scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytoseiidae mites and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on the control of Tetranychus urticae in Carica papaya L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Yuri Mercedes Mena ◽  
Nora Cristina Mesa ◽  
Alexander Escobar ◽  
Santiago Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Valle Del Cauca

In order to evaluate the establishment and biological effectivenessof the predators Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus californicus and Chrysoperla carnea on populations of Tetranychus urticae, a trial was established at the farm “La Pola” (with a cumulative precipitation of 445.9 mm), located in the municipality of Roldanillo, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Anexperiment was performed under field conditions between September 2017 and May 2018 and using the papaya hybrid Tainung-1 between the stages of vegetative growth and fruit filling. Four treatments were established: T1: 12 releases of P. persimilis and N. californicus; T2: 10 releases of C. carnea; T3: treatment with no predator releases (control); and T4: grower’s practice (15 applications of pesticides) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment. Samples were collected every eight days by measuring the following variables: infestation percentage, number of fruits/plant, population of T. urticae, P. persimilis, N. californicus, and C. carnea/leaf and the diameter of the stem (every 30 d). The largest T. urticae populations were found in T3 and the lowest ones in T4. The populations of immature and adult T. urticae did not show significant differences between T1 and T2 but there were significant differences between T3 and T4. The variables diameter of the stem, number of leaves per plant, percentage of infestation, and number of fruits per plant showed significant differences between treatments. The T1 and T2 were equal to T3. T4 had the highest number of leaves and fruits per plant. The released predators did not control the populations of the mite T. urticae under the conditions of the present experiment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of improved hermaphrodite papaya (Carica papaya L.) varieties at Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
G Fikre ◽  
A Mensa
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Better Than

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the adaptability of newly released papaya varieties at Chano Mille research site of Arba Minch Agricultural Research Center during 2019-2020 cropping seasons. The three hermaphrodite papaya varieties namely; Braz-HS1, Koka-HM1 and Meki-HL1 were used for the study and laid-out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. Data on yield and yield components were collected and analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) through Statistical Analytics System software. The ANOVA results revealed that there were significant variations among papaya varieties for the studied parameters. Significantly, the highest number of fruits plant-1, number of leaves and fruit yield were obtained from Braz-HS1 papaya variety. The fruit yield of Braz-HS1 variety was 46% higher than that of Koka-HM1. In general, Braz-HS1 papaya variety performed (in terms of number of fruits and fruit yield) better than the rest two varieties. Thus, Braz-HS1 papaya variety could be recommended for the papaya growers in the study area and vicinity with similar agro-ecology. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 69-71, Dec 2021

scholarly journals PENGARUH DOSIS PAKLOBUTRAZOL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianthus annuus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Laras Ayu Kinasih ◽  
Elfarisna Elfarisna
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

ABSTRAKTanaman bunga matahari pada umumnya masih dibudidayakan di lahan luas dan masih sedikit yang membudidayakannya dalam pot. Beragamnya jenis bunga matahari yang ditanam membuat orang untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan tanaman tersebut. Salah satunya dengan pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh yaitu Paklobutrazol. Paklobutrazol merupakan jenis retardan yang digunakan untuk mempercepat pembungaan serta menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis Paklobutrazol yang tepat untuk menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman bunga matahari. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2019 di Jalan Parakan, Pamulang Permai 2, Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, yaitu P0 = kontrol, P1 = 50 mL/polibag, P2 = 100 mL/polibag, P3 =  150 mL/polibag, P4 = 200 mL/polibag, dan P5 = 250 mL/polibag dengan konsentrasi 50 ppm. Variabel yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, jumlah ruas, jumlah cabang dan ranting, umur berbunga, diameter bunga primer, jumlah biji dan berat biji. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan : Pemberian Paklobutrazol dengan berbagai dosis memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata umur 6 sampai 11 MST pada tinggi tanaman bunga matahari tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata pada pengamatan lainnya. Perlakuan Paklobutrazol dosis 250 mL/polibag memberikan pengaruh yang terbaik dalam menekan tinggi tanaman dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol.Kata kunci: Bunga matahari, paklobutrazol, dosisABSTRACTSunflower plants in general are still cultivated on vast grounds and still few are cultivating them in pots. The variety of the planted sunflowers makes people to optimize the growth of these crops. One of them with the provision of growing regulatory substances is Paklobutrazol. The liquid paklobutrazole used to accelerate the flowering and inhibit the growth of plants. The research aims for the proper Kokoro Paklobutrazol dosage to inhibit the growth of sunflower plants. Research conducted in February to June 2019 in Parakan Street, Pamulang Permai 2, South Tangerang. The study uses the randomized complete Block  design (RCBD) with 6 treatments and 4 replication, i.e. P0 = control, P1 = 50 mL/polybag, P2 = 100 mL/polybag, P3 = 150 mL/polybag, P4 = 200 mL/polybag, and P5 = 250 mL/polybag with a concentration of 50 ppm. The observed variable is height of the plant, diameter of the stem, number of leaves, number of sections, number of branches and ranting, age of flowering, Diameter of primary flowers, number of seeds and seed weight. The results of the study can be concluded: the administration of paklobutrazole with a variety of doses gives a very noticeable effect of 6 to 11 WAP on high sunflower plants but has no noticeable effect on other observations. Paklobutrazol treatment Dose 250 mL/Polybag gives the best influence in the high pressing of the plant compared to the treatment control.Keywords: Sunflower, paclobutrazol, doses

