scholarly journals Shaoxing breed duck polymorphism by microsatellite loci

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (84) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Chepiha ◽  
S. O. Kostenko ◽  
M. S. Doroshenko ◽  
P. V. Korol ◽  
O. M. Konoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity

Microsatellite markers are now been widely used for the detection and description of micropopulation processes occurring in the populations of domestic animals for the effects of various factors of breeding pressure. Microsatellite loci distributed throughout eukaryotic genomes, making them the preferred genetic marker for high resolution genetic mapping. In recent years, rapid advances have been made in the development of molecular genetic maps. High-density linkage maps are now available for many farm animals, such as cattle, pigs, and goats. In contrast, mapping studies in avian species are much less advanced except in the chicken. According to FAO about 70% of ducks are bred in China. This country is a leader in growing ducks. The Shaoxing breed is one of the three major duck breeds in China. Ducks of this breed are characterized by high performance. According to the Bureau of Product Quality, the age of maturity (the beginning of egg laying) in these birds occurs at 130–140 days. The characteristics of the Shaoxing breed include the fact that the peak period of laying eggs lasts from eight to ten months. On average, one duck in 500 days gives from 290 to 310 eggs, which is one of the highest rates for egg breeds. That is why the purpose of our study was the microsatellite analysis of two populations of Shaoxing breed with 9 locuses was conducted. The selection of birds for the study were carried out on a duck farms in Zhejiang Generation Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhuji Guowei Poultry Development Co, Ltd., and at the laboratory of the Jjejiang Academy of Sciences Institute. Samples collection and  DNA  preparation: Venous blood  samples  were  collected  from 480 ducks (240 ducks of population I and 240 ducks of population II of the Shaoxing breeds)  of  both populations  into  3  ml  tubes  containing  EDTA  as anticoagulant agent. In total of 9 investigated loci in the Shaoxing breed population, only one locus was monomorphic (SMO10). The number of different alleles (Na) for each polymorphic locus ranged from 2 (SMO12) to 13 (APL79, CMO11) in population I and from 2 (APL78, SMO12) to 7 (APL79) in population II. On average, one locus had 5.889 alleles in population I and 3.889 of alleles in the population II. The effective number of alleles (Nе) was 1.735 in population I and 1.599 in population II. The number of alleles and the expected heterozygosity (Hexp) values can provide important information for the discrimination of individuals and breeds. The index of expected heterozygosity in population I was 0.336 and 0.307 in population II. The information index (I) was 0,702 in population I and 0,576 in population II. For each population was found private alleles, in population I 6 alleles and in population II just 4 alleles. The results show high level of polymorphism of the studied populations of ducks. The obtained results can be used in the creation of new lines of ducks.

scholarly journals Usage of microsatellite loci linked with E genes, for identification and certification of soybean varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
D. O. Zharikova ◽  
E. O. Aksyonova ◽  
G. O. Chebotar ◽  
S. V. Chebotar
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gels ◽  
Genetic Formula ◽  
Genetic Analyzer

Aim. To investigate the molecular genetic polymorphism of soybean varieties created in different breeding centers of Ukraine by the loci Satt100, Satt229, Satt319, Satt354, Satt365, Sat_038 and to determine whether differentiation, identification and certification of varieties based on MS-analysis on listed loci can be used. Methods. DNA extraction, SSR-PCR, electrophoresis in 7% polyacrylamide gels and on ABI PRISM® Genetic Analyzer 3500 (Applied Biosystems), cluster analysis UPGMA. Results. In general, 28 alleles were detected. The most polymorphic locus was Satt365 − 6 alleles per locus. We did not detect heterozygous plants and heterogeneous soy varieties for studied loci. Conclusions. All varieties have been clearly differentiated on the dendrogram, that allows to offer an individual genetic formula for each of the varieties and recommend these microsatellite markers for use in the certification and registration of soy varieties. Keywords: soybean, molecular genetic polymorphism, microsatellite loci.

