scholarly journals Micorriza arbuscular, Mucoromycotina y hongos septados oscuros en helechos y licófitas con distribución en México: una revisión global

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Lara-Pérez ◽  
Ramón Zulueta-Rodríguez ◽  
Antonio Andrade-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Dark Septate Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Interactions ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Fungal Interactions ◽  
Ferns And Lycophytes

Ferns and lycophytes are a group of vascular plants of interest to understand the evolution of mycorrhizal interactions; their preservation is of relevance for their multiple ecological relations. The record of different taxonomic groups of fungi associated with ferns and lycophytes is fragmentary, and the criteria for it identification is inconsistent, which hinders the understanding and determination of mycorrhizal status. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of the species of ferns and lycophytes with distribution in Mexico, and with information of fungal interactions. A checklist of the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Mucoromycotina and dark septate fungi (DSF) associated with ferns and lycophytes was integrated through an exhaustive global literature search. In this study, mycorrhizal species was considered by the presence of arbuscules to differentiate with hyphal, vesicular and coils colonization. The study gathered a checklist of mycorrhizal occurrences of 27 families, 61 genus and 137 species of ferns and lycophytes, which covers 13.4 % of the species, 91 % of the genus and 77 % of the families distributed in Mexico. The 78.1 % of the species showed colonization, 56.2 % by AMF, 29.9 % by DSF and 0.72 % by Mucoromycotina fungi. From the total of the species, the higher presences of colonization were in terrestrial, epiphytic, saxicolous, and aquatic plants with 76.6 %, 33.3 %, 20 %, and 6.3 %, respectively. The families of ferns and lycophytes with the higher number of species colonized were Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae and Dryopteridaceae. The present study showed the widespread associations of AMF and DSF in ferns and lycophytes of Mexico. It is urgently needed to include ferns and lycophytes in studies focused on endomycorhizal interactions, since only 28 species (28 %) were studied in Mexican ecosystems. The majority of studies were focused on sporophytic face (80 %). Nonetheless, to understand the role that plays the mycorrhiza in the establishment of ferns and lycophytes, it is necessary to include the gametophytic face in ecological, molecular and physiological experimental studies. This information is important to implement conservation strategies, because a considerable number of ferns and lycophytes species, depend on these mycorrhizal associations for their growth and survival. 

scholarly journals Supervivencia y crecimiento de plántulas de Jacaratia mexicana inoculadas con hongos micorrícico arbusculares dentro de un bosque tropical seco

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Zulueta-Rodríguez ◽  
Luis G. Hernandez-Montiel ◽  
Bernardo Murillo-Amador ◽  
Miguel V. Córdoba-Matson ◽  
Liliana Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Growth And Survival

Jacaratia mexicana is not only an endemic and typical tropical dry forest tree of Mexico, it is considered as a direct ancestor of the papayo (Carica papaya). Locally it is mainly used in traditional medicine, for human food or for feeding backyard animals (forage plant), but its use value is very restricted or even unknown. Nevertheless, various abiotic and anthropogenic pressures in its Mexican habitat are causing populations of this tree to decline alarmingly. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are microorganisms that have an important role for the regeneration of tree species by increasing their ability to absorb water and nutrients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AMF on growth and survival of seedlings of J.mexicana transplanted within a fragmented area of the remaining dry forest located in the central portion of the state of Veracruz. We measured height, stem diameter, number of leaves, percent seedling survival and mycorrhizal colonization. Results showed increases in all growth-related variables when seedlings were inoculated with AMF. The results suggest that micosymbionts can play a critical role for the regeneration of J.mexicana and possibly other species of tree within the dry forest, especially helping this endemic species that is currently surviving in a fragmented environment under unfavorable conditions of low availability of water and nutrients.Supervivencia y crecimiento de plántulas de Jacaratia mexicana inoculadas con hongos micorrícico arbusculares dentro de un bosque tropical secoJacaratia mexicana no es solo un árbol endémico y típico de los bosques tropicales secos de México, sino que se le considera como ancestro evolutivo del papayo (Carica papaya). Se le aprecia en la medicina tradicional, para alimentación del ser humano o cría de animales de traspatio (planta forrajera), pero su valor de uso es muy restringido o incluso desconocido. Sin embargo, presiones abióticas y antropogénicas de su hábitat natural están causando una alarmante reducción de las poblaciones naturales de esta Caricaceae. Los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) son microorganismos que juegan un papel importante en la regeneración de especies debido al aumento de su capacidad para absorber agua y nutrientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de los HMA sobre el crecimiento y supervivencia de plántulas de J. mexicana trasplantadas dentro de un área fragmentada del bosque tropical seco ubicado en la parte central del estado de Veracruz. Se determinó en este estudio la altura, diámetro, número de hojas, porcentaje de supervivencia y colonización micorrízica. Los resultados muestran incrementos en todas las variables relacionadas con el crecimiento cuando las plántulas fueron inoculadas con HMA. Los resultados sugieren que estos micosimbiontes pueden desempeñar un papel fundamental para el establecimiento de árboles como J. mexicana y posiblemente de otros componentes dentro del bosque tropical seco, los cuales actualmente sobreviven en un entorno fragmentado y bajo condiciones desfavorables de baja disponibilidad de agua y nutrientes.