scholarly journals Effect of Zinc and Boron on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Md. Ashabul Hoque ◽  
Md. Rasal-Monir ◽  
Sumya Fatima ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Fruit Diameter

The study was carried out to find out the effect of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on growth and yield of okra (BARI Dherosh 1). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments of the experiment were, T0 (without Zn or B), T1 (20 kg Zn ha-1), T2 (30 kg Zn ha-1), T3 (10 kg B ha-1), T4 (20 kg B ha-1), T5 (20 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1), T6 (20 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1), T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1) and T8 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1) were undertaken to evaluate the best results of the study. The highest plant height was found in T8 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 20 kg B ha-1) but the highest number of leaves plant-1 was recorded from T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1). On the other hand, the maximum leaf area index, SPAD value, mean fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit dry matter (%), number of fruits plant-1, fresh fruit weight plant-1 , fruit yield plot-1 and fruit yield ha-1 were found in T7 (30 kg Zn ha-1 + 10 kg B ha-1), while the control (T0) showed lowest performance for the respected parameters. It is strongly concluded that 30 kg Zn ha-1 with 10 kg B ha-1 combination may be helpful for okra cultivation in the field level to increase okra production.

scholarly journals Effect of Seeding Rate On Growth And Yield Of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculantus) In Zuru Northern Guinea Savanna Of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanna J, A. ◽  
Muhammad A, M.
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Resource Space ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
The Mean

Field experiment was carried out during 2010 rainy season to find the effect of seeding rate on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmuschus esculentus) in Zuru Northern Guinea Savannah. Zuru is located in Zuru Local government area of Kebbi State (Latitude 11o 251 to 11o 551 North and Longitude 4o 51 to 5o 251 East of the equator). The experiment consisted of three treatments that is planting okra at one plant per stand (S1), two plants per stand (S2) and three plants per stand (S3). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and the treatments replicated three time. The result of the experiment has shown that plant height and number of leaves/plant at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after planting (    WAP) were significantly influenced by seeding rate (P<0.05). At 3, 6 and 9 WAP tallest plants were obtained from okra plants planted at three plants/stand (27.83, 54.0 and 77.0cm) respectively followed by okra planted at two plant/stand (24.77, 50.67 and 74.33 leave/plant respectively ). However, more number of leaves/plant were obtained from okra plant at one plant/stand (9.67, 24.67 and 48.0 leaves/plant respectively) followed by okra planted at two plants/stand (8.33, 18.33 and 36.33 leaves/plant respectively). Seeding rate had significant influence on time of 50 percent flowering with one plant/stand first attaining 50 percent flowering stage just within 36.33 days followed by okra planted at two plants/stand (38 days). The mean fresh fruit yield of okra was also significantly influenced by seeding rate with the highest yield of fresh fruits obtained from three plants/stand (83.34/ha) followed by okra planted at two plants/stand (55.56/ha). However, the result of the findings recommends that, okra should be planted at two plants/stand for medium sized and marketable okra fresh fruits since at three plants/stand leads to the production of undersized fresh fruits which do not often attract customers. At one plant/stand, there seemed to be early fruiting and bigger sized fresh fruits but low total yield due to underutilization of land resource/space. Planting at one plant/stand should therefore be avoided

scholarly journals Growth Performance of Lettuce Using Fermented Products as Organic Fertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Kareen Lynn E. Negado
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fermented Products