Development of Microsatellite Loci Exhibiting Reverse Ascertainment Bias and a Sexing Marker for use in Emperor Geese (Chen Canagica)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg C. Gravley ◽  
George K. Sage ◽  
Joel A. Schmutz ◽  
Sandra L. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Ascertainment Bias ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Branta Bernicla ◽  
Black Brant ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Cackling Geese ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Goose Species

The Alaskan population of Emperor Geese ( Chen canagica) nests on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta in western Alaska. Numbers of Emperor Geese in Alaska declined from the 1960s to the mid-1980s and since then, their numbers have slowly increased. Low statistical power of microsatellite loci developed in other waterfowl species and used in previous studies of Emperor Geese are unable to confidently assign individual identity. Microsatellite loci for Emperor Goose were therefore developed using shotgun amplification and next-generation sequencing technology. Forty-one microsatellite loci were screened and 14 were found to be polymorphic in Emperor Geese. Only six markers – a combination of four novel loci and two loci developed in other waterfowl species – are needed to identify an individual from among the Alaskan Emperor Goose population. Genetic markers for identifying sex in Emperor Geese were also developed. The 14 novel variable loci and 15 monomorphic loci were screened for polymorphism in four other Arctic-nesting goose species, Black Brant ( Branta bernicla nigricans), Greater White-fronted ( Anser albifrons), Canada ( B. canadensis) and Cackling ( B. hutchinsii) Goose. Emperor Goose exhibited the smallest average number of alleles (3.3) and the lowest expected heterozygosity (0.467). Greater White-fronted Geese exhibited the highest average number of alleles (4.7) and Cackling Geese the highest expected heterozygosity (0.599). Six of the monomorphic loci were variable and able to be characterised in the other goose species assayed, a predicted outcome of reverse ascertainment bias. These findings fail to support the hypothesis of ascertainment bias due to selection of microsatellite markers.

scholarly journals Constructing Large-Scale Genetic Maps Using an Evolutionary Strategy Algorithm

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 2269-2282
Author(s):  
D Mester ◽  
Y Ronin ◽  
D Minkov ◽  
E Nevo ◽  
A Korol
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Optimization ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Group A ◽  
The One

Abstract This article is devoted to the problem of ordering in linkage groups with many dozens or even hundreds of markers. The ordering problem belongs to the field of discrete optimization on a set of all possible orders, amounting to n!/2 for n loci; hence it is considered an NP-hard problem. Several authors attempted to employ the methods developed in the well-known traveling salesman problem (TSP) for multilocus ordering, using the assumption that for a set of linked loci the true order will be the one that minimizes the total length of the linkage group. A novel, fast, and reliable algorithm developed for the TSP and based on evolution-strategy discrete optimization was applied in this study for multilocus ordering on the basis of pairwise recombination frequencies. The quality of derived maps under various complications (dominant vs. codominant markers, marker misclassification, negative and positive interference, and missing data) was analyzed using simulated data with ∼50-400 markers. High performance of the employed algorithm allows systematic treatment of the problem of verification of the obtained multilocus orders on the basis of computing-intensive bootstrap and/or jackknife approaches for detecting and removing questionable marker scores, thereby stabilizing the resulting maps. Parallel calculation technology can easily be adopted for further acceleration of the proposed algorithm. Real data analysis (on maize chromosome 1 with 230 markers) is provided to illustrate the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals Transcriptional responses in jejunum of two layer chicken strains following variations in dietary calcium and phosphorus levels

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Reyer ◽  
Michael Oster ◽  
Siriluck Ponsuksili ◽  
Nares Trakooljul ◽  
Adewunmi O. Omotoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Mineral Homeostasis ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Background Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are essential nutrients that are linked to a large array of biological processes. Disturbances in Ca and P homeostasis in chickens are associated with a decline in growth and egg laying performance and environmental burden due to excessive P excretion rates. Improved utilization of minerals in particular of P sources contributes to healthy growth while preserving the finite resource of mineral P and mitigating environmental pollution. In the current study, high performance Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and Lohmann Brown (LB) hens at peak laying performance were examined to approximate the consequences of variable dietary Ca and P supply. The experimental design comprised four dietary groups with standard or reduced levels of either Ca or P or both (n = 10 birds per treatment group and strain) in order to stimulate intrinsic mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. Jejunal transcriptome profiles and the systemic endocrine regulation of mineral homeostasis were assessed (n = 80). Results Endogenous mechanisms to maintain mineral homeostasis in response to variations in the supply of Ca and P were effective in both laying hen strains. However, the LSL and LB appeared to adopt different molecular pathways, as shown by circulating vitamin D levels and strain-specific transcriptome patterns. Responses in LSL indicated altered proliferation rates of intestinal cells as well as adaptive responses at the level of paracellular transport and immunocompetence. Endogenous mechanisms in LB appeared to involve a restructuring of the epithelium, which may allow adaptation of absorption capacity via improved micro-anatomical characteristics. Conclusions The results suggest that LSL and LB hens may exhibit different Ca, P, and vitamin D requirements, which have so far been neglected in the supply recommendations. There is a demand for trial data showing the mechanisms of endogenous factors of Ca and P homeostasis, such as vitamin D, at local and systemic levels in laying hens.

Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) in Internal Jugular Venous Blood of Migraine without aura Patients Assessed during Migraine Attacks

Cephalalgia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 623-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sarchielli ◽  
A Alberti ◽  
F Coppola ◽  
A Baldi ◽  
B Gallai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Catheter Insertion ◽  
Reverse Phase Hplc ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
Radioimmunoassay Method

The aim of the study was to verify the production of PAF and the activity of PAF acetyl-hydrolase (PAF-AH), the enzyme involved in the catabolism of this phospholipid mediator, in migraine attacks. Their levels were determined during migraine crises in serial samples of internal jugular venous blood taken from five migraine patients without aura, who were admitted to the hospital during the crises. Internal jugular venous blood samples were taken immediately after catheter insertion at 1, 2, and 4 h after attack onset, and within 2 h from its cessation. PAF was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and determined by radioimmunoassay method. The enzymatic activity of PAF-AH was measured by reverse-phase HPLC, based on the derivatization with 7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carbonylazide. In the internal jugular venous blood of migraine patients without aura (MO), an increase was observed in PAF levels, which was already evident at the time of catheter insertion (885.6 ± 82.8) and at the first hour (868.4 ± 65.24) (ANOVA: P < 0.0001). PAF levels remained elevated through the second (746.8 ± 82.95), fourth (700.6 ± 34.93) and sixth hours (644.4 ± 42.85), and then decreased at the end of the attack, reaching levels significantly lower than those measured at the time of catheter insertion (565.5 ± 38.34). The activity of PAF-AH showed an opposite trend with higher values at the first hour and significantly lower values at the second and fourth hours from the beginning of the migraine attack (ANOVA: P < 0.02). The increased production of PAF may account for persistent platelet activation during migraine crises, even in the presence of an increased production of nitric oxide (NO) end-products which, on the other hand, should instead intervene in counteracting and limiting platelet activation. Potential sources of PAF production are the endothelial cells from cerebral vessels, stimulated by trigeminal neuropeptides, platelets themselves, and mast cells, as suggested by the neurogenic inflammation model.

scholarly journals Perspectives for rare earth elements as feed additive in livestock — A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hujaz Tariq ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Srobana Sarkar ◽  
Lamella Ojha ◽  
Ravi Prakash Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Safe Alternative

There is a need for newer feed additives due to legal prohibition on inclusion of growth promoting antibiotics in livestock diets in several countries due to antimicrobial resistance. In this context, rare earth elements (REE) have gained attention among animal nutritionists as potential growth promoters. Currently, several studies have reported better weight gain, milk production, egg laying capacity and feed conversion efficiency among different breeds of farm animals following supplementation with REE, with however largely inconsistent results. Furthermore, REE supplementation has also shown to improve ruminal fibrolytic and proteolytic activities as well as flavor of meat with negligible residues in edible tissue, however the mechanism behind this action is still unclear. According to existing research, due to their poor absorption and similarity with calcium REE might exert their action locally on gut microbial populations within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Moreover, REE have also shown anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative as well as immune stimulating effects. The present review aims to broaden the knowledge about use of REE as feed additives for livestock and sum up efficacy of REE supplementation on performance and health of animals by comparing the findings. Till date, researches with REE have shown properties that make them a promising, new and safe alternative feed additive but further exploration is recommended to optimize effects and clarify discrepancy of various results before practical proposals can be drafted.

scholarly journals Генотипирование сортов винограда селекции Института «Магарач» на основе анализа аллельного полиморфизма SSR локусов

2019 ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gorislavets ◽  
Vitalii Volodin ◽  
Gennadii Spotar ◽  
Valentina Risovannaya ◽  
Yakov Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Information Value ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Simple Sequence

