scholarly journals Investigation of Grain Movement Parameters in the Liquid of the Device for Removing Ergot

2019 ◽  
pp. 248-264
Author(s):  
Vasily A Sysuev ◽  
Viktor Е. Saitov ◽  
Vyacheslav G. Farafonov ◽  
Aleksey V. Saitov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Experimental Values

Introduction.When harvesting grain crops, various trash and harmful impurities come to the combine bunker together with grains. These harmful impurities include egot sclerotia, which are poisonous. Various modern grain cleaning machines do not provide for complete separation of ergot sclerotia from grains, because of the closeness of their linear dimensions (width, thickness and length) and speed of soaring. Cleaning seeds from ergot sclerotia having the density less than density of grain, is possible in an aqueous solution of salt. For the mechanization of the allocation of sclerotium ergot from rye seeds by a wet method, the urgent issue is the development of a device for cleaning grain material. Materials and Methods.The immersion of separately taken rye grains in water (ρzh = 1,0 ∙ 103 kg/m3) and aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) with density ρzh = 1,09 ∙ 103 kg/m3 and 1,15 ∙ 103 kg/m3. The ellipsoid is taken as the geometric model of the grains. Theoretical studies were performed for the grain density ρz from 1,2 ∙ 103 kg/m3 to 1,5 ∙ 103 kg/m3, lengths lz from 5,0 ∙ 10–3 m to 10,0 ∙ 10–3 m, width b from 1,4 ∙ 10–3 m to 3,6 ∙ 10–3 m, and thickness δ from 1,2 ∙ 10–3 m to 3,5 ∙ 10–3 m based on the methods of mathematical modelling using the laws of hydrodynamics. For practical experiments, there was chosen the gains of the winter rye variety Falenskaya 4 having the gain density ρz from 1,1 ∙ 103 kg/m3 to 1,3 ∙ 103 kg/m3, length lz from 5,0 ∙ 10–3 m to 8,0 ∙ 10–3 m, width b from 1,4 ∙ 10–3 m to 3,6 ∙ 10–3 m, and thickness δ from 1,2 ∙ 10–3 m to 3,5 ∙ 10–3 m. Results. The speed ʋz and duration tп of grain immersion in liquids are main parameters taken into account when developing a machine for cleaning the grain material from ergot sclerotia with a wet method. The values of these quantities determine the structural and technological parameters of the machine under developing. To determine these parameters, it is necessary to take into account the geometric shapes of the grains, which have a large variety. An ellipsoid with a small 2cz = δ, an average 2bz = b and a large 2az = lz axes is proposed as the closest to the shape of the grain. From the basic law of the dynamics of the grain movement in liquids of various densities ρzh a formula was obtained for determining its velocity, the calculated values for which are consistent with the experimental data obtained. Discussion and Conclusion. It is established that the calculated values of the speed of grain immersion in liquids of different density are comparable with the experimental values of the same order. They are close and differ by no more than 10 %. This approach to determining the speed of grain immersion in a liquid can be used in developing a machine for cleaning a grain material with the wet method to substantiate its structural and technological parameters.

scholarly journals Analysis of the process of immersion of kernels in liquids with different specific mass

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Saitov ◽  
V. G. Farafonov ◽  
A. V. Saitov
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Experimental Values

In a grain pile there is material other than grain including poisonous ergot sclerotia. Grain and sclerotia of ergot by linear dimensions and speed of soaring have similar characteristics. Complete separation of grain from ergot by these properties in a single process is impossible. Cleaning seeds from ergot sclerotia with the specific mass less than the specific mass of grain is possible in a salt solution. To mechanize the separation of ergot sclerotia from rye seeds by the wet method, there is an urgent need in the development of an appropriate device. Under study was an immersion in water (ρzh = 1.0∙103 kg/m3 ) and aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) with a specific mass ρzh = 1.09∙103 and 1.15∙103 kg/m3 of individual rye grains with their specific mass ρz = 1.2...1.5∙103 kg/m3 , length lz = 5.0...10.0 10-3 m, width в = 1.4...3.6∙10-3 m and thickness δ = 1.2...3.5∙10-3 m. Theoretical studies were carried out on the basis of mathematical modeling methods using the laws of hydrodynamics, which were confirmed by experimental studies with winter rye grains of the Falenskaya 4 variety with a specific mass ρz = 1.1...1.3 103 kg/m3 , length lz = 5.0...8.0∙10-3 m, width в = 1.4...3.6∙10-3 m and thickness δ = 1.2...3.5∙10-3 m. It has been established that the calculated values of the immersion velocity of cylindrical kernels and spheroidal kernels in comparison with the experimental values in water (ρzh = 1.0∙103 kg/m3 ) is not more than 2%, and in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl) the specific mass ρzh = 1.09∙103 and 1.15∙103 kg/m3 – 7 and 10%, respectively. This approach to determining the speed of immersion of grain in liquid can be used in the development of the machine for cleaning grain according to specific mass using wet method to substantiate its structural and technological parameters.