This study evaluates the growth performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) utilizing various fermented products as organic fertilizers. Growth performance is determined through the plant’s weight and leaves and significant differences in growth among various treatments: (a) fish trash, (b) scrap seaweeds, (c) kangkong, and control groups urea (positive) and water (negative) was also determined. Kangkong leaves are fermented for 10 days, fish trash for 14 days and 1 month for seaweeds. Lettuce seeds are sown before transplanting (15 days after germination) into pots and placed in raised beds. Randomized complete block design is utilized in the experiment. Growth performance is measured through the number of leaves 10, 20, and 30 days after transplant and mass of plant upon harvest. After 30 days, the lettuce was harvested. Based on the findings, the soil and fermented products are acidic and the needed organic matter for optimum growth of lettuce are not sufficient as well as some nutrients of the fermented products. Among the organic fertilizers, kangkong at 30 ml performs best in terms of the growth performance of lettuce. Urea performs best in terms of the mass upon harvest. Significant differences exist in the mean number of leaves of lettuce treated with various amounts of organic fertilizers with the plants that receive urea. Lettuce produce more number of leaves and with the highest mass upon harvest when treated with urea compared with organic fertilizers applied after 30 days from transplant. Keywords: fermented kangkong; fish trash; growth performance; lettuce; scrap seaweeds

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Varieties as Influnced by Nitrogen Levels in Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Santosh Lohani ◽  
Moha Dutta Sharma ◽  
Shree Chandra Shah ◽  
Arjun Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Better Than

An experiment was conducted to assess the performance of sweet pepper varieties as influenced by nitrogen levels from August 2014 to February 2015 at Mangalpur, Chitwan. The experiment was laid out in two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications having sixteen treatments. Varieties and levels of nitrogen significantly affected growth, yield and qualitative parameters of fruits. Hybrid Indra and NS 632 performed better than open pollinated varieties viz. Sagar and California Wonder. Days to fifty percent flowering of NS 632 were earlier than California Wonder. Indra variety had the highest plant height (52.18 cm), number of secondary branches per plant (13.51) from 250 kg N/ha through chemical fertilizer while number of leaves per plant was higher in NS 632 variety (57.22) than Sagar variety (47.37). Indra variety showed the highest fruit weight (87.59 g) and total yield (39.45 t/ha) but NS 632 variety produced more number of fruits per plant (9.25) than California Wonder variety. This study showed that sweet pepper yield of hybrid varieties applied with 250 kg N/ha through chemical fertilizer was appropriate dose to get optimum yield under Chitwan condition.

scholarly journals PSIV-16 Effect of a 1-monoglyceride, 1,2-diglyceride of butyric-, caproic- and caprilic acid, and Avilamycin on performance and intestinal E. coli when fed to piglets challenged with E. coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Peter Ader
Keyword(s):  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
T1 And T2

Abstract This study examined the effect of 1-monoglycerides and 1,2-diglycerides of butyric-, caproic- and caprylic acid (SILOHealth™ 104L [monoglycerides]) and avilamycin on day 14 and 21 post weaning performance of E. coli (GN-Ent and O157:H7) day 5 challenged piglets fed corn/soy diets that met or exceeded current NRC (2012) recommendations. A total of 96, Choice Genetics CG32, piglets were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (4 piglets/pen x 3 treatments x 8 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and were orally dosed with 5 ml (1x109 CFU/g, strain GN-Ent and O157:H7) E. coli d 5 after weaning (Ec). The treatment were: NC with Ec; T1=NC + 3 kg/MT monoglycerides; T2=NC+ 80 ppm avilamycin. Least significant difference was used to compare means of treatment. Mortalities and pen removals were weighed and recorded. The E. coli infection model was effective in causing E. coli mortality of 25% at d14 post weaning and 33% at d21 post weaning in NC. T1 and T2 reduced mortality versus NC at d14 (25, 3 and 0%, P < 0.05) and d21 (33, 4 and 0%, P < 0.05), increased ADG at d14 (203, 255 and 259 g, P < 0.05) and d21 (456, 511 and 515 g, P < 0.05), decreased FCR at d21 (1.90, 1.85 and 1.83, P < 0.05), and decreased intestinal E. coli, log 10 of CFU/g, versus NC (4.1, 2.2 and 2.1, P < 0.05). Monoglycerides and avilamycin performance, mortality and intestinal E. coli log 10 were not significantly different at P < 0.05. In conclusion, the use of monoglycerides improved ADG, reduced FCR, reduced mortality and reduced intestinal E. coli log 10 at day 14 and 21 post weaning versus NC and monoglycerides were not significant different (P < 0.05) than avilamycin.