Обязательными условиями успешного сохранения и использования различных сортов сельскохозяйственных культур является идентификация и контроль генетической изменчивости сортов, для изучения которой используются различные методы, в том числе методы молекулярно-генетического анализа. В связи с быстрым развитием селекции, ежегодно появляются десятки новых сортов винограда, требующих паспортизации. Молекулярные маркеры могут способствовать подбору родительских пар для скрещивания, повышению точности и ускорению селекционного процесса, так как идентификация исходного материала с использованием молекулярных маркеров и анализ результатов скрещивания могут быть выполнены в достаточно короткий период. К наиболее информативным молекулярным маркерам относятся микросателлитные маркеры, основанные на анализе простых повторяющихся повторов (simple sequence repeats, SSR). Анализ полиморфизма SSR локусов позволяет изучить генетическую изменчивость сельскохозяйственных культур на уровне генома. Цель нашего исследования - генотипирование, оценка аллельного разнообразия и ДНК-паспортизация ряда сортов винограда селекции Института «Магарач» на основе SSR анализа. Основной метод, использованный в работе, - полимеразная цепная реакция (ПЦР) и фрагментный анализ продуктов ПЦР на генетическом анализаторе ABI 3130. В результате фрагментного анализа были генотипированы 8 селекционных сортов Института «Магарач» по 9 ядерным микросателлитным локусам (nSSR). Размеры аллелей оценены с помощью программы Gene Mapper v. 4.0. Полиморфизм микросателлитных локусов и генетическое разнообразие рассчитано с использованием программы Popgene (v. 1.32). Сравнительный анализ nSSR профилей ДНК изученных сортов позволил установить, что все сорта имеют уникальные профили. Всего идентифицировано 69 аллелей, среднее число аллелей - 7,67 аллелей/локус. На основании размеров аллелей составлены индивидуальные молекулярно-генетические паспорта в соответствии с международными стандартами.Identification and control of genetic variation of different varieties of agricultural crops enter as prerequisites for their efficient conservation and use. Genetic variation is investigated by means of a wide set of methods, including those relying on molecular-genetic analysis. Every year, dozens of new breedings of grapevine come into being, and their passportization is necessary. Molecular markets can promote selection of parent pairs for crossing, improve efficiency of breeding and accelerate the process as enable both identification of the initial material and analysis of crossing results to be done in a sufficiently short period of time. The highest information value is associated with microsatellite markers consisting of simple sequence repeats (SSR). Analysis of polymorphism of SSR loci allows to investigate genetic variation of agricultural crops at the level of genome. The goals of the study were to conduct genotyping of a number of grape breedings developed by the Institute Magarach, to assess their allelic diversity and to achieve DNA passportization based on SSR analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragment analysis of PCR products with the use of a genetic analizer ABI 3130 were the main methods the study relied upon. As a result of the aforesaid analysis, eight new breedings of the Institute were genotyped for nine nuclear microsatellite loci (nSSR). The sizes of alleles were assessed using Gene Mapper v. 4.0 software. Popgene (v. 1.32) software was used to calculate polymorphism of microsatellite loci and genetic diversity. A comparative nSSR-analysis of DNA-profiles of the study varieties indicated that all of them had unique profiles. A total of 69 alleles were identified, with 7.67 alleles per locus on an average. Based on the sizes of the alleles, individual molecular-genetic passports of the varieties were made, in accordance with international standards.

scholarly journals Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci in the Independent-founding Wasp Polists versicolor (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Yumi Takahashi ◽  
Ayano Yamada ◽  
Sidnei Mateus ◽  
Ronaldo Zucchi ◽  
Fabio Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Microsatellite Primers ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Polistes Wasps ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Genetic Conflicts ◽  
Data Banks

Microsatellite primers developed for a given species are sometimes useful for another in the same genus, making possible to search for pre-existing suitable primers in the data banks such as GenBank. We examined whether existing primers developed for Polistes wasps could be used for the independent-founding wasp Polistes versicolor. We tested 50 microsatellite primers from three Polistes species and found that five microsatellite loci show polymorphism in size in P. versicolor. These five loci were highly polymorphic, having four to 10 alleles in P. versicolor with an expected heterozygosity of 0.530–0.836. These loci can be used to study parameters concerning genetic relatedness such as social interactions in colonies and genetic conflicts of interest among nestmate individuals.

Orientation and integration of the classical and molecular genetic maps of chromosome 11 in rice

Euphytica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. P. Abenes ◽  
R. E. Tabien ◽  
S. R. McCouch ◽  
R. Ikeda ◽  
P. Ronald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Chromosome 11
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