scholarly journals Diversidad y patrones de actividad de mamíferos medianos y grandes, en la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, Alajuela, Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (33) ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
Ronald Sánchez Porras ◽  
Liz Brenes Cambronero ◽  
Kevin Chavarría Esquivel ◽  
Yeison Mejías Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Pecari Tajacu

Mediante el método de video trampeo se registraron y analizaron las poblaciones de mamíferos medianos y grandes presentes en el sendero La Fila, dentro de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, Alajuela, Costa Rica. El estudio se llevó a cabo de febrero de 2017 a febrero de 2018, y abarcó dos temporadas (seca y lluviosa). Con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 1 393 días-trampa, se registraron 17 especies de mamíferos pertenecientes a 6 órdenes, 11 familias. El orden Carnívora fue el dominante con ocho especies. Los análisis de diversidad mostraron una riqueza específica de S=17. El índice de Margalef mostró una diversidad alta (seca Dmg=3.18, lluviosa Dmg=2.89), mientras que el índice de Pielou indicó que en ambas temporadas se mantuvo una abundancia de media a alta (seca e=0.63, lluviosa e=0.52). El índice de Shannon-Wiener mostró una diversidad moderada (H´=1.66; seca H´= 1.79, lluviosa H´= 1.46). La prueba de Hutchenson evidencia que el índice de Shannon Wiener es significativo, de tal manera que la época lluviosa difiere de la época seca (t=2.41; p=0.016; gl=351). Se registró un 88.2% de las especies de mamíferos medianos y grandes presentes en el sendero La Fila, con base en los resultados de la curva de acumulación de especies. Según el índice de abundancia relativa obtenido, las especies más abundantes fueron Pecari tajacu (IAR=17.15), Sciurus variegatoides (IAR=2.72) y Leopardus pardalis (IAR=2.01). En términos de patrones de actividad, P. tajacu presentó actividad diurna (7:00-19:00). Sciurus variegatoides tuvo su actividad en horario nocturno (20:00-06:00), L. pardalis presentó actividad nocturna (20:00 - 06:00), crepuscular matutina y vespertina (17:00 - 9:00). La información obtenida en esta investigación puede ser útil para la creación de programas de manejo y conservación de las especies de mamíferos presentes en la ReBAMB, especialmente para aquellas en riesgo.

scholarly journals Abundancia relativa y patrones de actividad de las especies de mamíferos terrestres en el Refugio Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Barra del Colorado, Costa Rica.

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Arroyo-Arce Stephanny Arroyo-Arce ◽  
Ian Thomson ◽  
Roberto Salom-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Tayassu Pecari ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
Tamandua Mexicana

Poca información ha sido generada sobre la biodiversidad del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Barra del Colorado, Costa Rica. En el presente estudio determinamos la abundancia relativa y el patrón de actividad de ciertas especies de mamíferos terrestres. Durante el periodo 2014 se empleamos diez cámaras trampa, las cuales fueron distribuidas dentro del refugio. Después de un total de 1 611 noches de muestreo, se identificaron 15 especies de mamíferos distribuidos en siete órdenes y 11 familias. Las especies más abundantes fueron Dasyprocta punctata, Leopardus pardalis, Tayassu pecari,Mazama temama, Pecari tajacu y Tapirus bairdii, mientras que Tamandua mexicana reportó la menor abundancia. Se estimaron los patrones de actividad para ocho especies, los cuales fueron similares a lo previamente descrito en la literatura. Estudios adicionales son necesarios con el fin de incrementar nuestro conocimiento sobre la biodiversidad del refugio, información que será esencial para el adecuado manejo del área.

scholarly journals Abundancia relativa, diversidad y patrones de actividad de mamíferos terrestres medianos y grandes, sendero Pájaro Sombrilla, Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, Alajuela, Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Sánchez Porras ◽  
Liz Brenes cambonero ◽  
Kevin Chavarría Esquivel ◽  
Yeison Mejías Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Pecari Tajacu