A novel powder diagrams indexing, using classical geometry

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
M.L. Ettorche ◽  
M. Sebais ◽  
Z. Hammoudi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Geometrical Approach ◽  
Reasonable Time ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Classical Geometry ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Direct Use

Based only on a geometrical approach, we present a technique to index powder diffraction diagrams. This would allow us to find the cell parameters from the experimental data. It is well known that methods proposed in the literature make a direct use of the experimental data to build the cell, whereas our approach exploits them to calculate theoretical values, which could be multiples of two of the three vectors' lengths of the unit cell, and then uses them along with the experimental values. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, several examples, requiring only minor limitations in linear dimensions (<35 Å) and volume (<4500 Å3), are treated. For all considered cases, except the triclinic symmetry that is time consuming, the corresponding FORTRAN routine is executed in a reasonable time (<3 min with a 3 GHz processor).

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE QUALITATIVE GC ANALYSIS OF SOME NON-CHLORINATED XENOBIOTIC CHEMICALS IN WASTE WATERS

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana D. Škrbic ◽  
Mirjana B. Vojinovic-Miloradov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Gc Analysis ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Xenobiotic Chemicals

Gas chromatographic unified retention indices of some chlorinated xenobiotic chemicals, as pollutants in waste waters, on OV-101 and SE-30 stationary phases are presented. These values agree well with the corresponding experimental values used in the statistical treaunent of the experimental data.

scholarly journals An Additive Model to Predict the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Blends Made by Virgin and Reprocessed Components

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Francesco Paolo La Mantia ◽  
Maria Chiara Mistretta ◽  
Vincenzo Titone
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Polypropylene Blends ◽  
Polypropylene Sample

In this work, an additive model for the prediction of the rheological and mechanical properties of monopolymer blends made by virgin and reprocessed components is proposed. A polypropylene sample has been reprocessed more times in an extruder and monopolymer blends have been prepared by simulating an industrial process. The scraps are exposed to regrinding and are melt reprocessed before mixing with the virgin polymer. The reprocessed polymer is, then, subjected to some thermomechanical degradation. Rheological and mechanical experimental data have been compared with the theoretical predictions. The results obtained showed that the values of this simple additive model are a very good fit for the experimental values of both rheological and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Correction and accuracy improvement of non-parallel shear zone model

2018 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Yaoke Wang ◽  
Meng Kou ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Huan Ma ◽  
Liangshan Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
Coordinate Transformation ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Aisi 1045 Steel ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
1045 Steel

When applying the non-parallel shear zone model to predict the cutting process parameters of carbon steel workpiece, it is found that there is a big error between the prediction results and the experimental values. And also, the former approach to obtain the relevant cutting parameters of the non-parallel shear zone model by applying coordinate transformation to the parallel shear zone model has a theoretical error – it erroneously regards the determinant (|J|) of the Jacobian matrix (J) in the coordinate transformation as a constant. The shape of the shear zone obtained when |J| is not constant is drew and it is found that the two boundaries of the shear zone are two slightly curved surfaces rather than two inclined planes. Also, the error between predicted values and experimental values of cutting force and cutting thrust is slightly smaller than that of constant |J|. A corrected model where |J| is a variable is proposed. Since the specific values of inclination of the shear zone (α, β), the thickness coefficient of the shear zone (as) and the constants related to the material (f0, p) are not given in the former work, a method to obtain the above-mentioned five constants by solving multivariable constrained optimization problem based on experimental data was also proposed; based on the obtained experimental data of AISI 1045 steel workpiece cutting force, cutting thrust, chip thickness, the results of five above-mentioned model constants are obtained. It is found that, compared with prediction from uncorrected model, the cutting force and cutting thrust of AISI 1045 steel predicted by the corrected model with the obtained constants has a better agreement with the experimental values obtained by Ivester.

