received a comprehensive study in historical science. The independent role of entrepreneurship in the capitalist economy at the regional level is shown for the first time; it was proved that the South-East region of Ukraine was the one where the preconditions for the development of private initiative were formed, and also the spread of market relations and entrepreneurship took place; the participation of entrepreneurs in economic modernization as well as the most profitable branches in the region are characterized. Originality: the generalization of experience, practices of profit-making economy of the entrepreneurial strata of the region is used. Type of article: descriptive.

scholarly journals The role of Yugoslav ideology in suppressing the Serbian Cyrillic script

2004 ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Drago Njegovan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Tribal Nation

The paper deals with the issue of Yugoslav ideology and its role in suppressing the Serbian Cyrillic script. There were two different approaches in the concept of Yugoslavism as developed on the grounds of Illyrism (Lj. Gaj) in the midnineteenth century: the Croatian and the Serbian ones. The Croatian Yugoslavism (J.J. Strossmayer) was of a pro-Catholic and anti-Serbian character language and writing, it was manifested through annulling of Serbian language in the domain of "Croatian state legislation" and supression, prohibition and persecution of Serbian Cyrillic script. On the other hand, Serbian approach to Yugoslavism (T. Pavlovic, J. Subotic etc) was a tolerant one: the lingual diversity of the south Slavic peoples opposing the need for their co-operation. By the beginning of the 20th century the Croatian variant of Yugoslavism (with its three-tribal nation concept) prevailed over the Serbian one and became the grounding ideology for the new, common state. Its lingual union basing on the domination of the eastern ? ekavian ? pronunciation variant (from the Serbian language) and Latin letters (from the Croatian) was disadvantageous to both spoken and written Serbian language: the Serbs have accepted Latin writing and the Croats have never accepted the so-called eastern pronunciation. The consequences have not for diminished the Serbian Cyrillic script with the decline of the Yugoslav ideology (which was first abandoned by the Croats) nor with the falling apart of the Yugoslav state.

scholarly journals WORLD EXPERIENCE OF FRANCHISING RELATIONS

Management ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Nataliia V. Kulak
Keyword(s):  
Business Development ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Business Partnerships ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Synthesis System ◽  
Business Market ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Structural Methods

Introduction and purpose of the study. The domestic business market requires effective development measures. Increasing the investment attractiveness of domestic enterprises depends more on the favorable legal climate of the country and the timing of return on investment. Franchising plays the role of an effective tool to accelerate business development and expansion and at the same time ensure a rapid return to investors on their investments. Important for creating the conditions necessary for the development of domestic entrepreneurship is the introduction of measures that would enhance the use of franchising. Leveraging the experience of franchising countries should help Ukrainian businesses gain constructive guidance on using franchising as a tool to start, expand, and improve their business.The hypothesis of scientific research basically contains a system of scientific provisions and principles of business development, which substantiate the availability of effective tools that can create the necessary conditions for improving the investment climate of the country and increase the productivity of business activity.Research methods: general methods of scientific knowledge, such as methods of unity of analysis and synthesis, system-structural methods, methods of generalization and prediction, methods of interrelation of theoretical and practical aspects of research.Results: Based on the generalization of the analysis of economic indicators of the investment attractiveness of the markets of the leading countries of the world and Ukraine due to the use of franchising in business activity, the presence in Ukraine of promising franchising sectors of the national economy has been proved. Recommendations have been developed on the strategy of actions aimed at creating a favorable climate for franchising.Conclusions: Franchising is a business model based on business partnerships, which provides entrepreneurs with the opportunity to start, develop and expand business through the resources of partners. The analysis of economic indicators of the effectiveness of the investment attractiveness of the markets of franchising countries shows the positive experience and the existing potential of using the franchising for the development of the economy of Ukraine.

The Great Reform and the Fate of Capitalism in Russia (On the 150th Anniversary of the Emancipation Reform)

2011 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
In The Beginning

The paper deals with the problem of the establishment of capitalism in Russia in the late 19 - early 20th centuries. Using a wide array of historical research and documents the author argues that the thesis on the advanced state of capitalism in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century does not stand up to historical scrutiny, and the role of the famous Emancipation reform of 1861 appears to be of limited importance.

‘Wheels have been set in motion’: Geocentrism and Relativity in Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Campos
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Quantum Uncertainty ◽  
Galilean Relativity ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
20Th Century Physics ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Do So

By decentring our reading of Hamlet, Stoppard’s tragicomedy questions the legitimacy of centres and of stable frames of reference. So Liliane Campos examines how Stoppard plays with the physical and cosmological models he finds in Hamlet, particularly those of the wheel and the compass, and gives a new scientific depth to the fear that time is ‘out of joint’. In both his play and his own film adaptation, Stoppard’s rewriting gives a 20th-century twist to these metaphors, through references to relativity, indeterminacy, and the role of the observer. When they refer to the uncontrollable wheels of their fate, his characters no longer describe the destruction of order, but uncertainty about which order is at work, whether heliocentric or geocentric, random or tragic. When they express their loss of bearings, they do so through the thought experiments of modern physics, from Galilean relativity to quantum uncertainty, drawing our attention to shifting frames of reference. Much like Schrödinger’s cat, Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are both dead and alive. As we observe their predicament, Campos argues, we are placed in the paradoxical position of the observer in 20th-century physics, and constantly reminded that our time-specific relation to the canon inevitably determines our interpretation.

Artificial intelligence and the management transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612
Author(s):  
L.F. Nikulin ◽  
V.V. Velikorossov ◽  
S.A. Filin ◽  
A.B. Lanchakov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
And Training

Subject. The article discusses how management transforms as artificial intelligence gets more important in governance, production and social life. Objectives. We identify and substantiate trends in management transformation as artificial intelligence evolves and gets more important in governance, production and social life. The article also provides our suggestions for management and training of managers dealing with artificial intelligence. Methods. The study employs methods of logic research, analysis and synthesis through the systems and creative approach, methodology of technological waves. Results. We analyzed the scope of management as is and found that threats and global challenges escalate due to the advent of artificial intelligence. We provide the rationale for recognizing the strategic culture as the self-organizing system of business process integration. We suggest and substantiate the concept of soft power with reference to strategic culture, which should be raised, inter alia, through the scientific school of conflict studies. We give our recommendations on how management and training of managers should be improved in dealing with artificial intelligence as it evolves. The novelty hereof is that we trace trends in management transformation as the role of artificial intelligence evolves and growth in governance, production and social life. Conclusions and Relevance. Generic solutions are not very effective for the Russian management practice during the transition to the sixth and seventh waves of innovation. Any programming product represents artificial intelligence, which simulates a personality very well, though unable to substitute a manager in motivating, governing and interacting with people.

The investment activity of Russian business: Relationships with corporate income tax burden

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 800-823
Author(s):  
A.A. Razuvaeva ◽  
N.V. Pokrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Tax Benefits

Subject. This article assesses the role of tax incentives for the Russian business' investment behavior. Objectives. The article aims to identify the relationship between the corporate income tax burden as an indicator responding to tax benefits application and the investment activities of Russian companies. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, and the systems approach. The analysis covers the period from 2012 to 2018. The data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, Federal Tax Service of Russia, and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation are the source of information for analysis. Results. The article summarizes the characteristics of the investment activity of the Russian business. However, the article does not reveal any obvious relationship between the income tax burden and the investment activity of the Russian business in the 2010s. There is also no link found between fixed investment and return on assets. Conclusions. The increase in income tax burden in the late 2010s, accompanied by a decrease in profitability, poses a threat to the active investment development of Russian organizations.

US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.

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