Con el uso de cámaras trampa se registraron y analizaron las poblaciones de mamíferos terrestres medianos y grandes presentes en el sendero Pájaro Sombrilla, dentro de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, Alajuela, Costa Rica. La investigación se realizó desde agosto de 2017 a septiembre de 2018, y abarcó las temporadas seca y lluviosa. Con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 1584 días-trampa, se captaron 21 especies de mamíferos pertenecientes a 7 órdenes y 15 familias. Se registraron 10 especies de carnívoros, este fue el orden más representado. El estudio mostró una riqueza específica de S=21. El índice de Margalef obtuvo una diversidad alta (seca Dmg=2.47, lluviosa Dmg= 3.09), además el índice de Pielou indicó que en ambas temporadas se mantuvo abundancia de media a alta (seca e= 0.69, lluviosa e=0.69). El índice de Shannon-Wiener mostró una diversidad moderada (H´=2.04; seca H´= 1.86, lluviosa H´= 2.03). La prueba de Hutchenson reflejó que el índice de Shannon-Wiener es significativo, así la época lluviosa se diferencia de la época seca (t=1.69; p=0.05; gl=619). Se capturó un 95.45% de las especies terrestres de mamíferos medianos y grandes existentes en el sendero Pájaro Sombrilla, según los resultados de la curva de acumulación de especies. En relación con el índice de abundancia relativa calculado, las especies más abundantes fueron Pecari tajacu (IAR=18.50), Leopardus pardalis (IAR=2.21), Puma concolor (IAR=2.15) y la familia Didelphidae (IAR=2.78). En cuanto a los patrones de actividad, P. tajacu presentó actividad diurna (6:00-20:00). L. pardalis tuvo actividad catameral con dos picos máximos (6:00-8:00 y el otro de 22:00 - 24:00), P. concolor presentó actividad catameral con máximos de actividad a las (14:00-16:00 y 22:00-24:00). Los datos que se presentan en esta investigación pueden ser útiles para la creación de programas de manejo y conservación de la Reserva, sus especies y las interacciones entre estas.

scholarly journals Monitoring species of mammals using track collection by rangers in the Tilarán mountain range, Costa Rica

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
J. Edgardo Arévalo ◽  
Yoryineth Méndez ◽  
Sergio Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Focal Species ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
Conservation Organizations

Although monitoring of animal populations for informed decision making is fundamental for the conservation and management of biodiversity, monitoring programs are not widely implemented. In addition, monitoring plans often represent an economic burden for many conservation organizations. Here we report on the monitoring of five focal species of mammals in the Tilarán mountain range, Costa Rica. We used a participatory approach in which trained rangers of four institutions conducted trail surveys in an area of ca 50,000ha to determine the presence/absence of the paca (Cuniculus paca), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), tapir (Tapirus bairdii), jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) using track collections. Permanent transects of 3 km were sampled on the same day every month in 2000-01 (141 km) and 2009-10 (303 km). Four of the five focal species were registered in our sampling. One of the most valuable outcomes of the study was the initiative of the rangers to train community members to participate in the monitoring plan. We believe that this participatory approach not only has great potential for the integration of rangers in long term monitoring, but also the incorporation of citizen science-based programs. Multi-institutional collaboration for species monitoring could reduce costs and increase the sampling effort.

scholarly journals Relative abundance and activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in Pacuare Nature Reserve, Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Stephanny Arroyo-Arce ◽  
Ian Thomson ◽  
Carlos Fernandez ◽  
Roberto Salom-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Central American ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
History Of

Located in Costa Rica, Pacuare Nature Reserve has a long established history of wildlife monitoring programs primarily focused on species of nesting marine turtles and the Agami herons (Agamia agami) found within the reserve. Our research represents the first as­sessment on the local terrestrial mammal populations. Data was col­lected by using seven camera trap stations distributed within the boundaries of the reserve. From April 2015 to March 2016, and after a total of 1 643 camera trap nights, we were able to identify 11 terres­trial mammalian species distributed in six orders and nine families. The most abundant species was the common opossum (Didelphis marsu­pialis), followed by the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). A noticeably ab­sent species, otherwise common throughout the area, was the Central American agouti (Dasyprocta punctata). Our results are similar to those from other protected areas in the Northeastern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Composição e abundância relativa dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte no Parque Estadual do Turvo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1087-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos B. Kasper ◽  
Fábio D. Mazim ◽  
José B. G. Soares ◽  
Tadeu G. de Oliveira ◽  
Marta E. Fabián
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Tayassu Pecari ◽  
Nasua Nasua ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
Didelphis Albiventris

Entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2006 foram realizados estudos sobre a composição e abundância relativa dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte do Parque Estadual do Turvo. Para tanto, foram utilizados registros de armadilhas fotográficas além de visualizações e dados sobre presença e ausência de pegadas ao longo de transectos pré-determinados. No total foram registradas 29 espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte, das quais Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein, 1823 e Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) foram as espécies com maior número de registros. No que se refere a Carnivora, Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766) e Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758) tiveram os maiores índices de registro, enquanto Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775), Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1782) e Galictis cuja (Molina 1782) os menores. Entre os ungulados apenas Pecari tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758) mostrou-se freqüente, sendo a quarta espécie em número de registros. Algumas espécies comuns em outros ambientes apresentaram baixos índices de registro no Parque Estadual do Turvo, tais como Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758 e Didelphis albiventris Lund, 1840. Finalmente, constata-se a provável extinção local de Tayassu pecari (Link, 1795), uma vez que não foram obtidos registros de sua presença ao longo do estudo. A conservação dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte do Parque está fortemente associada à preservação do "Corredor Verde de Misiones", que provavelmente representa uma área fonte para diversas espécies.