scholarly journals Growth of escarole in different seasons of year, RS, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristina Fontana ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
Denise Schmidt ◽  
Daniela Meira ◽  
Thais Pollon Zanatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Santa Maria

The lack of research about escarole cultivars adapted to each region, as well as technical information on plant growth have been some of the factors related to low yields. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of escarole crop in four seasons of year in Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, 1 x 4, being a escarole (cultivar Escorola Lisa®) evaluated in four seasons of year (summer, autumn, winter and spring), in six replications. The evaluations were performed in a destructive manner every seven days, from date of transplant to harvest point. The following components were analyzed: number of leaves, number of residues, dry mass of leaves, dry mass of leaves, stem and residue. Thus, it was determined the parameters for growth analysis. With the data obtained, we performed a variance analysis, and presented significant results, and the means of each season of the year submitted to the Tukey test at 5% of error probability. The air temperature and global radiation influence crop cycle. Lower temperatures and lower incidence of radiation result in cycle extended, as observed in autumn. The escarole growth is influenced by seasons of year in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), and summer and spring finish the cycle in advance to others, presenting a larger leaf area. Summer and spring are most indicated season to escarole crop in RS, Brazil.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
M. H. Rahman ◽  
M. S. Islam ◽  
S. Sonom
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Hybridization Programme

The experiment was conducted with twenty one genotypes of potato at the experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2014 to March 2015 to estimate the genetic variability and diversity among the genotypes. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. All the genotypes varied significantly with each other for all the studied characters indicated the presence of considerable variations among the genotypes studied As per PCA, D2 and clusters analysis the genotypes were grouped into five different clusters. Clusters III had the maximum nine and cluster II and V had the minimum one genotype. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between I and V and the lowest was observed between IV and V. Genotypes in cluster I showed the maximum performance for number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll percentage, weight of individual potato and firmness. Cluster II showed maximum performance for total soluble sugar. Cluster III recorded the highest mean performance for dry matter. Cluster IV showed the maximum performance for number of potato per hill, weight of potato per hill and yield. Cluster V showed the maximum performance for specific gravity. Considering this idea and other characteristic performances, G8 (Shada pakri) and G17 (Shil bilati) from cluster IV; G4 (BARI-TPS-1) from cluster II; and G6 (Asterix), G21 (Granola) , G1 (Cardinal) and G2 (Diamant) from cluster I might be considered better parents for efficient hybridization programme.

Effectiveness of different weed control practices in onion (Allium cepa L.) crop

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nafees ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad ◽  
Maryam ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan ◽  
Muhammad Rashid Shaheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetables in family Alliaceae, which is cultivated worldwide. In onion, weeds are among one of the major concerns which cause its yield reduction. The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of different methods for weed control in onion. In this study, five treatments were selected including control, black polythene mulch sheet, white polythene mulch sheet, Dual Gold spray @ 9.0 mL L-1 and Preact spray @ 7.5 mL L-1 to control weeds. The weedicides were applied as pre-emergence sprays before transplanting the seedlings. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. From the results, it was concluded that there were significant differences among the studied weed control treatments. Among the five treatments, greater plant height (33.0 cm), number of leaves per plant (8), bulb diameter (4.7 cm) and bulb weight (73 g) were observed in the ridges covered with black mulch sheet. However, the minimum weed biomass (fresh and dry) was recorded in black mulch sheet and Preact pre-emergence weedicide spray (140 and 80 g in both). Thus, black polythene sheet as mulching material was found better option for weed management in onion fields.

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