Mycorrhizal fungi

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anwar Maun
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Mycorrhizal Interactions

Mycorrhizal fungi (mycobionts) form a ubiquitous mutualistic symbiotic association with the roots of higher plants (phytobionts) in coastal sand dunes worldwide. These obligate biotrophs perform vital functions in the survival, establishment and growth of plants by playing an active role in nutrient cycling. As such they serve as a crucial link between plants, fungi and soil at the soil–root interface (Rillig and Allen 1999). Mycorrhizas occur in a wide variety of habitats and ecosystems including aquatic habitats, cold or hot deserts, temperate and tropical coastal dunes, tropical rainforests, saline soils, volcanic tephra soils, prairies and coral substrates (Klironomos and Kendrick 1993). Simon et al. (1993) sequenced ribosomal DNA genes from 12 species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and confirmed that mycorrhizas (fungal roots) fall into three families. He estimated that they originated about 353–462 million years ago and were instrumental in facilitating the colonization of ancient plants on land. Further evidence was provided by Remy et al. (1994) who discovered arbuscules in an early Devonian land plant, Aglaophyton major, and concluded that mycorrhizal fungi were already established on land > 400 million years ago. Thus the nutrient transfer mechanism of AM fungi was already in existence before the origin of roots. Plant roots probably evolved from rhizomes and AM fungi served as an important evolutionary step in the acquisition of water and mineral nutrients (Brundrett 2002). Over evolutionary time the divergence among these fungi has accompanied the radiation of land plants, and about 200 species of AM fungi have been recognized (Klironomos and Kendrick 1993) that exist in association with about 300 000 plant species in 90% of families (Smith and Read 1997), indicating that AM fungi are capable of colonizing many host species. Approximately 150 of the described mycorrhizal species may occur in sand dunes (Koske et al. 2004). Most host–fungus associations are beneficial to both the plant and the fungus and are thus regarded as mutualistic (++); however, the widespread use of the term mutualism (mutual benefit) for mycorrhizal interactions has been questioned because all associations are not beneficial to both the plant and fungus (Brundrett 2004).

scholarly journals Influence on Different Types of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Crop Productivity in Ecosystem

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ramakrishnan ◽  
G. Bhuvaneswari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Mycorrhizal Interactions

Mycorrhizal fungi greatly enhanced the ability of plants to take up phosphorus and other nutrients those are relatively immobile and exist in low concentration in the soil solution. Fungi can be important in the uptake of other nutrients by the host plant. Mycorrhizae establish symbiotic relationships with plants and play an essential role in plant growth, disease protection, and overall soil quality. Of the seven types of mycorrhizae described in current scientific literature (arbuscular, ecto, ectendo, arbutoid, monotropoid, ericoid and orchidaceous mycorrhizae), the arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae are the most abundant and widespread. This chapter presents an overview of current knowledge of mycorrhizal interactions, processes, and potential benefits to society. The molecular basis of nutrient exchange between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants is presented; the role of AM fungi in disease protection, alleviation of heavy metal stress and increasing grain production. Most land plants form associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizas are mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots. They are described as symbiotic because the fungus receives photo synthetically derived carbon compounds and the plant has increased access to mineral nutrients and sometimes water.

The effect of two arbuscular mycorrhizal inocula of contrasting richness and the same mycorrhizal potential on the growth and survival of wild plant species from La Gran Sabana, Venezuela.

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Cuenca ◽  
Zita De Andrade ◽  
Milagros Lovera ◽  
Laurie Fajardo ◽  
Erasmo Meneses
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Wild Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Potential

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is potentially important for the productivity and functioning of plant communities. However, from results published to date, it is unclear whether the increase in productivity and plant diversity obtained with increased AMF richness is a consequence of higher richness in itself or whether it is caused simply by an uncontrolled, higher mycorrhizal potential in the more diverse AMF inocula used. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of AMF richness on the biomass and survival of several wild plant species from La Gran Sabana, Venezuela, comparing AMF inocula of varying richness but with similar mycorrhizal potential. We studied the effect of two inocula (containing two and five AMF species respectively, each with 600 propagules/100 g of soil) on growth and survival in a community composed of three woody species indigenous to La Gran Sabana. No differences were found in dry mass production or plant survival when the two inocula of contrasting richness were compared. Reasons for such results include the life history strategies of the AMF used in the present work.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity, microcosm, species richness, biodiversity, tropical species.

scholarly journals Differences in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi among Three Coffee Cultivars in Puerto Rico

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia Lebrón ◽  
D. Jean Lodge ◽  
Paul Bayman
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mycorrhizal Interactions