scholarly journals Estado poblacional de mamíferos terrestres en dos áreas protegidas de la región central occidental de Costa Rica

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Cartín Nuñez ◽  
Eduardo Carrillo Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Private Protection ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ecological Importance

In the West Central Region of Costa Rica, there are plenty of forests under public and private protection; however, they are increasingly exposed to fragmentation. This is the first report about species richness and the relative abundance of large and medium size terrestrial mammals, in Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve (ReBAMB) and Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve (RPN). Our camera trap study was undertaken between April and August, 2008. After 1 620 trap-days, 11 species were identified, nine in ReBAMB and six in RPN. The recorded species in both sites were: Cuniculus paca, Dasyprocta punctata, Nasua narica and Pecari tajacu. Felids were only captured in ReBAMB. The peccary (P. tajacu) was the most abundant mammal within the studied area, in contrast with the apparent absence of species such as white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) and jaguar (Panthera onca). The difference in species composition between both sites was probably consequence of habitat fragmentation, which especially affects RPN. Species as white-lipped peccary and jaguar could be affected, directly or indirectly, by poaching. We propose that a good conservation goal for ReBAMB and due to their ecological importance is to have at least a white-lipped peccary’s population for the next ten years.

scholarly journals Serological Detection of Viral Infections in Captive Wild Cats from Costa Rica

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinndle Blanco ◽  
Roberto Peña ◽  
Carmen Hernández ◽  
Mauricio Jiménez ◽  
Luis Nazario Araya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Feline Leukemia Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Wild Cats

Serum samples from a total of 44 wildcats, 28 margays (Leopardus wiedii), 10 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), four jaguaroundis (Herpailurus yaguaroundi), one oncilla (Leopardus tigrina), and one jaguar (Panthera onca) were obtained between January 2001 and August 2002 from the Profelis Centre for rehabilitation of wild felids, located in the northwestern region of Costa Rica. Forty three samples were tested for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and p27 antigen of feline leukemia virus (FeLV), 42 samples for antibodies against feline parvovirus (FPV), and 30 for antibodies against feline calicivirus (FCV). None of the samples contained detectable antibodies against FIV or p27 antigen of FeLV, all samples contained antibodies against FPV, and one sample contained antibodies against FCV.

scholarly journals Ecology of Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) in a mexican tropical forest: adaptation to environmental disturbances

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce María Ávila-Nájera ◽  
Cuauhtémoc Chávez ◽  
Sergio Pérez-Elizalde ◽  
Remigio Anastacio Guzmán-Plazola ◽  
Germán David Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
The North ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Pecari Tajacu

Worldwide big cats are at risk of extinction, and anthropogenic factors and natural habitat disturbances represent the biggest threats for their survival. It is essential to know the natural resources use by these predators and the way these big felids adapt to changes. It is unknown how the puma (Puma concolor) selects and uses resources, and what environmental factors determine its presence and how this species is affected by natural disturbances in Mexican tropical forests. This study was performed in the El Eden ecological reserve and surroundings, in the North of Quintana Roo, Mexico, an area dominated by tropical semideciduous (medium forest) and secondary forest (acahual). Camera samplings were carried out during 2008, and from 2010 to 2012. Habitat variables, activity patterns and species associations were also spatially and temporally analyzed using a chi-squared test and overlapping coefficients. General Linear Models (GLM) were used in order to determine which variables influence the presence of cougars in the study area. Cougars used vegetation and paths in different proportions as the availability of these resources. The years with more changes (P < 0.05) were 2008 and 2011. This predator was active throughout the day, but changed its activity patterns over the years. The cougar was spatio-temporally associated with six mammals and two big terrestrial birds: Pecari tajacu (∆ = 0.52), Meleagris ocellata (∆ = 0.55), Crax rubra (∆ = 0.58), Didelphis sp. (∆ = 0.64), Mazama temama (∆ = 0.66), Leopardus pardalis (∆ = 0.68), Dasypus novemcinctus (∆ = 0.73) and Panthera onca (∆ = 0.87). After testing 90 GLM models, the model with a lower AIC value described the activity patterns of prey and co-predators. The vegetation and water in the reserve were important variables for the cougar. However the variables that determined and modified the presence of the species were activity patterns of co-predators and the potential preys. The factors that negatively affected the presence of the species were fire, human presence, and habitat displacement to less favorable habitats to avoid jaguar.

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

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