A Theoretical Analysis of CO2 Absorption in Sun Versus Shade Leaves

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Quantitative Estimate ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Temperature Model ◽  
Spongy Mesophyll ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
Shade Leaves

A one-dimensional, steady-state, constant temperature model of diffusion and absorption of CO2 in the intercellular air spaces of a leaf is presented. The model includes two geometrically distinct regions of the leaf interior, corresponding to palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue, respectively. Sun, shade, and intermediate light leaves are modeled by varying the thicknesses of these two regions. Values of the geometric model parameters are obtained by comparing geometric properties of the model with experimental data of other investigators found from dissection of real leaves. The model provides a quantitative estimate of the extent to which the concentration of gaseous CO2 varies locally within the leaf interior.

Study on the Formula of Settling Velocity of Sediment Particle Cloud in the Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Jie Gu ◽  
Dan Qing Ma ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xin Qin ◽  
Xiao Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Sediment Particle ◽  
Particle Cloud ◽  
Characteristic Particle ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Sediment Settling

Based on the experimental data of sediment particle cloud during the settlement process in the water and combined with the existed sediment settling velocity formulae, a new formula for calculation of the settling velocity of sediment particle cloud is proposed by the introduction of the characteristic particle size of sediment particle cloud ( D' ). By using experimentally measured settling velocity values of sediment particle cloud to verify the settling velocity values of sediment particle cloud which calculated by using this new formula, the results show that the calculated settling velocity values using this new formula are closer to the experimental values.

Size Error and Modification of V-Groove in Thermal Microimprint

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Hai Xiong Wang ◽  
Ji Bin Li ◽  
Yong Hu Lv
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Polymer Microstructure ◽  
Promising Technology ◽  
Size Accuracy ◽  
Polymer Viscoelasticity

Thermal microimprint is a promising technology for polymer microstructure, so it is used to form V-groove on the surface of optical devices. However, it is difficult to control the size accuracy of V-groove because of the elastic recovery of polymer. In order to solve the problem, the influencing factors on the polymer elastic recovery were firstly analyzed in this article. Then, it was proposed that the embossment height of mold should be modified according to the depth of V-groove and the modifier formulas should be constructed based on the theory of polymer viscoelasticity. In the end, the optimal technological parameters of thermal microimprint were obtained through the thermal imprint experiments, and the embossment height of the mold after modification was calculated according to the experimental data, and thus a new mold was produced as to verify the accuracy of the modifier formulas. The results showed that the approach of modification could not only ensure dimension accuracy of V-groove, by keeping the error within 1μm, but also shorten the imprint time, consequently the efficiency of thermal microimprint would be improved.

scholarly journals An approach to determine enthalpies of formation for ternary compounds

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Du ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
Y.F. Ouyang ◽  
L.J. Zhang ◽  
Z.H. Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Enthalpies Of Formation ◽  
Calphad Approach ◽  
Miedema Model ◽  
Theoretical Computation ◽  
Ternary Compounds ◽  
Data Yield ◽  
Experimental Values

An integrated approach of experiment and theoretical computation to acquire enthalpies of formation for ternary compounds is described. The enthalpies of formation (DHf ) for Al71Fe19Si10 and Al31Mn6Ni2 are measured via a calorimeter. Miedema model, CALPHAD and first-principles method are employed to calculate DHf for the above compounds and several Al-based ternary compounds. It is found that first-principles generated data yield good agreements with experimental values and thus can be used as key 'experimental data', which are needed for CALPHAD approach.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of the Influence of Tensile Softening of Concrete in Beams under Bending by Numerical Simulations with XFEM and Cohesive Cracks

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Marzec ◽  
Jerzy Bobiński
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Extended Finite Element ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Error Measures ◽  
Rational Bézier Curve ◽  
Initial Fracture ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Tensile Softening

Results of the numerical simulations of the size effect phenomenon for concrete in comparison with experimental data are presented. In-plane geometrically similar notched and unnotched beams under three-point bending are analyzed. EXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) with a cohesive softening law is used. Comprehensive parametric study with the respect to the tensile strength and the initial fracture energy is performed. Sensitivity of the results with respect to the material parameters and the specimen geometry is investigated. Three different softening laws are examined. First, a bilinear softening definition is utilized. Then, an exponential curve is taken. Finally, a rational Bezier curve is tested. An ambiguity in choosing material parameters and softening curve definitions is discussed. Numerical results are compared with experimental outcomes recently reported in the literature. Two error measures are defined and used to quantitatively assess calculated maximum forces (nominal strengths) in comparison with experimental values as a primary criterion. In addition, the force—displacement curves are also analyzed. It is shown that all softening curves produce results consistent with the experimental data. Moreover, with different softening laws assumed, different initial fracture energies should be taken to obtain proper results.

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