Mycorrhizal symbiosis is important for growth of coffee (Coffea arabica), but differences among coffee cultivars in response to mycorrhizal interactions have not been studied. We compared arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) extraradical hyphae in the soil and diversity of AM fungi among three coffee cultivars, Caturra, Pacas, and Borbón, at three farms in Puerto Rico. Caturra had significantly lower total extraradical AM hyphal length than Pacas and Borbón at all locations. P content did not differ among cultivars. Extraradical hyphal lengths differed significantly among locations. Although the same morphotypes of mycorrhizal fungal spores were present in the rhizosphere of the three cultivars and total spore density did not differ significantly, frequencies of spore morphotypes differed significantly among cultivars. Spore morphotypes were typical of Glomus and Sclerocystis. Levels of soil nutrients did not explain differences in AM colonzation among cultivars. The cultivar Caturra is a mutant of Borbón and has apparently lost Borbón’s capacity to support and benefit from an extensive network of AM hyphae in the soil. Widespread planting of Caturra, which matures earlier and has higher yield if fertilized, may increase dependence on fertilizers.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve the Antioxidative Response and the Seed Production of Suaedoideae Species Suaeda physophora Pall Under Salt Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue YANG ◽  
Hongqing YU ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Jixun GUO ◽  
Xiang ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Population Survival ◽  
Suaeda Physophora

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a key role in plant growth and survival; however, the influence of AMF on the growth and production of Suaedoideae species is still not well understood. The object of this study was to understand the mechanism of AMF that affects the growth of Suaedoideae species under different saline conditions. The result showed that the Suaedoideae species Suaeda physophora was colonized by the AMF species Glomus etunicatum (Ge) and Glomus mosseae (Gm). AMF significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in S. physophora and reduced the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 in the leaves of S. physophora under salt stress. AMF also improved the aboveground biomass of S. physophora and significantly increased its seed numbers. Moreover, AMF increased the aboveground phosphorus (P) content of S. physophora. No significant difference between the effect of AMF species Ge and Gm on S. physophora growth was observed. These results suggest that AMF can increase the salt resistance of the Suaedoideae species S. physophora by increasing SOD and POD activities, reducing MDA and H2O2 concentrations and increasing P uptake. The results highlight that AMF might play an important role in S. physophora growth and population survival under harsh salt conditions.

scholarly journals Specificity of assemblage, not fungal partner species, explains mycorrhizal partnerships of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongtao Zhao ◽  
Xiaojuan Li ◽  
Ming Fai Liu ◽  
Vincent S. F. T. Merckx ◽  
Richard M. K. Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Fungal Partner ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Fungal Assemblages ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Mycorrhizal Interactions ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractMycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) growing on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) usually maintain specialized mycorrhizal associations. The level of specificity varies between MHPs, although it remains largely unknown whether interactions with mycorrhizal fungi differ by plant lineage, species, and/or by population. Here, we investigate the mycorrhizal interactions among Burmannia species (Burmanniaceae) with different trophic modes using high-throughput DNA sequencing. We characterized the inter- and intraspecific dynamics of the fungal communities by assessing the composition and diversity of fungi among sites. We found that fully mycoheterotrophic species are more specialized in their fungal associations than chlorophyllous species, and that this specialization possibly results from the gradual loss of some fungal groups. In particular, although many fungal species were shared by different Burmannia species, fully MHP species typically host species-specific fungal assemblages, suggesting that they have a preference for the selected fungi. Although no apparent cophylogenetic relationship was detected between fungi and plants, we observe that evolutionarily closely related plants tend to have a greater proportion of shared or closely related fungal partners. Our findings suggest a host preference and specialization toward fungal assemblages in Burmannia, improving understanding of interactions between MHPs and fungi.

scholarly journals Colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves salinity tolerance of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiya Klinsukon ◽  
Saisamorn Lumyong ◽  
Thomas W. Kuyper ◽  
Sophon Boonlue
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
High Water ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Pulp Industry

AbstractSoil salinity affects soil quality and reduces plant performance. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance the tolerance of plants under salinity stress. Cultivation of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), which exhibits high water use efficiency, is possible in saline areas to produce raw materials for the pulp industry. We determined the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth and survival of eucalyptus seedlings under saline conditions. Three different clones of eucalyptus seedlings were pre-inoculated with three salt-tolerant AMF species, namely Glomus sp.2, Gigaspora albida and G. decipiens, and without pre-inoculation. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 45 days. They were then transferred to individual pots, filled with field soil and subsequently treated with NaCl solution until electro-conductivity (EC) reached 10, 15 and 20 dS m−1. They were watered for 90 days under nursery conditions. The results show that increased salinity levels reduced plant performance, fractional AMF root colonization, spore number, and eucalypt K/Na ratio. AMF significantly increased chlorophyll and decreased leaf proline concentrations by more than 50% and 20% respectively and increased the K/Na ratio three- to six-fold compared with non-inoculated plants. Pre-inoculation with AMF before outplanting also improved plant performance by more than 30% under salinity stress compared to non-inoculated plants. We conclude that AMF can alleviate the negative impacts of salinity on plant physiological and biochemical parameters.

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